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'''1981: Clemson wins a [[NCAA Division I-A national football championship|National Championship]]'''<br>
'''1981: Clemson wins a [[NCAA Division I-A national football championship|National Championship]]'''<br>
In 1981, [[1981 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]] defeated Carolina 29-13 en route to the National Championship.
In 1981, [[1981 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]] defeated Carolina 29-13 en route to the National Championship. The next year, Clemson was [[Clemson University football recruiting scandal|placed on probation]] by the NCAA as a result of major infractions leading up to the National Championship season.


'''1987: Highest Ranked Match-Up'''<br>
'''1987: Highest Ranked Match-Up'''<br>

Revision as of 13:39, 31 August 2009

South Carolina logo Clemson logo

The Carolina-Clemson Rivalry is an in-state college rivalry between the University of South Carolina and Clemson University. The two institutions are separated by around 129 miles and have been bitter rivals since the 1880s. A heated rivalry continues to this day for a variety of reasons, including the historic tensions regarding their respective charters along with the passions surrounding their athletic programs.

The athletic programs are known as the South Carolina Gamecocks and the Clemson Tigers, and both are members of premier collegiate athletic conferences: South Carolina is in the Southeastern Conference (Conference USA for men's soccer since the SEC does not sponsor men's soccer); Clemson is in the Atlantic Coast Conference.

Origin

Background

College Comparison
Category Clemson University University of South Carolina
Location Clemson Columbia
Students 17,309 28,130
School Colors Orange & Purple Garnet & Black
Nickname Tigers Gamecocks
Mascot The Tiger and The Tiger Cub Cocky
National Championships 4[1] 6[2][3]

Unlike most major college rivalries, the Carolina-Clemson rivalry did not start innocently. In fact, the seeds of bitterness were planted even before Clemson became a college. The two institutions were founded 88 years apart: South Carolina College in 1801 and Clemson Agricultural College in 1889.

South Carolina College was founded in 1801 to unite and promote harmony between the Lowcountry and the Upcountry.[4] It closed during the Civil War when its students aided the Southern cause, but the closure gave the politicians an opportunity to reorganize it to their liking.[5][6] The Radical Republicans in charge of state government during Reconstruction opened the school to blacks and appropriated generous funds to the University, much of which was embezzled. These actions caused the white citizens of the state to withdraw their support for the University[7] and view it as a symbol of the worst aspects of Reconstruction.

The Democrats returned to power in 1877 following their decisive electoral victory over the Radical Republicans and promptly proceeded to close the University. Sentiment in the state favored opening an agriculture college so the University was reorganized as the South Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.[8] In 1882, the college was renamed to its antebellum name, South Carolina College, which infuriated the farmers because they felt that the politicians had frustrated the will of the people by deemphasizing agriculture education, even though the school still retained the department of agriculture.[9]

Agitation from the farmers

Benjamin Tillman emerged in the 1880s as a leader of the agrarian movement in South Carolina and demanded that the South Carolina College take agricultural education more seriously by expanding the agriculture department.[10] In 1885, Tillman was convinced of the superiority of a separate agricultural college by Stephen D. Lee, then the President of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi, and subsequently Tillman would accept nothing less than a separate agriculture college in South Carolina.[11] He offered the following reasons why he felt that it was necessary to have a separate agriculture college outside the confines of Columbia:

  1. Mississippi A&M featured practical training without unnecessary studying of the liberal arts.[11]
  2. Mississippi A&M provided poor students work-scholarships so that they could attend the college.[11]
  3. There were too few students who studied agriculture at the College to justify an agriculture college there.[11]
  4. The College was a place "for the sons of lawyers and of the well-to-do"[12] who sneered at the agriculture students as if they were hayseeds.[13]
  5. The students at the College lived a life of luxury as compared with the sweat and toil endured by students at Mississippi A&M.[14]
  6. There was not enough farm land near the College to allow for proper agriculture study.[15]

The Conservatives, who held the reins of power in South Carolina from 1877 to 1890, replied to each point made by Tillman:

