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'''''Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814''''' is the fourth studio album by American recording artist [[Janet Jackson]], released on September 19, 1989 by [[A&M Records]]. Despite demands from A&M executives for material similar to her previous album ''[[Control (Janet Jackson album)|Control]]'' (1986), Jackson insisted on creating a [[concept album]] addressing social injustice. Collaborating with her producers [[Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis]], she drew inspiration from news media, exploring subject matter such as racism, poverty and substance abuse. Although critics viewed the album's theme as transparent, she was hailed as a role model for youth because of her socially conscious lyrics.
'''''Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814''''' is the fourth studio album by American recording artist [[Janet Jackson]], released on September 19, 1989 by [[A&M Records]]. Despite demands from A&M executives for material similar to her previous album ''[[Control (Janet Jackson album)|Control]]'' (1986), Jackson insisted on creating a [[concept album]] addressing social injustice. Collaborating with her producers [[Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis]], she drew inspiration from news media, exploring subject matter such as racism, poverty and substance abuse. Although critics viewed the album's theme as transparent, she was hailed as a role model for youth because of her socially conscious lyrics.


Produced during the height of the [[new jack swing]] genre, the album blends [[rhythm and blues]] with [[funk]], [[industrial music]] and the utilization of [[swung note|swing note]], [[Synthesizer|synthesized]] percussion and [[Sampling (music)|sample loop]]. Songs on the album range from mechanized dance rhythms to soft balladry. Due to its innovative production and lyrical exploration, critics have regarded the album as the pinnacle of Jackson's artistic achievement. The supporting [[Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour]] became the world's most successful debut concert tour by a recording artist.
Produced during the height of the [[new jack swing]] genre, the album blends [[rhythm and blues]] with [[funk]], [[industrial music]] and the utilization of [[swung note|swing note]], [[Synthesizer|synthesized]] percussion and [[Sampling (music)|sample loop]]. Songs on the album range from mechanized dance rhythms to soft balladry. Due to its innovative production and lyrical exploration, critics have regarded the album as the pinnacle of Jackson's artistic achievement. The supporting [[Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour]] became the world's most successful debut concert tour by a recording artist. Featuring more songs than a standard 10 or 12-song album, interludes between songs and a variety of musical styles, the album is Jackson's first album to employ the concept of "search" -- a style of album she would continue to make thereafter.


It became her second consecutive album to hit number one on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. Its seven commercial singles—"[[Miss You Much]]", "[[Rhythm Nation]]", "[[Escapade (song)|Escapade]]", "[[Alright (Janet Jackson song)|Alright]]", "[[Come Back to Me (Janet Jackson song)|Come Back to Me]]", "[[Black Cat (song)|Black Cat]]", and "[[Love Will Never Do (Without You)]]"—all peaked within the top five on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], becoming the first and only album to achieve that feat; it is the only album in history to chart number one hits in three separate calendar years. It has been [[RIAA certification|certified]] sixfold platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA) and has sold over fourteen million copies worldwide. It has been named by ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine as one of [[The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time]] and is listed in ''[[1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die]]''.
It became her second consecutive album to hit number one on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. Its seven commercial singles—"[[Miss You Much]]", "[[Rhythm Nation]]", "[[Escapade (song)|Escapade]]", "[[Alright (Janet Jackson song)|Alright]]", "[[Come Back to Me (Janet Jackson song)|Come Back to Me]]", "[[Black Cat (song)|Black Cat]]", and "[[Love Will Never Do (Without You)]]"—all peaked within the top five on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], becoming the first and only album to achieve that feat; it is the only album in history to chart number one hits in three separate calendar years. It has been [[RIAA certification|certified]] sixfold platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA) and has sold over fourteen million copies worldwide. It has been named by ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine as one of [[The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time]] and is listed in ''[[1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die]]''.

Revision as of 07:07, 7 December 2009

Untitled

Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 is the fourth studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson, released on September 19, 1989 by A&M Records. Despite demands from A&M executives for material similar to her previous album Control (1986), Jackson insisted on creating a concept album addressing social injustice. Collaborating with her producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, she drew inspiration from news media, exploring subject matter such as racism, poverty and substance abuse. Although critics viewed the album's theme as transparent, she was hailed as a role model for youth because of her socially conscious lyrics.

