Tulu Nadu state movement: Difference between revisions
Any one living in this region will agree with this statements. All people living in Karnataka know that bundhs called by Pro-Kannada Org. do invoke any response. |
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In 2008, the former president of the Kannada Sahitya Parishat Harikrishna Punaroor said that "all Tulu organisations from Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kasaragod districts will meet shortly to chart out a plan for a separate State and to take it up with the Centre. The people of these districts had a legitimate reason to seek a separate State. Noting that most States came into being on the basis of linguistic consideration. People from Tulu-speaking areas too could stake a claim in this regard. Tulu is one of the five Dravidian languages with its own script. The demand for the inclusion of Tulu in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution had not materialised over the years due to the apathy of the State and Union governments. Creating a separate State would give a fillip to the growth and sustenance of Tulu. It was the responsibility of elected representatives from the region to press for this cause. If the Government failed to fulfil their demand, an organised agitation would be inevitable."<ref name="h"/> |
In 2008, the former president of the Kannada Sahitya Parishat Harikrishna Punaroor said that "all Tulu organisations from Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kasaragod districts will meet shortly to chart out a plan for a separate State and to take it up with the Centre. The people of these districts had a legitimate reason to seek a separate State. Noting that most States came into being on the basis of linguistic consideration. People from Tulu-speaking areas too could stake a claim in this regard. Tulu is one of the five Dravidian languages with its own script. The demand for the inclusion of Tulu in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution had not materialised over the years due to the apathy of the State and Union governments. Creating a separate State would give a fillip to the growth and sustenance of Tulu. It was the responsibility of elected representatives from the region to press for this cause. If the Government failed to fulfil their demand, an organised agitation would be inevitable."<ref name="h"/> |
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People are also opposing a project which intends to divert water from rivers of this region to other parts of upland Karnataka since 2003. |
People are also opposing a project which intends to divert water from rivers of this region to other parts of upland Karnataka since 2003.<ref>http://www.thehindu.com/2009/07/29/stories/2009072951010200.htm </ref> |
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Statewide strikes and agitations called by various Pro Kannada organisations does not invoke any response Tulu Nadu. |
Statewide strikes and agitations called by various Pro Kannada organisations does not invoke any response Tulu Nadu. |
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Revision as of 17:40, 9 August 2009
Mangalorean regionalism centers on increasing Tulu Nadu's influence and political power through the formation of a separate Tulu Nadu state from Karnataka. Tulu Nadu is a region on the south-western coast of India. It consists of the Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts of Karnataka, and the northern parts of the Kasargod district upto the Chandragiri river in Kerala.[1] The Chandragiri river is traditionally considered to be a boundary between Tulu Nadu and Kerala.[2] Mangalore is the largest and the chief city of Tulu Nadu. Tulu activists have been demanding a separate Tulu Nadu state since the 1990s, considering language and culture as the basis for their demand.[1][3][4][5][6]
Tulu Nadu was ruled by several major Kannada powers, including the Kadambas, Alupas, Vijayanagar dynasty, and the Keladi Nayakas.[7] The region was unified with the state of Mysore (now called Karnataka) in 1956.[8] The region encompassing Tulu Nadu is also known as South Canara.[9] Tulu Nadu is demographically and linguistically diverse than Karnataka with several languages, including Tulu, Konkani, Kannada, and Beary commonly spoken and understood.[10]
Distinct identity
| Language | Percentage of speakers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tulu | 47.27 | |||
| Kannada | 20.62 | |||
| Konkani | 16.51 | |||
| Malayalam | 10.79 | |||
| Marathi | 2.35 | |||
| Urdu | 1.75 | |||
| Source: 1961 Census of India statistics[11] | ||||
According to the 1961 Census of India statistics,[11] Tulu speakers (47.27%) outnumber Kannada speakers (20.62%) in South Canara. The four predominant languages in Tulu Nadu are Tulu, Konkani, Kannada, and Beary.[10] Hinduism is followed by a large number of the population, with Mogaveeras, Billavas, Ganigas and Bunts forming the largest groups. Kota Brahmins, Shivalli Brahmins, Sthanika Brahmins, Havyaka Brahmins, Goud Saraswat Brahmins (GSBs), Daivajna brahmins, and Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins also form considerable sections of the Hindu population. Christians form a sizable section of Mangalorean society, with Konkani-speaking Catholics, popularly known as Mangalorean Catholics, accounting for the largest Christian community in Tulu Nadu. Protestants in Tulu Nadu known as Mangalorean Protestants typically speak Tulu or Kannada.[12] Most Muslims in Tulu Nadu are Bearys, who speak a dialect called Beary bashe.[13] There is also a sizeable group of landowners following Jainism.[14]
Reasons
As a result of the States Reorganisation Act (1956), South Canara (part of the Madras Presidency under the British) was incorporated into the dominion of the newly created Mysore State (now called Karnataka).[8] Tulu activists have been demanding a separate Tulu Nadu state since the 1990s. Tulu activists had raised some serious issues on the development of Mangalore and Tulu Nadu. One of them was that the Karnataka State Government has been focussing only on the development of Bangalore, the capital of Karnataka, and its periphery, and cities such as Mangalore and Udupi in Tulu Nadu have received a raw deal. They also alleged that the Government had "totally neglected" Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts. The Kerala Government too showed similar attitude towards the northern parts of Kasargod district.[1]