  1. The most advanced agriculture educational research was being conducted at the University of California and at Cornell University, both of which combined agriculture colleges with liberal arts colleges.[16] Additionally, a separate agriculture college would be more expensive and result in an inferior product.[17]
  2. The work scholarships attracted the lowest quality of students who only cared about obtaining a college degree, not about an education in agriculture or mechanical studies. Furthermore, there was little advantage of attending a college only to pitch manure and grub stumps.[18]
  3. The constant attacks by Tillman on the College caused many to doubt whether state support for the institution would continue. As a result, the enrollment numbers were not impressive, although the numbers of students taking agriculture and mechanical classes increased from 34 in 1887 to 83 in 1889.[19]
  4. Over half of the students at the College were the sons of farmers, though most did not study agriculture as Tillman wished.[13] John McLaren McBryde, President of the College, correctly predicted that most students of an agriculture college would not go back to work the farm after graduation.[13]
  5. While some students at the College were the sons of the well-to-do, the majority were poor.[14]
  6. The College farm added 100 acres (0.4 km2) in 1887, just one mile from campus.[20]

Clemson's will

Tillman was bolstered in 1886 when Thomas Green Clemson agreed to will his Fort Hill estate for the establishment of an agriculture college.[21] Yet, Tillman did not want to wait until Clemson died to start a separate agriculture college so he pushed the General Assembly to use the Morrill funds and Hatch funds for that purpose.[22] Instead, the legislature gave those funds to the South Carolina College in 1887 which would use them along with a greater state appropriation to reorganize itself as the second University of South Carolina and to also greatly expand the agriculture department.[23] After this victory for South Carolina, in January 1888 Tillman wrote a letter to the News and Courier that he was retiring from public life.[24][25]

Political factions in the 1880s
Tillmanites Conservatives
Favored college Clemson South Carolina
Figurehead leader Benjamin Tillman Wade Hampton III
Political ideology Agrarian populism Conservatism
Base of support The Upstate; rural Statewide; urban
Confederate service 50.0%[26] 79.1%[26]

It was less than ninety days when Tillman reemerged on the scene upon the death of Thomas Green Clemson in April 1888.[27] Tillman advocated that the state accept the gift by Clemson, but the Conservatives in power opposed the move and an all out war for power in the state commenced. The opening salvo was fired by Gideon Lee, the father of Clemson's granddaughter and John C. Calhoun's great granddaughter Floride Isabella Lee, who wrote a letter on her behalf to the News and Courier in May that she was being denied as Calhoun's rightful heir.[28] Furthermore, he stated that Clemson was egotistical and "only wanted to erect a monument to his own name."[28] In November, Lee filed a lawsuit in Federal Court to contest the will which ultimately ruled against him in May of 1889.

The election of 1888 afforded Tillman an opportunity to convince the politicians to accept the Clemson bequest or face the possibility of being voted out of office. He demanded that the Democratic party nominate its candidates by the primary system, which was denied, but they did accept his request that the candidates for statewide office canvass the state.[29] Tillman proved excellent on the stump, by far superior than his Conservative opponents, and as the Democratic convention neared there was a clear groundswell of support for the acceptance of Clemson's estate.[30] He was so effective because of his "ability to awaken popular passion and prejudice" when the populace by and large mistook "prejudice for truth, passion for reason, and invective for documentation."[29] Tillman pitted "the poor against the rich, tenant against landowner, hireling against employer, country against town, all of South Carolina against Charleston and Columbia, upcountry against lowcountry, white against black, do-somethings against do-nothings, and outs against those in power" so that "he could rile them up and then appear as their champion."[31] In addition, the Conservative leadership was aging and its appeal to the past glories of South Carolina during the antebellum period meant little to the emerging younger generation.[32]

Bequest barely wins support

Tillman explained his justification for an independently controlled agriculture college by pointing to the mismanagement and political interference of the University of South Carolina as had occurred during Reconstruction. The agriculture college, as specified in Clemson's will, was to be privately controlled and thus would be able to prevent any "possible invasion by the negroes".[33] With declining cotton prices, Tillman preyed upon the farmer's desperation by stating that the salaries of the college professors were exorbitant and it must be a sign of corruption.[34] Consequently, the legislature was compelled to pass the bill to accept Clemson's bequest in December of 1888, albeit with the tie-breaking vote in the state Senate from Lieutenant Governor William L. Mauldin.[28] Thus was reborn the antagonistic feelings of regional bitterness and class division that would plague the state for decades.[35]

