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'''Lapu-Lapu''' (1491–1542) was the [[datu]] of [[Mactan]], an island in the [[Visayas]] in the [[Philippines]], who is known as the first native of the [[archipelago]] to have resisted [[Spain|Spanish]] colonization. He is now regarded as the first [[Filipino people|Filipino]] hero.<ref>{{cite book | last =Zaide | first =Sonia M. | authorlink = Gregorio F. Zaide| title =The Philippines:A Unique Nation | publisher =All Nations Publishing Co., Inc. | date =1994 | pages =83–84 | isbn =971-642-005-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last =De Guzman | first =Maria O. | title =The Filipino Heroes | publisher =National Bookstore, Inc. | date =1967 | pages =58 | isbn =971-08-2987-4}}</ref>
'''Lapu-Lapu''' (1491–1542) was the [[datu]] of [[Mactan]], an island in the [[Visayas]] in the [[Philippines]], who is known as the first native of the [[archipelago]] to have resisted [[Spain|Spanish]] colonization. He is now regarded as the first [[Filipino people|Filipino]] hero.<ref>{{cite book | last =Zaide | first =Sonia M. | authorlink = Gregorio F. Zaide| title =The Philippines:A Unique Nation | publisher =All Nations Publishing Co., Inc. | date =1994 | pages =83–84 | isbn =971-642-005-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last =De Guzman | first =Maria O. | title =The Filipino Heroes | publisher =National Bookstore, Inc. | date =1967 | pages =58 | isbn =971-08-2987-4}}</ref>


On the morning of April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu led aproximately 1,500 Mactan warriors armed with spears, [[kampilan]] and [[kalasag]], in a battle against 49 Christian soldiers led by [[Portugal|Portuguese]] explorer [[Ferdinand Magellan]]. In what would later be known as the [[Battle of Mactan]], Magellan and several of his men were killed.
On the morning of April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu led approximately 1,500 Mactan warriors armed with [[barong (knife)|barong]], spears, [[kampilan]] and [[kalasag]], in a battle against 49 Christian soldiers led by [[Portugal|Portuguese]] explorer [[Ferdinand Magellan]]. In what would later be known as the [[Battle of Mactan]], Magellan and several of his men were killed.


According to [[Sulu]] [[oral tradition]], Lapu-Lapu was a [[Islam in the Philippines|Muslim]] chieftain,<ref name="muslim">{{cite news | title =Lapu-Lapu and the Battle of Mactan | pages = | publisher =The [[Manila Bulletin]] Online | date = 2001 |url =http://www.mb.com.ph/issues/2004/04/27/OPED200404278218.html | accessdate = 2008-07-09}}</ref> and was also known as "[[Caliph|Kaliph]] Pulaka".<ref name="pulaka">{{cite web | last =Ang | first =Josiah C. | title =Historical Timeline of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu Including Related Events of Neighboring Peoples | url=http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Modules/Modules/MuslimMindanao/historical_timeline_of_the_royal.htm | accessdate = 2008-07-11}}</ref> Other [[Moro people|Moros]] also recognize him as a Muslim and as a [[Tausūg]].<ref name="bangsamoro">{{cite web | last = | first = | title =Lapu-Lapu and the battle of Mactan | url=http://www.bangsamoro.info/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=33 | accessdate = 2008-08-07}}</ref> A variant of the name, as written by Carlos Calao, a 17th century Chinese-Spanish poet in his poem "Que Dios Le Perdone" ([[Spanish language|Spanish]], "That God May Forgive Him") is "Cali Pulacu".<ref>{{cite book | last =Halili | first =Ma. Christine N. | title =Philippine History | publisher =REX Bookstore, Inc. | date =2004 | pages =74 | isbn =978-971-23-3934-9 }}</ref>
According to [[Sulu]] [[oral tradition]], Lapu-Lapu was a [[Islam in the Philippines|Muslim]] chieftain,<ref name="muslim">{{cite news | title =Lapu-Lapu and the Battle of Mactan | pages = | publisher =The [[Manila Bulletin]] Online | date = 2001 |url =http://www.mb.com.ph/issues/2004/04/27/OPED200404278218.html | accessdate = 2008-07-09}}</ref> and was also known as "[[Caliph|Kaliph]] Pulaka".<ref name="pulaka">{{cite web | last =Ang | first =Josiah C. | title =Historical Timeline of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu Including Related Events of Neighboring Peoples | url=http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Modules/Modules/MuslimMindanao/historical_timeline_of_the_royal.htm | accessdate = 2008-07-11}}</ref> Other [[Moro people|Moros]] also recognize him as a Muslim and as a [[Tausūg]].<ref name="bangsamoro">{{cite web | last = | first = | title =Lapu-Lapu and the battle of Mactan | url=http://www.bangsamoro.info/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=33 | accessdate = 2008-08-07}}</ref> A variant of the name, as written by Carlos Calao, a 17th century Chinese-Spanish poet in his poem "Que Dios Le Perdone" ([[Spanish language|Spanish]], "That God May Forgive Him") is "Cali Pulacu".<ref>{{cite book | last =Halili | first =Ma. Christine N. | title =Philippine History | publisher =REX Bookstore, Inc. | date =2004 | pages =74 | isbn =978-971-23-3934-9 }}</ref>


