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Revision as of 22:37, 23 August 2010

Hotel Rwanda
Theatrical release poster
Directed byTerry George
Written byKeir Pearson
Terry George
Produced byTerry George
StarringDon Cheadle
Sophie Okonedo
Joaquin Phoenix
Nick Nolte
Jean Reno
CinematographyRobert Fraisse
Edited byNaomi Geraghty
Music byAfro Celt Sound System
Rupert Gregson-Williams
Andrea Guerra
Production
companies
Distributed byUnited Artists
Release dates
September 11, 2004 (2004-09-11) (Toronto)
December 22, 2004 (2004-12-22)
Running time
121 minutes
CountriesUnited Kingdom
United States
LanguagesEnglish
French
Box office$33,882,243[1]

Hotel Rwanda is a 2004 American drama film directed by Terry George and written by both George and Keir Pearson. Based on real life events in 1994 Rwanda, the film stars Don Cheadle as hotelier Paul Rusesabagina, who attempts to save his fellow citizens from the ravages of the Rwandan Genocide. Veteran actors Joaquin Phoenix, Nick Nolte and Jean Reno also star in principal roles. The film, which has been called an African Schindler's List,[2] documents Rusesabagina's acts to save the lives of his family and more than a thousand other refugees, by granting them shelter in the besieged Hôtel des Mille Collines. Hotel Rwanda explores genocide, political corruption, and the repercussions of violence.

A joint collective effort to commit to the film's production was made by United Artists and Lions Gate Films. It was commercially distributed by United Artists. As an independent film, it had an initial limited release in theaters, but was nominated for multiple awards, including Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, Best Supporting Actress, and Best Original Screenplay. The film also won a number of awards including those from the Berlin and Toronto International Film Festivals.

Hotel Rwanda premiered in theaters nationwide in the United States on February 4, 2005 grossing $23,530,892 in domestic ticket receipts. It earned an additional $10,351,351 in business through international release to top out at a combined $33,882,243 in gross revenue. The film was technically considered a moderate financial success after its theatrical run, and was generally met with positive critical reviews before its initial screening in cinemas.

Plot

Tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi peoples lead to a war in the African country of Rwanda, where corruption and bribes between politicians are routine. Paul Rusesabagina (Don Cheadle), the manager of the Sabena Hôtel des Mille Collines, is Hutu but his wife, Tatiana (Sophie Okonedo), is Tutsi. His marriage is a source of friction with Hutu extremists, most prominently Georges Rutaganda (Hakeem Kae-Kazim), a friendly goods supplier to the hotel who is also the local leader of Interahamwe, a brutal anti-Tutsi militia.

As the political situation in the country worsens, Paul and his family observe neighbors being killed. Paul curries favor with people of influence, bribing them with money and alcohol, seeking to maintain sufficient influence to keep his family safe. When civil war erupts and a Rwandan Army officer threatens Paul and his neighbors, Paul barely negotiates their safety, and brings everyone to the hotel. More refugees come to the hotel from the overburdened United Nations camp, the Red Cross, and orphanages. Paul must divert the Hutu soldiers, care for the refugees, be a source of strength to his family, and maintain the appearance of a functioning high-class hotel, as the situation becomes more violent.

The UN Peacekeeping forces, led by Canadian Colonel Oliver (Nick Nolte), are unable to take assertive action against the Interahamwe since they are forbidden to intervene in the genocide. The foreign nationals are evacuated, but the Rwandans are left behind. When the UN forces attempt to evacuate a group of refugees, including Paul's family, they are ambushed and must turn back. In a last-ditch effort to save the refugees, Paul pleads with the Rwandan Army General, Augustin Bizimungu (Fana Mokoena) for assistance. However, when Paul's bribes no longer work, he blackmails the General with threats of being tried as a war criminal. Soon after, the family and the hotel refugees are finally able to leave the besieged hotel in a UN convoy. They travel through retreating masses of refugees and militia to reach safety behind Tutsi rebel lines.

Cast

Don Cheadle  ... Paul Rusesabagina
Sophie Okonedo  ... Tatiana Rusesabagina
Nick Nolte  ... Colonel Oliver (based on Roméo Dallaire)
Joaquin Phoenix  ... Jack Daglish
Fana Mokoena  ... General Augustin Bizimungu
Cara Seymour  ... Pat Archer
Jean Reno  ... Sabena Airlines President Mr. Tillens
Desmond Dube  ... Dube
Hakeem Kae-Kazim  ... Georges Rutaganda
Leleti Khumalo  ... Fedens
Tony Kgoroge  ... Gregoire

Production

Development

UNAMIR Force Commander Roméo Dallaire

The film is set in 1994 during the Rwandan Genocide; in which an estimated 800,000 people, mainly Tutsi, were killed by Hutu extremists.[3] During that year, Rwanda’s population of seven million was composed of two major ethnic groups: Hutu (approximately 85%), and Tutsi (14%). In the early 1990s, Hutu extremists within Rwanda’s political elite blamed the entire Tutsi minority population for the country’s economic and political problems. Tutsi civilians were also accused of supporting a Tutsi-dominated rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front.[4] On April 6, 1994, a plane carrying President Habyarimana, a Hutu, was shot down. Following that incident, the genocide began. Hutu extremists belonging to the Interahamwe militia, launched plans to destroy the entire Tutsi civilian population. Tutsi and people suspected of being Tutsi were killed in their homes and as they tried to flee the country. It is estimated that some 200,000 people participated in the perpetration of the Rwandan genocide.[4]