Produced during the height of the new jack swing genre, the album blends rhythm and blues with funk, industrial music and the utilization of swing note, synthesized percussion and sample loop. Songs on the album range from mechanized dance rhythms to soft balladry. Due to its innovative production and lyrical exploration, critics have regarded the album as the pinnacle of Jackson's artistic achievement. The supporting Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour became the world's most successful debut concert tour by a recording artist. Featuring more songs than a standard 10 or 12-song album, interludes between songs and a variety of musical styles, the album is Jackson's first album to employ the concept of "search" -- a style of album she would continue to make thereafter.

It became her second consecutive album to hit number one on the Billboard 200. Its seven commercial singles—"Miss You Much", "Rhythm Nation", "Escapade", "Alright", "Come Back to Me", "Black Cat", and "Love Will Never Do (Without You)"—all peaked within the top five on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the first and only album to achieve that feat; it is the only album in history to chart number one hits in three separate calendar years. It has been certified sixfold platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and has sold over fourteen million copies worldwide. It has been named by Rolling Stone magazine as one of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time and is listed in 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Conception

Following the commercial and critical success of her 1986 album Control, Jackson was motivated to continue songwriting and took a larger role in the creative production of her new album.[10] Executives at A&M requested she expand on the ideas presented on Control. They suggested a concept album entitled Scandal that would have been about the Jackson family. Jackson wrote a song titled "You Need Me", which was directed at her father Joseph, but was unwilling to devote an entire album to the subject and substituted her own concept for theirs.[11]

Producer James "Jimmy Jam" Harris recalled: "We would always have a TV turned on, usually to CNN ... And I think the social slant of songs like Rhythm Nation, State of the World and The Knowledge came from that...I remember we all came to work the day of that schoolyard shooting in Stockton, Calif., and it was very heavy on our minds. That's where a song like Living in a World (They Didn't Make) fits in. It says that kids aren't responsible for what the adults have done."[2] Jackson was also inspired by reports of youth-based communities throughout New York City, which were formed as a means of creating a common identity. She stated: "I thought it would be great if we could create our own nation ... one that would have a positive message and that everyone would be free to join."[11] Although protest songs were commonplace among rap artists in the late 1980s, the concept was rare within other genres. Alex Henderson of Allmusic suggests Jackson adopted the embodiment of classic rap by addressing social concerns on her fourth album.[1]

The album's title is a composite of Jackson's pledge, "We are a nation with no geographic boundaries, bound together through our beliefs. We are like-minded individuals, sharing a common vision, pushing toward a world rid of color-lines" and her creed, "Music, Poetry, Dance, Unity".[12] The use of the number "1814" is twofold. The first being 'R' (Rhythm) is the 18th letter of the alphabet and 'N' (Nation) the 14th. The second, Jackson explained, is that "[w]hile writing [Rhythm Nation] I was kidding around, saying, 'God, you guys, I feel like this could be the national anthem for the '90s' ... Just by a crazy chance we decided to look up when Francis Scott Key wrote the national anthem (the Star-Spangled Banner), and it was September 14, 1814."[13] Jackson also commented: "I'm not naive—I know an album or a song can't change the world. I just want my music and my dance to catch the audience's attention, and to hold it long enough for them to listen to the lyrics and what we're saying. Hopefully that will inspire them, make them want to join hands ... and make some sort of difference.[14]

Composition and production

The New York Times music critic Jon Pareles described the album as having a multi-radio format, containing songs that appeal to a wide variety of radio airplay, including top 40, mainstream rock, quiet storm, and Adult Contemporary (AC).[4] Like its predecessor Control, the album is a construct of rhythm and blues, rap, funk and synthesized percussion. Pareles commented: "The pleasures of 'Rhythm Nation' come from technique—the sudden sputters of drum-machine triplets, the richness of electronic sounds meshed with vocals ... Most of the music was made on synthesizers and samplers, and there's no attempt to disguise the artificial timbres of drums, tape loops and sampled guitars."[4] This style of music was coined new jack swing in 1987 by Teddy Riley. In The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950-1999 (2006) musicologist Richard J. Ripani describes Riley as "probably the most important innovator of this style."[15] However, Ripani observes that Riley was likely influenced by Jackson's single "Nasty" from Control, arguing "[s]ince Jackson's album was released in 1986 and was hugely successful, it is not unreasonable to assume that it had at least some impact on the new jack swing creations of Teddy Riley."[15]

"Rhythm Nation"
The use of sample loop and triplet swing are present, while vocals for the song are alternatively sung in octaves or rapped in spoken verse.
"Black Cat"
Recorded using a mixture of rockman and Marshall amplifier to give it a heavy metal sound.
Problems playing these files? See media help.