Having achieved his agriculture college, Tillman was not content to sit idly by because what he really desired was power and political office.[36] After winning the 1890 election and becoming Governor, Tillman renewed the attacks on the Conservatives and those who had thwarted his agriculture college. He saved the coup de grâce for Senator Wade Hampton III, a South Carolina College graduate and Confederate General during the Civil War, who "invoked Confederate service and honor as a barrier to Tillmanism."[37] Tillman directed the legislature to defeat Hampton's renomination for another term in December of 1890, thereby finishing what Sherman had left undone in 1865.[37][38]

While campaigning for Governor in 1890, Tillman leveled his harshest criticism towards the University of South Carolina and threatened to close it along with The Citadel, which he called a "dude factory."[39] Despite the rhetoric, Tillman only succeeded in reorganizing the University of South Carolina into a liberal arts college while in office.[40] It would eventually be rechartered for the last time in 1906 as the University of South Carolina. However, Clemson Agricultural College held sway over the state legislature for decades and was generally the more popular college during the first half of the 20th century in South Carolina.[41]

Role reversal

After World War II, the long held perceptions of the two schools switched. Whereas South Carolina was viewed as an elitist institution for much of its existence, it opened its doors to every qualified veteran and later encouraged minority enrollment. Clemson on the other hand, claimed to have been founded for the common man, sought to restrict entrance to veterans returning from the war and has a substantially lower percentage of minorities in its student body.[citation needed] Thus the University of South Carolina was able to achieve exponential growth as a result and reclaim the status as the most popular institution of higher education in South Carolina, a status it retains to this day.[42]

South Carolina College Enrollment
South Carolina College Enrollment

In the 1950s, the University of South Carolina expanded its reach across the state by establishing branch campuses under the auspices of the University of South Carolina System.[43] Clemson, having obtained university status in 1964, tried to compete with this network in the 1960s by establishing branch campuses in Greenville and Sumter. House Speaker Sol Blatt was alarmed by the spread of Clemson and declared that USC "should build as many two year colleges over the state as rapidly as possible to prevent the expansion of Clemson schools for the Clemson people."[44] Accordingly, the University of South Carolina began a new wave of expansion across the state and was aided by the fact that the Clemson extensions never proved popular. In 1973, USC acquired the Clemson campus at Sumter due to disappointing enrollment numbers[45] and Clemson's Greenville campus would return to its independent status as Greenville Tech.[46]

Continued hostilities

Respective achievements are never acknowledged in this family feud. The turf issues are overlapping and complicated. Competitions on the ballfields become cathartic experiences, as many of these rivals carry the virulence of yesteryear. "There’s a history of bad blood between these institutions," says Jay McCormick, a doctoral candidate at USC. "So when athletics came to Carolina and to Clemson, it was natural that they should be a rivalry. The rivalry extends back to political and social origins. It’s not just an athletic rivalry. It’s a manifestation of these things."[47]

Football

Series Originated 1896
Overall Record Clemson leads, 65-37-4
Clemson logo South Carolina logo
Clemson (65)
1897 1898 1899
1900 1909 1910
1911 1913 1914
1916 1917 1918
1919 1922 1923
1927 1928 1929
1930 1934 1935
1936 1937 1938
1939 1940 1942
1944 1948 1955
1956 1957 1959
1960 1962 1963
1966 1967 1971
1972 1974 1976
1977 1978 1980
1981 1982 1983
1985 1988 1989
1990 1991 1993
1995 1997 1998
1999 2000 2002
2003 2004 2005
2007 2008 		South Carolina (37)
1896 1902 1912
1920 1921 1924
1925 1926 1931
1932 1933 1941
1943 1946 1947
1949 1951 1952
1953 1954 1958
1961 1964 1965
1968 1969 1970
1973 1975 1979
1984 1987 1992
1994 1996 2001
2006
Ties (4)
1915 1945 1950 1986

