Croatian diaspora: Difference between revisions
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*See [[Croatian Chilean]] |
*See [[Croatian Chilean]] |
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'''[[Croats]]''' are an important ethnic group in [[Chile]]; they are citizens of Chile who where either born in [[Europe]] or are Chileans of Croatian descent deriving their [[Croatian]] [[South Slavs|south-Slavic]] ethnicity from one or both parents. Chile has one of the largest communities of ethnic [[Croats]] outside the [[Balkans|Balkans Peninsula]] and it is one of the most significant communities in the [[Croatian people|Croatian diaspora]] - second only to that which is found in the [[United States]]. They are one of the main example of successful assimilation of a non [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking European [[ethnic]] group into Chilean society. Many successful [[entrepreneurs]], [[scientists]], [[artists]] and prominent [[politicians]] holding the highest offices in the country have been of Croatian descent. |
'''[[Croats]]''' are an important ethnic group in [[Chile]]; they are citizens of Chile who where either born in [[Europe]] or are Chileans of Croatian descent deriving their [[Croatian]] [[South Slavs|south-Slavic]] ethnicity from one or both parents. Chile has one of the largest communities of ethnic [[Croats]] outside the [[Balkans|Balkans Peninsula]] and it is one of the most significant communities in the [[Croatian people|Croatian diaspora]] - second only to that which is found in the [[United States]]. They are one of the main example of successful assimilation of a non [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking European [[ethnic]] group into Chilean society. Many successful [[entrepreneurs]], [[scientists]], [[artists]] and prominent [[politicians]] holding the highest offices in the country have been of Croatian descent. |
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The Croatian community first established itself in two provinces situated in the extreme ends of [[Chile]]: [[Antofagasta]], in the [[Atacama]] desert of the north and [[Punta Arenas]] in the [[Patagonia]]n region in the south. The massive arrival of Croats in Chile began in [[1864]] and the migration grew steadily until [[1956]] – reaching a number of more than 60,000.<ref name="Croacia y Chile: DUBROVNIK, EL ÚLTIMO BALUARTE">{{cite web|title= Croacia y Chile: DUBROVNIK, EL ÚLTIMO BALUARTE|publisher=hrvatskimigracije.es.tl|date=2008-04-10|url=http://hrvatskimigracije.es.tl/Croacia-y-Chile.htm?PHPSESSID=36d25ef77c698e5bfe8d0f7257c3e71c|accessdate=2009-04-03}}</ref> |
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It is officially accepted that there are up to 380,000 [[Croatian Chilean|Chileans of Croatian descent]] (who clearly identify themselves as Chilean-Croats).<ref name="croata">[http://hrvatskimigracije.es.tl/Diaspora-Croata.htm Diaspora Croata]</ref> Even though the number may be much higher with some [[demographic]] analysts estimating a figure of 700,000. <ref>[http://www.hrvatski.cl/html/croatas.htm hrvatski.]</ref> |
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=== Argentina === |
=== Argentina === |
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Revision as of 20:25, 26 April 2009
Croatian Diaspora refers to the Croatian communities that have formed outside Croatia.
Lists of Croatian diaspora
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croats form one of the three constitutive nations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They are frequently referred to as Bosnian Croats, but since the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina the number of Herzegovinian Croats exceeds the number in Bosnia. The Croats maintain an unofficial capital in Mostar, with the city being home to the largest Croatian population.
There is no precise data regarding Bosnia and Herzegovina's population since the last war. The UNHCR conducted an unofficial census in 1996, but the data has not been recognized.[clarification needed] Ethnic cleansing within Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1990s saw the vast majority of Croats move and take up residence in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is estimated that there are approximately 600,000 Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to 2000 data from the CIA World Factbook, Bosnia and Herzegovina is ethnically 14.3% Croat.
United States
According to the 2005 US census, there are 401,208[1] Americans of full or partial Croatian descent.
In addition to that, many Croatian Americans identify themselves as Yugoslavs, Slavs, Dalmatians, Bosnians, Austrians, or Austro-Hungarians.
First Croatians in Detroit appeared around 1890, settling usually in the region of Russel. In Illinois the Croatians started concentrating mostly around Chicago. Although it was created a bit later, the Croatian settlement in Chicago became one of the most important ones in the United States. The settlement especially started developing after World War I and Chicago became the center of all Croatian cultural and political activities. It is calculated that there were roughly 50,000 Croats in Chicago in the 1990s, while there were altogether 100,000 Croats living in 54 additional Croatian settlements in Illinois.
Chile
- See Croatian Chilean
Croats are an important ethnic group in Chile; they are citizens of Chile who where either born in Europe or are Chileans of Croatian descent deriving their Croatian south-Slavic ethnicity from one or both parents. Chile has one of the largest communities of ethnic Croats outside the Balkans Peninsula and it is one of the most significant communities in the Croatian diaspora - second only to that which is found in the United States. They are one of the main example of successful assimilation of a non Spanish-speaking European ethnic group into Chilean society. Many successful entrepreneurs, scientists, artists and prominent politicians holding the highest offices in the country have been of Croatian descent.
Argentina
Croats in Argentina number over 250,000.[2]
The most successful of all the Croats in Argentina was also almost the first to arrive Nikola Mihanović came to Montevideo, Uruguay in 1867. Having settled in Buenos Aires, by 1909 Mihanović owned 350 vessels of one kind or another, including 82 steamers. By 1918, he employed 5,000 people, mostly from his native Dalmatia which was then under Austro-Hungarian and Italian rule. Mihanović by himself was thus a major factor in building up a Croat community which remains primarily Dalmatian to this day.
The second wave of Croat immigration was far more numerous, totalling 15,000 by 1939. Mostly peasants, these immigrants fanned out to work the land in Buenos Aires province, Santa Fe, Chaco, and Patagonia. This wave was accompanied by a numerous clergy to attend their spiritual needs, especially Franciscans.
If the first two waves had been primarily economic, the third wave after the Second World War was eminently political. Some 20,000 Croatian political refugees came to Argentina, and most became construction workers on Peron's public works projects until they started to pick up some Spanish.[3]
United Kingdom
Croats in the United Kingdom include Croats that have formed communities in or were born in the United Kingdom. The 2001 UK Census recorded 6,992 people born in Croatia.[4]
Australia
Croatia has been a source of migrants to Australia, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s. In 2006 118,051 persons resident in Australia (0.6%) identified themselves as having Croatian ancestry.
Other countries with Croatians
Austria (native), Brazil, Canada, Czechia (native), France, Germany, Hungary (native), Italy (also native), Republic of Macedonia (native and transplanted), New Zealand, Peru, Portugal, Romania (some native-Krashovani), Russia, Serbia (native), Slovakia (native), South Africa, Spain, Sweden and Ukraine.
References
- ^ S0201. Selected Population Profile in the United States, Population Group: Croatian (109-110), Data Set: 2005 American Community Survey, Survey: American Community Survey
- ^ Diaspora Croata
- ^ Croatian political refugees came to Argentina.
- ^ "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
External links
- Croatian Heritage Foundation Hrvatska matica iseljenika (in Croat, English and Spanish)
- History of the Dalmatian community from Croatia in New Zealand
- Croatian Academic Union Germany Hrvatski akademski savez: Network of students and academics in Germany who are Croatians or of Croatian descent
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