The use of sample loop, triplet swing, rap vocals and blues notes are present in the album's title-track "Rhythm Nation".[15] It samples a single measure of "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)" performed by Sly & the Family Stone, which became the basic background loop for the song.[15] Vocals are alternatively sung in octaves or rapped in spoken verse. Ripani wrote that "Rhythm Nation" articulates the broad spectrum of rhythm and blues music, noting its significance to the development of R&B in the early 1990s.[15] "Escapade" was inspired by the Martha & the Vandellas 1965 single "Nowhere to Run", which Jackson originally intended to remake, but instead choose to record a new song with a similar feel after a suggestion from producer Jimmy Jam.[16] "Black Cat" departed from Jackson's typical musical style, being the sole rock production of the album.[17] Jackson was inspired to write a song about a young man who was suffering from substance abuse and asked Jimmy Jam for his assistance in writing the chorus and verse.[17] Once the initial track was established, Jam suggested Jackson speak to Jellybean Johnson to produce the song as he was a "closet rock-and-roller."[17] Johnson later confirmed his love of heavy metal guitar and agreed to produce the song.[17] Johnson asked David Barry, who had worked on Jackson's previous album Control, to play guitar for "Black Cat".[17] To give the song a heavy metal feel, it was recorded using a mixture of rockman and Marshall amplifier.[17]

The album was produced by James "Jimmy Jam" Harris III and Terry Lewis, with co-production credit given to Jackson.[18] A&M executive John McCain served as the album's executive producer.[18] Complete lyrics were included in the album. All of the tracks were recorded and mixed at Flyte Tyme productions studio in Minneapolis, Minnesota from mainly January to May 1989, production started on the album in late September 1988. Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis also penned or co-wrote the songs with Janet Jackson, as well as arranging and programming the music, and playing much of the instrumental tracks.[18] The background vocals for "Love Will Never Do (Without You)" and "Miss You Much", both penned by Jam and Lewis, were recorded in late 1988 prior to Jackson recording the lead vocals in 1989.[19] The song "Black Cat" was written solely by Jackson and was produced by Jellybean Johnson; it was the final song to be recorded on the album.[20] Total production time for the album was seven months.[14] On the album's interior, Jackson dedicated the album to her mother, Katherine Jackson.

Release and promotion

When A&M released the album's lead single "Miss You Much" to radio in August, 1989, the label issued a press statement announcing "[s]ocial themes run throughout much of the material" on Jackson's fourth studio album.[21] A 30-minute long-form music video, Rhythm Nation 1814—referred to as a "telemusical", featuring a compilation of the album's songs—was produced to promote the album, which aired on MTV prior to release.[22] The film project had a budget of $1.6 million.[23] Jackson worked with director Dominic Sena, executive video producer René Elizondo, Jr., and production designer Vance Lorenzini.[2] Jackson and Sena developed a full screenplay centered around two boys who's dreams of pursuing a music career together are ruined because one of them becomes a victim of substance abuse.[2] Shot on location in Los Angeles, Sena referred to the shoot as the "1814 Project" to keep the general public unaware Jackson was filming on the streets of LA. He also revealed: "Her brother Michael came by one day, but it was purely on a personal level. He didn't come onto the set. He saw some rough cuts of what we were doing, and remarked that he liked them, but he never interfered. He knew this was Janet's project."[2] Jefferson Graham of USA Today commented: "Michael Jackson's kid sister is taking her brother's approach to video ... Like Michael, she dances up a storm in the moody black and white video's three songs—Miss You Much, Rhythm Nation and The Knowledge—wears military-like attire and plays the role of a mystical figure to young kids."[23] Jon Pareles remarked it "juxtaposes her dance routines with grim urban imagery and a plot line about drugs versus dreams; it's like a sequel to Michael Jackson's Bad video."[4] Gender and Qualitative Methods (2003) documents: "The choreography suggests self-control and military discipline ... The factory environment, the balck-and-white scenery and the choreography hinting at Asian martial arts, underline the atmosphere of remorselessness determination."[24]