The annual Carolina-Clemson football game (sometimes dubbed The Battle of the Palmetto State) is the longest uninterrupted series in the South and the third longest uninterrupted series overall, having been played every year since 1909.[48] The universities maintain college football stadiums in excess of 80,000 seats each, placing both in the top 18 in the United States.[49] Clemson leads the football series 65-37-4, but approximately forty games have been decided by a touchdown or less. Clemson has more wins against South Carolina than any other program,[50] and South Carolina is third behind Georgia Tech and Georgia in most wins against Clemson.[51]

Every year, each school engages in a ritual involving the other team's mascot. South Carolina holds the "Tiger Burn", and Clemson holds a mock funeral for Cocky. After 7 students (6 from USC, 1 from Clemson) died in the Ocean Isle Beach house fire in 2007, the Cocky funeral was cancelled and the Tiger Burn was changed to the "Tiger Tear Down" for that year.[52][53][54]

Early Years: 1896-1902

When Clemson began its football program in 1896, coached by Walter Riggs, they scheduled the rival South Carolina College for a Thursday morning game in conjunction with the State Fair. Carolina won that game 12-6 and a new tradition was born — Big Thursday.

The Gamecock mascot made its first appearance in 1902. In that first season as the Gamecocks, Carolina defeated a highly favored Clemson team coached by the legendary John Heisman 12-6. But it was the full-scale riot that broke out in the wake of the game that’s remembered most.

"The Carolina fans that week were carrying around a poster with the image of a tiger with a gamecock standing on top of it, holding the tiger’s tail as if he was steering the tiger by the tail," says Jay McCormick. "Naturally, the Clemson guys didn’t take too kindly to that, and on Wednesday and again on Thursday, there were sporadic fistfights involving brass knuckles and other objects and so forth, some of which resulted, according to the newspapers, in blood being spilled and persons having to seek medical assistance. After the game on Thursday, the Clemson guys frankly told the Carolina students that if you bring this poster, which is insulting to us, to the big parade on Friday, you’re going to be in trouble. And naturally, of course, the Carolina students brought the poster to the parade. If you give someone an ultimatum and they’re your rival, they’re going to do exactly what you told them not to do."[47]

As expected, another brawl broke out before both sides agreed to mutually burn the poster in an effort to diffuse tensions. The immediate aftermath resulted in the stoppage of the rivalry until 1909. The Carolina-Clemson game has been played every year since.

World War II era

World War II produced one of the most bizarre situations in the history of the rivalry. Cary Cox, a football player of the victorious Clemson squad in 1942, signed up for the V-12 program in 1943 and was placed at USC. The naval instructors at Carolina ordered him to play on the football team and he was named the captain for the Big Thursday game against Clemson. Cox was reluctant to play against his former teammates and he voiced his concerns to coach Lt. James P. Moran who responded "Cox, I can't promise you'll get a Navy commission if you play Thursday, but I can damn well promise that you won't get one if you don't play!"[55] Cox then went out and led the Carolina team to a 33-6 win against Clemson. He returned to Clemson after the war and captained the 1947 team in a losing effort to Carolina, but Cox earned his place in history as the only player to captain both schools' football teams.

The 1946 game could be the most chaotic in the football series. Counterfeit tickets were sold, and fans with legitimate and fake tickets were not allowed inside once the stadium filled, so many fans stormed the gates and were eventually allowed to stand along the sidelines of the field. To add to the wild scene, a Clemson fan strangled a live chicken at midfield during halftime. It took U.S. Secretary of State James F. Byrnes, who attended the game along with Strom Thurmond, to settle down the hostile crowd. Carolina won the game 26-14.

Modern Era - Post WWII

1961: The Prank
In 1961, the USC fraternity Sigma Nu pulled what some have called the greatest prank in the rivalry's history. A few minutes before Clemson football players entered the field for pre-game warm ups, a group of Sigma Nu fraternity members ran onto the field, jumping up and down and cheering in football uniforms that resembled the ones worn by the Tigers. This caused the Clemson band to start playing "Tiger Rag," which was followed by the pranksters falling down as they attempted to do calisthenics. They would also do football drills where guys would drop passes and miss the ball when trying to kick it... Clemson fans quickly realized that they had been tricked, and some of them angrily ran onto the field. However, security restored order before any blows could be exchanged. Carolina won the game 21-14, although Clemson was on the Gamecock one-yard-line when time expired.