Hotelier Paul Rusesabagina of the Belgian owned luxury Hôtel des Mille Collines, used his power and influence to personally save both Tutsi and moderate Hutu refugees. Rusesabagina regularly bribed Rwandan Hutu soldiers and kept militias outside the hotel's property during the hundred days of killing.[5] Following the carnage, Rusesabagina survived along with his wife and three children, as well as most of the refugees he sheltered.[5] Sharing his thoughts about the lack of international intervention during the crisis, director George commented, "It's simple, ... African lives are not seen as valuable as the lives of Europeans or Americans."[5] Attempting to share the horrors of the genocide, George sought to bring the story of Rusesabagina portrayed as a humanitarian during the relentless acts of violence.

Filming

Paul Rusesabagina was consulted during the writing of the film. Although the character of Colonel Oliver played by Nolte is fictional in nature, the role was inspired by the UN force commander for UNAMIR, Romeo Dallaire. The makers of the film partnered with the United Nations Foundation to create the International Fund for Rwanda, which supported United Nations Development Programme initiatives assisting Rwandan survivors.[6] “The goal of the film is not only to engage audiences in this story of genocide but also to inspire them to help redress the terrible devastation,” said director Terry George.[7]

Soundtrack

The original motion picture soundtrack for Hotel Rwanda, was released by the Commotion label on January 11, 2005. It features songs written by veteran musicians Wyclef Jean, Dorothee Munyaneza and Deborah Cox among others. The music for the film was composed by Rupert Gregson-Williams, Andrea Guerra and the Afro Celt Sound System; while being edited by Michael Connell.[8]

Marketing

Novel

Skulls in Murambi Technical School

A paperback novel published by Newmarket Press entitled, Hotel Rwanda: Bringing the True Story of an African Hero to Film, was released on February 7, 2005. The book dramatizes the events of the Rwandan Genocide in 1994, as depicted in the film. It expands on the ideas of how hotelier Paul Rusesabagina, sheltered and saved more than 1,200 people in the hotel he managed in Kigali.[9] Rusesabagina's real life experience encouraged director George to produce the film. The book summarizes three years of research, articles that chronicle the historical events, and the ensuing aftermath. A brief history and timeline, the making of the film, and the complete screenplay written by Keir Pearson and Terry George are covered in thorough detail.[10]

Reception

Critical response

Among mainstream critics in the U.S., the film received almost exclusively positive reviews.[11] Rotten Tomatoes reported that 91% of 184 sampled critics gave the film a positive review, with an average score of 7.9 out of 10.[12] At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average out of 100 to critics' reviews, the film received a score of 79 based on 40 reviews.[11]

"Hotel Rwanda's strength is its refusal to stint on the horrors and atrocities, in being unafraid to show us a vivid picture of the blood lust that gripped that country seemingly out of nowhere. The film is also good at depicting the impotence of the U.N. and its frustrated Col. Oliver (Nick Nolte) at having to be 'peacekeepers, not peacemakers'."
—Kenneth Turan, writing in the Los Angeles Times[13]

Michael Rechtshaffen, writing in The Hollywood Reporter, said actor "Cheadle impressively carries the entire picture, delivering the kind of note-perfect performance that's absolutely deserving of Oscar consideration".[14] Roger Ebert in the Chicago Sun-Times called it a "riveting drama" while exclaiming, "The film works not because the screen is filled with meaningless special effects, formless action and vast digital armies, but because Cheadle, Nolte and the filmmakers are interested in how two men choose to function in an impossible situation. Because we sympathize with these men, we are moved by the film".[15] In the San Francisco Chronicle, Mick LaSalle wrote that the film was a "harrowing experience", and "that it documents for a mass audience what it was like. It's useful, in that it shows how it can happen. It's even hopeful, in that it shows that it's possible — not guaranteed, but possible — for people to maintain their humanity in the face of unhinged barbarism".[16] Claudia Puig of USA Today, said the film was "one of the year's most moving and powerful films, anchored by a magnificent performance by Don Cheadle". She declared: "Hotel Rwanda emerges as an African version of Schindler's List."[17] The film however, was not without its detractors. Dave Sterrit of the Christian Science Monitor, felt that although the subject matter was crucially important, "the movie dilutes its impact with by-the-numbers filmmaking, and Cheadle's one-note performance displays few of his acting gifts".[18] Left equally unimpressed was Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly. Commenting on the character significance of the U.N. personnel, she said it was "a bad day for narrative, if not for diplomacy, when there is only one 3-D character among the entire U.N. lot, clad in their blue helmets, and that role is rasped by Nick Nolte with moral remorse rather than his more usual hint of dissolution". In her overall summation, she wrote "Hotel Rwanda is a strange history lesson that leaves us more overlectured than properly overwhelmed".[19] Michael Atkinson of The Village Voice, added to the negativity by saying the film was "told to us secondhand, or glimpsed in distant scuffles" and "Like the majority of movies about the last century of holocausts, Hotel Rwanda is as earnest and tasteful as its creators. To capture the white-hot terror of social calamity, someone a little more lawless and fierce might be called for".[20]