Released on September 19, 1989, the album steadily rose to the number one position on the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.[25] It remained at number one on the Bllboard 200 for four consecutive weeks and sold three million copies within the first four months of its release.[14] In November, 1989, the Recording Industry Association of America certified the album gold, denoting 500,000 unit shipments within the United States.[26] This number rose to a platinum certification, denoting 1,000,000 units and double platinum by the end of the year.[26] By the end of 1992, it was certified sixfold platinum by the RIAA.[26] Since its debut, the album has sold over fourteen million copies worldwide.[27] The film was released to VHS in October, 1989, and re-issued as Rhythm Nation 1814 compilation in November, 1990, following the release of the album's final single; the re-issue features all music videos produced for the album.[28] Both versions of the video release earned double platinum certification by the RIAA.[29] The film has sold over four million copies worldwide.[30]

The lead single "Miss You Much" became the first of four to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100. The single hit number one in October, 1989, and topped the chart for four weeks.[31] It also topped the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Dance Club Songs.[32] The single was certified platinum by the RIAA in November, 1989.[33] According to Radio & Records magazine, "Miss You Much" was the number one radio hit of 1989.[14] The album's second single and title-track, "Rhythm Nation", peaked at number two on the Hot 100, kept from the number one position by Phil Collins "Another Day in Paradise".[20] Stephen Holden of The New York Times referred to the song as "[a] militantly utopian dance-floor exhortation ... the song calls for racial harmony and cooperative struggle to create a better, stronger world."[34] It also topped the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Dance Club Songs and earned gold certification by the RIAA in January, 1990.[32][33] "Escapade" became the second single to top the Hot 100, in addition to reaching number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Dance Club Songs.[32] It was certified gold in May, 1990.[33]

"Alright" peaked at number four on the Hot 100, at number two on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and became the forth and final single to top the Hot Dance Club Songs.[32] It was certified gold in June, 1990.[33] In the corresponding music video for "Alright", Jackson pays homage to early 20th century Broadway theatre; cameo appearances are made by Cab Calloway and Cyd Charisse.[35] "Come Back to Me" peaked at number two on the Hot 100. "Black Cat" reached number one on October 27, 1990, six weeks after its debut on September 15, 1990, and was certified gold on November 13, 1990.[17][33] "Love Will Never Do (Without You)" became the seventh and final single to be released off the album on November 6, 1990; it rose to number one on January 19, 1991, topping the chart for one week.[19] The single was certified gold on February 12, 1991.[33] "State of the World" was released on radio airplay but not as a commercial single, as A&M executives felt the album would garner high sales if there was a song receiving airplay that was not commercially available.[19]

Critical reception

The album received predominantly positive reviews for its musical production, with a mixed reaction on Jackson's choice to dedicate the album to social and political themes.[10] Jon Pareles of The New York Times commented: "Her motives may be sincere; the results are unconvincing."[4] Comparing her creation of a concept album to Dark Side of the Moon (1973) by Pink Floyd and Appetite for Destruction (1987) by Guns N' Roses, he states, "the album becomes a cause without a rebellion."[4] Though unmoved by the album's theme, he compliments its musical formula, stating: "The tone of the music is airless, sealing out imprecision and reveling in crisp, machine-generated rhythms; Ms. Jackson's piping voice, layered upon itself in punchy unisons or lavish harmonies, never cracks or falters."[4] Robert Christgau of The Village Voice commented "if the P-Funk pretensions of 'nation' are a little much from somebody whose knowledge of the world is based on the 6 o'clock news, the 'rhythm' is real, and I give her credit for it. Her voice is as unequal to her vaguely admonitory politics as it was to her declaration of sexual availability, but the music is the message: never before have Jam & Lewis rocked so hard for so long."[9] James Jones of USA Today commented that "the lyrics get a bit corny at times, and Jackson's thin, wispy voice lacks the punch or emotion to convincingly preach on homelessness and drugs, but the slick production of Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis keeps you dancing just the same."[36]