1975: Most Points Scored by Carolina
On November 22, 1975, Carolina defeated Clemson 56-20 to set a Gamecock record for most points scored in a football game against the Tigers.

1977: "The Catch"
On November 19, 1977, Clemson WR Jerry Butler made a diving, backwards, 20-yard touchdown reception on a pass from QB Steve Fuller with 49 seconds left in the fourth quarter to give Clemson the 31-27 victory in Columbia. This play is known as "The Catch" and is one of the most memorable plays in the rivalry.

1980: Orange Pants
In the last regular season game for the 1980 season, a heavily favored Carolina team traveled to Death Valley to take on the Tigers. In a surprise to both the players and the fans, Coach Danny Ford unveiled new orange uniform pants for the Tigers to wear. This was the first time in Clemson's history that they wore orange pants in any combination for a football game. Inspired by the pants, the underdog Tigers defeated the Gamecocks, 27-6.

1981: Clemson wins a National Championship
In 1981, Clemson defeated Carolina 29-13 en route to the National Championship. The next year, Clemson was placed on probation by the NCAA as a result of major infractions leading up to the National Championship season.

1987: Highest Ranked Match-Up
On November 21, 1987, with the highest combined rankings of the two football programs entering the game (the Gamecocks were No. 12 and the Tigers were No. 8), Carolina beat Clemson 20-7 on national television (ESPN).

2000: "The Catch II"/"The Push-Off"
In 2000, Trailing late in the game 14-13, Clemson quarterback Woody Dantzler connected with wide-receiver Rod Gardner for a 50-yard reception to South Carolina's 8-yard line with 10 seconds remaining. Carolina fans point to a replay that seems to show Gardner pushing off the Gamecock defender, but Clemson fans contend that the contact was mutual and incidental.[56] No penalty flag was thrown on the play, leaving Clemson kicker Aaron Hunt to kick a 25-yard field goal that gave Clemson a 16-14 win. Clemson fans remember this game as "The Catch II" while Carolina fans call it "The Push-Off Game".

2003: Most Points Scored by Clemson
In 2003, Clemson defeated Carolina 63-17, and Clemson's 63 points are the most scored by either team in the series. Interestingly, South Carolina was a slight favorite according to oddsmakers.

2004: The Brawl
The South Carolina-Clemson brawl during the 2004 football game is the most recent eruption of hostilities in this rivalry. It is also the last time Lou Holtz coached, having retired shortly thereafter. Clemson won the game 29-7. Each team had won a total of six games that year and were technically bowl eligible. However, both schools elected to forfeit their postseason because of the shameful nature of the fight.

2005: A Quarterback Wins 4
In 2005 the two teams showed an unusual gesture of sportsmanship by meeting at midfield before the game to shake hands, putting the melee of 2004 behind them. Clemson won this game 13-9, marking quarterback Charlie Whitehurst's 4th win versus the Gamecocks, which is the first time a starting quarterback from either team notched four wins against the other team.

Baseball

Series Leader Series Record Last Meeting Winner Location Score
Clemson 165-120-2 4/22/2009 Clemson Carolina Stadium • Columbia, SC 12-2

In Baseball, the teams compete four times during the regular season, and each game almost always affects the national rankings since both teams are historically ranked among the top teams in college baseball.. They both consistently qualify for the NCAA playoffs and frequently earn berths to the College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska.

Notable Match-ups

2002 College World Series
In the 2002 College World Series, the teams met in the semifinals with the Tigers needing only one win to move on to the championship game. Clemson had already won three out of four regular season games against Carolina and was 2-0 in the World Series at the time. However, the Gamecocks beat their rivals soundly, 12-4, and then beat the Tigers again, 10-2, the following day to advance to the national championship game. It is the only time the two athletic programs have met with a shot at the national title on the line. The Gamecocks fell to Texas 12-6 in the championship game;[57] this was before the current format of a best two out of three title series had been instituted.