In the 19th century, the [[Propaganda Movement|propagandist]] [[Mariano Ponce]] used a variant name, "Kalipulako", as one of his pseudonyms.<ref name="ponce">{{cite web | title =Bulacan, Philippines: General Info: Heroes and Patriots: Mariano Ponce|url=http://www.bulacan.gov.ph/generalinfo/hero.php?id=32 | accessdate = 2008-08-01}}</ref> The 1898 [[Philippine Declaration of Independence]] refers to Lapu-Lapu as "King Kalipulako de Maktan".<ref>{{cite book | last =Kalaw | first =Maximo M. | title = The development of Philippine politics |date= 2005 |origdate= c.1920 |publisher= [[University of Michigan]] Library |chapter=Appendix A: Act of the Proclamation of Independence of the Filipino People (Spanish-to-English translation culled from John Taylor's ''Philippine Insurgent Records'')| chapterurl=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer&cc=philamer&idno=afj2233.0001.001&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=433 |quote= Hernando de Magallanes, who arrived upon the shores of Cebu, ...was killed in the battle which took place on said shores, to which he was provoked by King Kalipulako de Maktan, who was suspicious of his bad intentions... |accessdate = 2008-07-31}}</ref>
In the 19th century, the [[Propaganda Movement|propagandist]] [[Mariano Ponce]] used a variant name, "Kalipulako", as one of his pseudonyms.<ref name="ponce">{{cite web | title =Bulacan, Philippines: General Info: Heroes and Patriots: Mariano Ponce|url=http://www.bulacan.gov.ph/generalinfo/hero.php?id=32 | accessdate = 2008-08-01}}</ref> The 1898 [[Philippine Declaration of Independence]] refers to Lapu-Lapu as "King Kalipulako de Maktan". <ref>{{cite book | last =Kalaw | first =Maximo M. | title = The development of Philippine politics |date= 2005 |origdate= c.1920 |publisher= [[University of Michigan]] Library |chapter=Appendix A: Act of the Proclamation of Independence of the Filipino People (Spanish-to-English translation culled from John Taylor's ''Philippine Insurgent Records'')| chapterurl=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer&cc=philamer&idno=afj2233.0001.001&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=433 |quote= Hernando de Magallanes, who arrived upon the shores of Cebu, ...was killed in the battle which took place on said shores, to which he was provoked by King Kalipulako de Maktan, who was suspicious of his bad intentions... |accessdate = 2008-07-31}}</ref>