Vince Aletti of Rolling Stone magazine likened Jackson to a politician, "abandoning the narrow 'I' for the universal 'we' and inviting us to do the same."[5] Aletti complimented Jackson's political resolve and musical accompaniment as she "[balances] despair with optimism, anger with hope, in the currently fashionable formula," without forgetting social progress is a result of hard work.[5] San Francisco Chronicle writer Michael Snyder considered the album a worthy successor to Jackson's previous album Control, because it "adds a little sociopolitical substance to the usual high-grade hip-hop" as she "bounces between the two extremes of romance and generalized, politically correct topicality."[6] Dennis Hunt of Los Angeles Times compared Jackson to Madonna, stating that she aspires to become "the kind of dance-music queen who can also sing ballads and pop tunes. The album runs the gamut from social commentary to lusty, sensual tunes, from dance music to songs laced with jazz and Brazilian textures."[3] Steve Morse of The Boston Globe compared the album's commercial success of to that of Aerosmith, Billy Joel, and other members of the Jackson family, attributing such accomplishment to the fact that Jackson created "a dance record with a ruthlessly frank social conscience that addresses drugs, homelessness, illiteracy and teen runaways. She's reached far beyond dance music's fluffy image to unite even serious rockers and rappers who usually look the other way."[2]

The album earned five Grammy Award nominations in 1990: Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female and Best Rhythm & Blues Song for "Miss You Much", Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s) and Best Music Video, Long Form for "Rhythm Nation", and Producer of the Year, Non-Classical, winning Best Music Video.[37] The following year Jackson earned nominations for Best Rock Vocal Performance, Female for "Black Cat", and Best Rhythm & Blues Song and Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female for "Alright".[38]

Later reviewer by Alex Henderson of Allmusic criticized Jackson's "wafer-thin" voice, but commented that her soul, spirit and enthusiasm make up for the limits of her vocal range on the numerous political and non-political "gems" throughout the album.[1] Henderson describes the album as "an even higher artistic plateau" than Control, and adds: "For those purchasing their first Janet Jackson release, Rhythm Nation would be an even wiser investment than Control—and that's saying a lot."[1] Sputnikmusic's Zachary Powell stated that while her first three albums took her out of the Jackson family shadow, "Rhythm Nation put the exclamation point on her career ... The album itself is powered by the quality invested in it, top notch production from Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and a musically diverse collection of songs flowing with the natural talent Jackson possesses make for a work of many natures."[8] Eric Henderson of Slant magazine calls the album the "prefect storm that is her 1989 masterpiece."[7] He also complimented Jam and Lewis's production, stating: "Jam and Lewis's work on Rhythm Nation expanded Janet's range in every conceivable direction. She was more credibly feminine, more crucially masculine, more viably adult, more believably childlike. This was, of course, critical to a project in which Janet assumed the role of mouthpiece for a nationless, multicultural utopia. Jam and Lewis helped sell Janet's notion of a consciousness raised."[7]

Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour

Main article: Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour

The Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour became Jackson's first world concert tour in support of a studio album. She was assisted by a team of eleven musicians, back-up singers, and six dancers.[39] Anthony Thomas was selected as chief choreographer for the tour.[40] Musician and record producer Chuckii Booker was hired as Jackson's musical director; his band became the tour's opening act.[41] Reporter Doug Adrianson wrote: "Because of the inevitable comparisons with brother Michael, 32, expectations for the Rhythm Nation Tour are higher than a moonwalk. To make sure the show is suitably spectacular, Jackson and musical director Chuckii Booker rehearsed with a sizable crew for two weeks at the Pensacola Civic Centre ... the same place Michael fine-tuned his Bad tour."[41] Total production cost was an estimated $2 million dollars.[42]