The Tulu Rajya Horata Samiti, which is now active in the three districts, said in an interview that "After Independence, South Canara did not get any major irrigation or drinking water projects. The region was the top revenue earners for the State Government. But when it came to Government grants, they stood no chance." Hailing the Government for building a new complex for the Bowring hospital in Bangalore, samiti activists said that the District Wenlock and Lady Goshen hospitals in Mangalore and the district hospital in Udupi could have also been developed.[1] Samiti Convener Karnire Dinesh Poojary at a press meet in October 2006 said "We have been geographically neglected for the past may decades. Self-rule is the only solution for the much awaited developmental works of the region. The Samithi rejects the initiative to change the name of Mangalore. If it is changed it should be changed as Kudla. The Mangalore International Airport should be renamed as "Tulunadu International Airport". The National Highway connecting B.C.Road and Surathkal should be repaired by ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation) and NMPT (New Mangalore Port Trust), as they are mainly responsible for its deteriorated condition," Stating that the main reason for all kinds of violence in the region is unemployment of the youth and geographical negligence, Poojary said, "the demand for separate state is genuine because Kannadigas in general cannot understand the Tulu culture and the Tuluvas are being sidelined by the major companies of the region. He said the main aim of the samiti is to create awareness among the Tulu speaking people with regard to the inevitability of a separate state and enthusing them to fight for the cause."[4]
In the early 21st century, The Tulu Nadu movement again gained momentum in the region with support from notable Mangalorean poet Kayyara Kinyanna Rai and former Member of Parliament Ramanna Rai. In an interview, Kinyanna Rai said "political boundaries might not mean anything to people who were fighting for the survival of a language and its culture. Karnataka and Kerala governments spoke about "tier II cities" and the "Smart City" concept, but investment was not forthcoming". In an interview, Ramanna Rai said that "the work on the Mangalore-Bangalore railway line was completed after 35 years of its launch." He also said that " he would not accept the laying of a meter gauge line between the two cities and converting it into broad gauge as a development project particularly when there was no rail link for nine years."[1]
In 2008, the former president of the Kannada Sahitya Parishat Harikrishna Punaroor said that "all Tulu organisations from Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kasaragod districts will meet shortly to chart out a plan for a separate State and to take it up with the Centre. The people of these districts had a legitimate reason to seek a separate State. Noting that most States came into being on the basis of linguistic consideration. People from Tulu-speaking areas too could stake a claim in this regard. Tulu is one of the five Dravidian languages with its own script. The demand for the inclusion of Tulu in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution had not materialised over the years due to the apathy of the State and Union governments. Creating a separate State would give a fillip to the growth and sustenance of Tulu. It was the responsibility of elected representatives from the region to press for this cause. If the Government failed to fulfil their demand, an organised agitation would be inevitable."[5]
People are also opposing a project which intends to divert water from rivers of this region to other parts of upland Karnataka since 2003.[15]
Statewide strikes and agitations called by various Pro Kannada organisations does not invoke any response Tulu Nadu.
Citations
- ^ a b c d e "Tulu Nadu movement gaining momentum". The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Parpola 2000, p. 386
- ^ Economic and political weekly (1997), v. 32, Sameeksha Trust, p. 3114
- ^ a b Tulu Rajya Horata Samithi has urged that the region comprising Tulu speaking people should be given the status of a separate state from Daiji World
- ^ a b Tulu organisations to meet soon from The Hindu
- ^ Samithi seeks separate Tulu state from Deccan Herald
- ^ South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973, p. 36
- ^ a b "States Reorganization Act 1956". Commonwealth Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2008-07-01.
- ^ History of Tinnevelly by Bishop R. Caldwell, p. 49
- ^ a b C. Vasudevan (1998), Koragas: The Forgotten Lot : the Primitive Tribe of Tulu Nadu : History and Culture , p. 94
- ^ a b Census of India, District Census Handbook, South Kanara District, p. 192
- ^ South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973, p. 93
- ^ "Beary Sahitya Academy set up". The Hindu. 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ The Jains By Paul Dundas, p. 125
- ^ http://www.thehindu.com/2009/07/29/stories/2009072951010200.htm
References
- Parpola, Marjatta (2000). Kerala Brahmins in transition: a study of a Nampūtiri family. Finnish Oriental Society. ISBN 9789519380483.
- "History". South Kanara District Gazetteer. Karnataka State Gazetteer. Vol. 12. Gazetteer Department (Government of Karnataka). 1973. pp. 33–85.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help);|format=requires|url=(help); External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "People". South Kanara District Gazetteer. Karnataka State Gazetteer. Vol. 12. Gazetteer Department (Government of Karnataka). 1973. pp. 86–125.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help);|format=requires|url=(help); External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)