==Commemoration==
==Commemoration==
The Cebuano people have erected a statue in his honor on Mactan Island and renamed the town of Opon in [[Cebu Province|Cebu]] to [[Lapu-Lapu City]]. A more recent statue was given as a gift to the Philippines by [[South Korea]] in 2005. It stands in [[Rizal Park]] in the national capital of [[Manila]].<ref name="senate">{{cite web |title =Gordon, Garcia recall victory at Mactan, honor Lapu-Lapu | url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2008/0427_gordon1.asp | accessdate = 2008-07-09}}</ref>
The Cebuano people have erected a statue in his honor on Mactan Island and renamed the town of Opon in [[Cebu Province|Cebu]] to [[Lapu-Lapu City]]. A more recent statue was made by cebuano in 2005. It stands in [[Rizal Park]] in the national capital of [[Manila]].<ref name="senate">{{cite web |title =Gordon, Garcia recall victory at Mactan, honor Lapu-Lapu | url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2008/0427_gordon1.asp | accessdate = 2008-07-09}}</ref>


Lapu-Lapu appears as a central figure in the official seal of the [[Philippine National Police]]<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | title = PNP Seal Symbolism | url=http://www.pnp.gov.ph/about/content/seal.html | accessdate = 2008-06-09}}</ref> and as the main design on the defunct 1-centavo coin circulated in the Philippines from 1967-1974.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | title =American Numismatic Society | url=http://numismatics.org/collection/2004.9.7460 | accessdate = 2008-06-10}}</ref>
Lapu-Lapu appears as a central figure in the official seal of the [[Philippine National Police]]<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | title = PNP Seal Symbolism | url=http://www.pnp.gov.ph/about/content/seal.html | accessdate = 2008-06-09}}</ref> and as the main design on the defunct 1-centavo coin circulated in the Philippines from 1967-1974.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | title =American Numismatic Society | url=http://numismatics.org/collection/2004.9.7460 | accessdate = 2008-06-10}}</ref>
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Revision as of 12:08, 17 August 2010

Lapu-Lapu is also the name of the grouper fish in the Philippines. For the city, see Lapu-Lapu City.
Lapu-Lapu
File:LapulapuSqualluto.jpg
Lapu-Lapu's statue on Mactan Island in the Philippines.
Other namesKaliph Pulaka, Cali Pulacu, Kalipulako
OccupationChieftain
Known forcommanding Visayan forces that killed Ferdinand Magellan.

Lapu-Lapu (1491–1542) was the datu of Mactan, an island in the Visayas in the Philippines, who is known as the first native of the archipelago to have resisted Spanish colonization. He is now regarded as the first Filipino hero.[1][2]

On the morning of April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu led approximately 1,500 Mactan warriors armed with barong, spears, kampilan and kalasag, in a battle against 49 Christian soldiers led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. In what would later be known as the Battle of Mactan, Magellan and several of his men were killed.

According to Sulu oral tradition, Lapu-Lapu was a Muslim chieftain,[3] and was also known as "Kaliph Pulaka".[4] Other Moros also recognize him as a Muslim and as a Tausūg.[5] A variant of the name, as written by Carlos Calao, a 17th century Chinese-Spanish poet in his poem "Que Dios Le Perdone" (Spanish, "That God May Forgive Him") is "Cali Pulacu".[6]

In the 19th century, the propagandist Mariano Ponce used a variant name, "Kalipulako", as one of his pseudonyms.[7] The 1898 Philippine Declaration of Independence refers to Lapu-Lapu as "King Kalipulako de Maktan". [8]

Commemoration

The Cebuano people have erected a statue in his honor on Mactan Island and renamed the town of Opon in Cebu to Lapu-Lapu City. A more recent statue was made by cebuano in 2005. It stands in Rizal Park in the national capital of Manila.[9]

Lapu-Lapu appears as a central figure in the official seal of the Philippine National Police[10] and as the main design on the defunct 1-centavo coin circulated in the Philippines from 1967-1974.[11]

During the First Regular Session of the 14th Congress of the Philippines, Senator Richard Gordon introduced a bill proposing to declare April 27 as an official Philippine national holiday to be known as Adlaw ni Lapu-Lapu, (Cebuano, "Day of Lapu-Lapu").[12]

A type of red grouper native to the Philippines is commonly known as "Lapu-Lapu" [13] in the island of Luzon, but more commonly known in the Visayas and Mindanao islands as "Pugapo", (Cebuano, "fish of the shore").