The debut concert in Miami, Florida on March 1, 1990 sold out prior to the performance.[43] Music Critic Deborah Wilker remarked that "[Janet] does not present a serious threat to brother Michael, though she has proven beyond any doubt she is a formidable force in her own right."[42] She also reported on the media attention surrounding the opening concert, stating, "[t]he kick-off of this tour was a media event, with reporters and film crews from across the country on hand. In the audience was Janet's brother Jackie and mother Katherine, as well as singer Whitney Houston and producers Jam and Lewis."[42] Described as "an elaborately choreographed spectacle" by Entertainment Weekly, the tour aimed to re-create the award–winning, visually innovative music videos of Rhythm Nation 1814's numerous hit singles and those of its predecessor, Control.[43] Time magazine stated Jackson's stage show integrated "sleek high tech and smooth dance rhythm into an evening of snazzy soul with a social conscience."[44] Critic Chris Willman expressed: "If the dancing in Janet's tour is even more enthralling than that of brother Michael ... it's because she spends so much of her stage time working with six other dancers as part of a hip-hop chorus line. It represents the pinnacle of what can be done in the popping 'n' locking style-a rapid-fire mixture of rigidly jerky and gracefully fluid movements."[45] Some observed Jackson, like many of her contemporaries, lip-synced parts of her stage show.[46] Jon Pareles commented "[m]ost lip-synched shows are done by video-era pop performers whose audiences are young and television trained. They fill arenas to enjoy a spectacle like what they saw on television—the dancing ... the stage effects and incidentally the songs."[47] Critic Michael MacCambridge described lip-syncing as a "moot point", stating, "Jackson was frequently singing along with her own pre-recorded vocals, to achieve a sound closer to radio versions of singles."[48]

The first international concert, which took place in Tokyo, Japan, sold out the Tokyo Dome within seven minutes—a record for the fastest sellout in the history of the Dome.[49] Los Angeles Times reported "Japan became a 'Rhythm Nation' as Janet Jackson opened her tour at the Tokyo Dome, cascading thunderous waves of funk and choreography over 50,000 people ... The choreography, a cross between break-dancing and military maneuvers, sent some spectators dancing into the aisles."[50] Jackson also performed in Osaka and Yokohama before returning to the United States and then traveled to Europe for the final leg of her tour.[50] Grossing $28.1 million, the tour ranked number five among the best-selling of 1990, making Jackson the only female artist to place within the top ten.[51] The Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour, with an attendance of over two million patrons, remains the most successful debut tour by any recording artist.[52] A number of commentators began to acknowledge the social impact of Jackson's work during her tour. William Allen, then-executive vice president of the United Negro College Fund, told the Los Angeles Times, "Jackson is a role model for all young people to emulate and the message she has gotten to the young people of this country through the lyrics of 'Rhythm Nation 1814' is having positive effects."[53] Joel Selvin of the San Francisco Chronicle expressed, "the 23-year-old has been making smash hit records for four years, becoming a fixture on MTV and a major role model to teenage girls across the country."[54] Deborah Wilker stated: "Jackson is a rare positive role model for kids—particularly young women who have been video-bred on the bimbo look. Jackson thankfully keeps her clothes on ... she preaches brotherhood and racial unity; and she comes across as a confident young lady who is very much in control."[55]

Legacy

Her 1989 Rhythm Nation album was the boldest and most successful pop attempt to combine social commentary, celebration, and state-of-the-art dance funk since her brother Michael's efforts to be Bad.

Rickey Vincent, Funk: The Music, The People, and The Rhythm of The One, 1996[56]

The best-selling album of 1990, Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 became the only album in history to generate seven top-five Billboard hits; "Miss You Much", "Rhythm Nation", "Escapade", "Alright", "Come Back to Me", "Black Cat", and "Love Will Never Do (Without You)" all peaked within the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[19][57] Rhythm Nation 1814 is the only album in history to have number one hits in three separate calendar years; "Miss You Much" in 1989, "Escapade" and "Black Cat" in 1990, and "Love Will Never Do (Without You)" in 1991.[58] The album earned Jackson eight Billboard Music Awards, including Top Pop Album and No. 1 Hot 100 Singles Artist and the best-selling album of 1990.[59][60] The album's success placed Jackson on par with several other entertainers, including older brother Michael Jackson, and Madonna.[61] In July 2008, Entertainment Weekly magazine placed the album at number 54 in their list of Top 100 Best Albums of the past 25 years.[62] The album is also ranked number 275 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[63] It is included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[64]