Other Varsity Sports

Men's Teams

Sport Leader Series Record Last Meeting Winner Location Score
Basketball South Carolina 86-73 12/30/08 Clemson Colonial Life Arena • Columbia, SC 98-87
Soccer Clemson 22-13-1 8/29/08 South Carolina Stone Stadium • Columbia, SC 2-0
Swimming & Diving South Carolina 33-10 10/31/08 South Carolina Carolina Natatorium • Columbia, SC 178-119
Tennis South Carolina 59-39-2 3/25/09 South Carolina Sam Daniel Tennis Center • Columbia, SC 6-1
  • Carolina does not sponsor Men's Cross Country.
  • Men's Golf and Men's Track & Field teams do not compete head-to-head.

Women's Teams

Sport Leader Series Record Last Meeting Winner Location Score
Basketball Clemson 32-22 11/19/08 Clemson Colonial Life Arena • Columbia, SC 52-45
Soccer Clemson 10-4 9/5/08 South Carolina Stone Stadium • Columbia, SC 1-0
Swimming & Diving South Carolina 17-13 10/31/08 South Carolina Carolina Natatorium • Columbia, SC 171-128
Tennis Tied 22-22 2/22/09 Clemson Clemson Indoor Tennis Center • Clemson, SC 5-2
Volleyball South Carolina 35-20 8/28/09 South Carolina Jervey Gymnasium • Clemson, SC 3-2
  • Carolina does not sponsor Women's Rowing.
  • Clemson does not sponsor Women's Equestrian, Women's Golf, Women's Lacrosse, or Softball. (Carolina won the only meeting of the Softball teams.)
  • Women's Cross Country and Women's Track and Field teams do not compete head-to-head.

Blood drive

Series Originated 1985
Overall Record Clemson leads, 14-11
Clemson logo South Carolina logo
Clemson (14)
1985 1986 1988
1989 1990 1991
1992 1994 1995
1996 1997 2000
2006 2007 		South Carolina (11)
1987 1993 1998
1999 2000 2001
2002 2003 2004
2005 2008

The rivalry extends beyond sports to the annual blood drive between the two schools. Students, faculty and fans from the schools band together in an effort to collect blood before the holiday season when many are too busy to give blood. The blood drive is held from Monday through Friday the week before the football matchup. 2008 marks the 24th occurrence of the blood drive, having collected a total of 76,749 units of blood (through 2007), enough to save approximately 230,000 lives.[58] Clemson leads the drive 14-10, with South Carolina winning the most recent drive in 2008 with 4039 pints versus Clemson's 3351 pints of blood.[59] With 7,390 units of blood combined, this breaks the former record of 6,692 units, set the previous year. The blood drive is sponsored by the American Red Cross at the University of South Carolina and the Gamma Lambda chapter of the Alpha Phi Omega national service fraternity at Clemson.[60] Everyone who gives blood receives a free shirt, with the graphic on the back usually featuring a Tiger and Gamecock together and a statement explaining that even though the competition is part of the rivalry, both schools share the common ground of giving blood.[61][62]