Two Filipino films, both called "Lapu-Lapu", have been made about the figure—the first in 1955[14] and the second in 2002.[15] The latter stars actor-turned-politician Lito Lapid and Joyce Jimenez.[15]

Chief Lapu-Lapu cocktail is an alcoholic drink named in his honor.[16][17]

A street in the South of Market neighborhood of San Francisco, California is named after Lapu-Lapu.[18]

See also

Further reading

  • Agoncillo, Teodoro A. Magellan and Lapu-Lapu. Fookien Times Yearbook, 1965, p. 634.
  • Alcina, Francisco, Historia de las Islas e Indios de Bisaya, MS 1668.
  • Correa, Gaspar, Lendas de India, Vol. 2, p. 630.
  • Cruz, Gemma, "Making Little Hero of Maktan."
  • Estabaya, D. M., 445 Years of Lapu-lapu, Weekly nation 1: 26-27, April 25, 1966.
  • Pigafetta, Antonio, Primo Viaje en Torno al Globo Terraqueo, Corredato di Notte de Carlo Amoteti, Milano, 1800.

References

  1. ^ Zaide, Sonia M. (1994). The Philippines:A Unique Nation. All Nations Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 83–84. ISBN 971-642-005-6.
  2. ^ De Guzman, Maria O. (1967). The Filipino Heroes. National Bookstore, Inc. p. 58. ISBN 971-08-2987-4.
  3. ^ "Lapu-Lapu and the Battle of Mactan". The Manila Bulletin Online. 2001. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
  4. ^ Ang, Josiah C. "Historical Timeline of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu Including Related Events of Neighboring Peoples". Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  5. ^ "Lapu-Lapu and the battle of Mactan". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  6. ^ Halili, Ma. Christine N. (2004). Philippine History. REX Bookstore, Inc. p. 74. ISBN 978-971-23-3934-9.
  7. ^ "Bulacan, Philippines: General Info: Heroes and Patriots: Mariano Ponce". Retrieved 2008-08-01.
  8. ^ Kalaw, Maximo M. (2005). "Appendix A: Act of the Proclamation of Independence of the Filipino People (Spanish-to-English translation culled from John Taylor's Philippine Insurgent Records)". The development of Philippine politics. University of Michigan Library. Hernando de Magallanes, who arrived upon the shores of Cebu, ...was killed in the battle which took place on said shores, to which he was provoked by King Kalipulako de Maktan, who was suspicious of his bad intentions... {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |origdate= ignored (|orig-date= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ "Gordon, Garcia recall victory at Mactan, honor Lapu-Lapu". Retrieved 2008-07-09.
  10. ^ "PNP Seal Symbolism". Retrieved 2008-06-09.
  11. ^ "American Numismatic Society". Retrieved 2008-06-10.
  12. ^ Gordon, Richard J. "An Act to declare April 27 of every year as a special non-working holiday throughout the country to commemorate the victory of Lapu-Lapu and his men over the Spaniards led by Fernando Magallanes..." (PDF). Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  13. ^ "Lucky lapu-lapu, ATV, boatmen and rice". GMANews.tv. 2008-04-12. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
  14. ^ "Lapu-Lapu (1955)". Retrieved 2008-06-10.
  15. ^ a b "Lapu-Lapu (2002)". Retrieved 2008-06-10.
  16. ^ "Cocktail of the Day: Chief Lapu Lapu". Retrieved 2008-06-09.
  17. ^ Williams, Nicole Prentice. "Locals Only". Retrieved 2008-06-09.
  18. ^ "Lapu Lapu Street in San Francisco". Retrieved 2008-08-13.
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