Accolades

Organization Country Accolade Year Source
Parents' Choice Foundation United States Parents' Choice Award 1989 [65]
Billboard Music Awards United States Top Hot 100 Singles Artist of the Year, Top Selling Album of the Year, Top Selling R&B Album of the Year, Top Selling R&B Albums Artist of the Year, Top Selling R&B Artist of the Year, Top Dance Club Play Artist of the Year, Top Hot Dance 12" Singles Sales Artist of the Year 1990 [66]
Billboard/Tanqueray Sterling Music Video Awards United States Best Female Video Artist, Black/Rap, Best Female Artist, Dance, Director's Award, Black/Rap (Rhythm Nation 1814), Director's Award, Dance ("Alright"), Tanqueray Sterling Music Video Award for Artistic Achievement (Rhythm Nation 1814) 1990 [67]
Grammy Awards United States Best Music Video, Long Form (Rhythm Nation 1814) 1990 [68]
Rolling Stone United States "Women In Rock: The 50 Essential Albums" (Rank 27) 2002 [69]
Quintessence Editions Ltd. United Kingdom 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die (No rank) 2003 [64]
Rolling Stone United States The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (Rank 275) 2003 [63]
Entertainment Weekly United States The 100 Best Albums of the Past 25 Years (Rank 54) 2008 [62]

Track listings

Standard/CD/Cassette/MP3 download
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Interlude: Pledge" 0:47
2."Rhythm Nation" (Samples "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)" performed by Sly & the Family Stone)Janet Jackson, James Harris III, Terry Lewis5:31
3."Interlude: T.V." 0:22
4."State of the World"Jackson, Harris, Lewis4:48
5."Interlude: Race" 0:05
6."The Knowledge"Harris, Lewis3:54
7."Interlude: Let's Dance" 0:03
8."Miss You Much"Harris, Lewis4:12
9."Interlude: Come Back" 0:21
10."Love Will Never Do (Without You)"Harris, Lewis5:50
11."Livin' in a World (They Didn't Make)"Harris, Lewis4:41
12."Alright" (Samples "Think (About It)" performed by Lyn Collins)Jackson, Harris, Lewis6:26
13."Interlude: Hey Baby" 0:10
14."Escapade"Jackson, Harris, Lewis4:44
15."Interlude: No Acid" 0:05
16."Black Cat"Jackson4:50
17."Lonely"Harris, Lewis4:59
18."Come Back to Me"Jackson, Harris, Lewis5:33
19."Someday Is Tonight"Jackson, Harris, Lewis 
20."Interlude: Livin'...In Complete Darkness" 1:07
Vinyl
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Interlude: Pledge" 0:47
2."Rhythm Nation"Janet Jackson, James Harris III, Terry Lewis5:31
3."State of the World"Jackson, Harris, Lewis4:48
4."The Knowledge"Harris, Lewis3:54
5."Miss You Much"Harris, Lewis4:12
6."Love Will Never Do (Without You)"Harris, Lewis5:50
7."Livin' in a World (They Didn't Make)"Harris, Lewis4:41
8."Alright"Jackson, Harris, Lewis6:26
9."Escapade"Jackson, Harris, Lewis4:44
10."Black Cat"Jackson4:50
11."Lonely"Harris, Lewis4:59
12."Come Back to Me"Jackson, Harris, Lewis5:33
13."Someday Is Tonight"Jackson, Harris, Lewis6:00
14."Interlude: Livin'...In Complete Darkness" 1:07

Personnel

Charts positions

Album

Chart Peak
Australian Albums Chart[70] 1
Canadian RPM 100 Albums[71] 18
New Zealand Albums Chart[70] 9
Swedish Albums Chart[70] 24
Swiss Albums Chart[70] 25
UK Albums Chart[72] 4
US Billboard 200[25] 1
US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums[25] 1

Singles

Year of release Single Billboard Hot 100[73] Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs[73] Billboard Hot Dance Club Play Songs[73]
1989 "Miss You Much" 1 1 1
1989 "Rhythm Nation" 2 1 1
1990 "Escapade" 1 1 1
1990 "Alright" 4 2 1
1990 "Come Back to Me" 2 2 -
1990 "Black Cat" 1 10 17
1991 "Love Will Never Do (Without You)" 1 3 4

"—" denotes releases that did not chart.