See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. ^ Traditions :: Clemson Tigers - Official Athletic Site
  2. ^ University of South Carolina Official Athletic Site - Traditions
  3. ^ USC Equestrian Wins Second National Championship :: Hunt Seat earns third consecutive national title
  4. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1951), University of South Carolina, vol. I, University of South Carolina Press, p. 18
  5. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1951), University of South Carolina, vol. I, University of South Carolina Press, pp. 212–225
  6. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 32
  7. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 79
  8. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 89
  9. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 102
  10. ^ Ball, William Watts (1932). The State That Forgot; South Carolina's Surrender to Democracy. The Bobbs-Merrill Company. p. 210.
  11. ^ a b c d Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 134
  12. ^ Ball, William Watts (1932). The State That Forgot; South Carolina's Surrender to Democracy. The Bobbs-Merrill Company. p. 212.
  13. ^ a b c Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 138
  14. ^ a b Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 152
  15. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 135
  16. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 139
  17. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 140
  18. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, pp. 139–140
  19. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 150
  20. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 146
  21. ^ Simkins, Francis Butler (2002). Pitchfork Ben Tillman. University of South Carolina Press. p. 122.
  22. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 143
  23. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 144
  24. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 148
  25. ^ Ball, William Watts (1932). The State That Forgot; South Carolina's Surrender to Democracy. The Bobbs-Merrill Company. p. 215.
  26. ^ a b Cooper, William (2005). The Conservative Regime: South Carolina, 1877-1890. University of South Carolina Press. p. 212. ISBN 1-57003-597-0.
  27. ^ Simkins, Francis Butler (1964). The Tillman movement in South Carolina. Duke University Press. p. 84.
  28. ^ a b c Cooper, William (2005). The Conservative Regime: South Carolina, 1877-1890. University of South Carolina Press. p. 164. ISBN 1-57003-597-0.
  29. ^ a b Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 151
  30. ^ Cooper, William (2005). The Conservative Regime: South Carolina, 1877-1890. University of South Carolina Press. p. 163. ISBN 1-57003-597-0.
  31. ^ Edgar, Walter B. (1998). South Carolina: A History. University of South Carolina Press. p. 438.
  32. ^ Cooper, William (2005). The Conservative Regime: South Carolina, 1877-1890. University of South Carolina Press. p. 205. ISBN 1-57003-597-0.
  33. ^ Ball, William Watts (1932). The State That Forgot; South Carolina's Surrender to Democracy. The Bobbs-Merrill Company. p. 215.
  34. ^ Ball, William Watts (1932). The State That Forgot; South Carolina's Surrender to Democracy. The Bobbs-Merrill Company. p. 209.
  35. ^ Cooper, William (2005). The Conservative Regime: South Carolina, 1877-1890. University of South Carolina Press. p. 167. ISBN 1-57003-597-0.
  36. ^ Edgar, Walter B. (1998). South Carolina: A History. University of South Carolina Press. p. 437.
  37. ^ a b Cooper, William (2005). The Conservative Regime: South Carolina, 1877-1890. University of South Carolina Press. p. 206. ISBN 1-57003-597-0.
  38. ^ Hollis, Daniel Walker (1956), University of South Carolina, vol. II, University of South Carolina Press, p. 157
  39. ^ Edgar, Walter B. (1998). South Carolina: A History. University of South Carolina Press. pp. 437, 439.
  40. ^ Edgar, Walter B. (1998). South Carolina: A History. University of South Carolina Press. p. 439.
  41. ^ Lesesne, Henry H. (2001). A History of the University of South Carolina, 1940-2000. University of South Carolina Press. p. 3.
  42. ^ Lesesne, Henry H. (2001). A History of the University of South Carolina, 1940-2000. University of South Carolina Press. p. 41.
  43. ^ Lesesne, Henry H. (2001). A History of the University of South Carolina, 1940-2000. University of South Carolina Press. p. 109.
  44. ^ Lesesne, Henry H. (2001). A History of the University of South Carolina, 1940-2000. University of South Carolina Press. p. 178.
  45. ^ <http://www.uscsumter.edu/about/history.shtml>
  46. ^ <http://www.gvltec.edu/about_greenvilletech/history.html>
  47. ^ a b Metrobeat.Net
  48. ^ NCAA football records, p. 111.
  49. ^ NCAA football records, p. 118.
  50. ^ South Carolina all-opponent record 1869-2006
  51. ^ Clemson all-opponent record 1869-2006
  52. ^ http://media.www.dailygamecock.com/media/storage/paper247/news/2007/11/14/News/Tiger.Burn.Comes.Under.Fire-3098917.shtml
  53. ^ http://www.clemson.edu/newsroom/articles/2008/november/Black_Friday.php5
  54. ^ http://media.www.dailygamecock.com/media/storage/paper247/news/2007/11/15/News/Tiger.Burn.Update-3102793.shtml
  55. ^ Lesesne, Henry H. (2001). A History of the University of South Carolina, 1940-2000. University of South Carolina Press. p. 27.
  56. ^ ESPN video
  57. ^ South Carolina Baseball Media Guide 2007, p. 111.
  58. ^ http://www.greenvilleonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2008811150303
  59. ^ http://media.www.dailygamecock.com/media/storage/paper247/news/2008/11/24/News/Blood.Drive.Results-3559113.shtml
  60. ^ http://www.clemsonapo.org
  61. ^ http://uscnews.sc.edu/2008/11112008-STUD_Web062.html
  62. ^ http://www.clemson.edu/newsroom/articles/2008/november/blood_drive.php5
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