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d Henderson, Alex (2008), Rhythm Nation 1814 > Overview, Allmusic, retrieved 2008-06-12
  2. ^ a b c d e f Morse, Steve (1989-11-20), "Changing Her Tune Janet Jackson's New Conscience", The Boston Globe, p. 30, ISSN 0743-1791
  3. ^ a b Hunt, Dennis (1989-10-29), "Pop Music Special The Record Industry's Big Push", Los Angeles Times, p. 52, ISSN 0458-3035
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Pareles, Jon (1989-09-17), "Janet Jackson Adopts a New Attitude: Concern", The New York Times, p. A.31, ISSN 0362-4331
  5. ^ a b c Aletti, Vince (1989-10-19), Janet Jackson: Rhythm Nation 1814: Music Reviews: Rolling Stone, Rolling Stone, retrieved 2008-06-12 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ a b Snyder, Michael (1989-11-05), "Janet Jackson Still in Control / New Album "Rhythm Nation' is a worthy successor to smash LP", San Francisco Chronicle, p. 44
  7. ^ a b c henderson, Eric (2009-09-07), Janet Jackson: Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814: Music Review, Slant Magazine, retrieved 2009-11-11
  8. ^ a b Powell, Zachary (2008), Janet Jackson - Rhythm Nation 1814 Reviews - Sputnikmusic, Sputnikmusic, retrieved 2008-07-13 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  9. ^ a b Christgau, Robert, "Robert Christgau: CG: Janet Jackson", The Village Voice, Robert Christgau, retrieved 2009-11-07
  10. ^ a b Strong, Martin (2004), The Great Rock Discography: Complete Discographies Listing Every Track, Canongate U.S., p. 749, ISBN 1841956155
  11. ^ a b Bronson, Fred (2002), Billboard's Hottest Hot 100 Hits, Watson-Guptill, p. 362, ISBN 9780823077380
  12. ^ Aletti, Vince (1998-10-19), "Rhythm Nation 1814: Janet Jackson: Review: Rolling Stone", Rolling Stone, retrieved 2008-06-07
  13. ^ "Newsmakers", Houston Chronicle, p. 2, 1990-02-18, ISSN 1074-7109
  14. ^ a b c d Graham, Jefferson (1989-12-15), "Janet in command; Jackson rules her own `Nation'; Highlights of a rhythmic life", USA Today, p. 1.D, ISSN 0734-7456
  15. ^ a b c d e Ripani, Richard J. (2006), The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950-1999, Univ. Press of Mississippi, pp. 131–132, 152–153, ISBN 1578068622
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  18. ^ a b c Rhythm Nation 1814 > Credits, Allmusic, 2008, retrieved 2008-06-29
  19. ^ a b c d Bronson, Fred (2003), The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, Billboard Books, ISBN 0823076776
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  21. ^ Gliatto, Tom (1989-08-16), "Lifeline", USA Today, p. 1.D, ISSN 0734-7456
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  31. ^ Jasen, David A. (2002), A Century of American Popular Music: 2000 Best-Loved and Remembered Songs (1899-1999), Taylor & Francis, p. 133, ISBN 0415937000
  32. ^ a b c d Janet Jackson > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles, Allmusic, 2008, retrieved 2009-10-30
  33. ^ a b c d e f Singles certification, Recording Industry Association of America, 1989-11-03, retrieved 2008-06-13
  34. ^ holden, Stephen (1990-01-07), "Do Songs About The World's Ills Do Any Good?", The New York Times, p. A.28, ISSN 0362-4331
  35. ^ Klied, Beth (1990-03-27), "Pop/Rock", Los Angeles Times, p. 4, ISSN 0458-3035
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  41. ^ a b Adrianson, Doug (1990-03-09), "Janet Jackson: Rythm Nation Tour expected to be 'bad'", Ottawa Citizen, p. D.1, ISSN 0839-3222
  42. ^ a b c Wilker, Deborah (1990-03-02), "Jackson's Action Turns Miami into Rhythm City", Sun Sentinel, p. 12.A
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  46. ^ Gundersen, Edna (1990-05-25), "Style Over Sound:Pop stars take canned music on tour", USA Today, p. 1.D
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Further reading

  • Cornwell, Jane. Janet Jackson. Carlton Books, 2002. ISBN 1842224646
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