Writing for The New York Times, Stephen Holden said the film was "a political thriller based on fact that hammers every button on the emotional console".[21] He commended how the film "offers a devastating picture of media-driven mass murder left unchecked" while also praising "Mr. Cheadle's magnificent, understated portrayal".[21] James Berardinelli writing for ReelViews, called the film "powerful" and noted that it didn't "pull as many punches as its detractors would have us believe".[22] Berardinelli also said the film was "brutal and shocking when it needs to be, but it also has great emotional scope and power. We find ourselves enmeshed in Paul's struggle, sharing his despair at the warfare tearing apart his country, his frustration and anger at the U.N.'s inability to act, and, eventually, his hope for a better tomorrow".[22] Describing some pitfalls, Jeff Vice of the Deseret News said the "decision by the filmmakers to show things from that limited viewpoint — to show how isolated and fearful the characters were of the chaos going on around them — the film feels a little dishonest and diminished. It's never quite as effective as "The Killing Fields" or "Schindler's List" in that the film's overall impact is not as great and it doesn't linger in the memory".[23] Vice however was quick to admit "Hotel Rwanda does have its share of powerful moments; in particular, a scene in which Paul and another hotel employee unknowingly — due to fog — drive into a mass grave". He also expressed satisfaction with the acting saying, "Cheadle brings a needed intensity to the film; his character's fear and compassion are quite vivid. Nolte is also good in his limited screen time, as is Joaquin Phoenix, who plays a news cameraman".[23]

"[A] flat, cramped staging which, combined with d.p. Robert Fraisse's harsh overlighting, gives the film the feel of a cheap backlot production, even though it was shot on location."—Scott Foundas, writing in Variety[24]

Eleanor R. Gillespie of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, stated that Hotel Rwanda was an "unforgettable film" as well as being "a doubly unforgettable performance by Don Cheadle".[25] Although mentioning "The parallels with Steven Spielberg's Schindler's List are obvious", she praised individual cinematic elements that made the film unique, such as "the revelation of a dark, bumpy road paved with thousands of corpses. Or in a little girl's heartwrenching plea, 'Please don't let them kill me. I promise I won't be Tutsi anymore'".[25] She concluded her review with Cheadle's noteworthy performance, saying he gave "one of the best performances (if not the best) of last year — an Oscar-worthy portrait of a man who kept his head clear and his humanity intact in the midst of a man-made hell".[25] Similarly, David Ansen wrote in Newsweek that "two performances carry the film. Cheadle, in his richest role since "Devil in a Blue Dress", burrows deep inside this complex man, who discovers in himself a strength he never knew he possessed, as he faces the disillusionment of all the "civilized" notions he believes in. As his strong, committed wife, Tatiana, Sophie Okonedo, barely resembling the saucy hooker she played in "Dirty Pretty Things", is a revelation".[26] However, in the Arizona Daily Star, Phil Villarreal was not moved by the lead acting of Cheadle or Nolte. He thought the characters were "cardboardish" and went further saying the "uplifting moments of rescue seem antiseptic and set up".[27]

Accolades

The film was nominated and won several awards in 2004–05.[28][29] Various critics included the film on their lists of the top 10 best films of 2004. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times named it ninth best, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle named it eighth best, and Desson Thomson of The Washington Post named it tenth best.[30]

Award Category Nominee Result
77th Academy Awards[31] Best Actor Don Cheadle Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Sophie Okonedo Nominated
Best Original Screenplay Keir Pearson, Terry George Nominated
2005 Berlin International Film Festival[32] In Competition Won
Black Reel Awards of 2005[33] Best Actor in a Drama Don Cheadle Nominated
Best Actress in a Drama Sophie Okonedo Won
59th British Academy Film Awards[34] Best Original Screenplay Keir Pearson, Terry George Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2004[35] Best Picture Nominated
Best Actor Don Cheadle Nominated
62nd Golden Globe Awards[36] Best Picture - Drama Nominated
Best Actor - Drama Don Cheadle Nominated
Best Original Song Jerry Duplessis, Andrea Guerra, Wyclef Jean Nominated
London Film Critics Circle Awards 2005[37] Best British Director Terry George Nominated
Best Actor Don Cheadle Nominated
Best British Supporting Actress Sophie Okonedo Nominated
2004 National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Awards[38] Best Picture Nominated
Producers Guild of America Awards 2004[39] Stanley Kramer Award Won
11th Screen Actors Guild Awards[40] Best Ensemble Acting Nominated
Best Actor Don Cheadle Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Sophie Okonedo Nominated
2004 Toronto International Film Festival[41] People's Choice Award Won
Writers Guild of America Awards 2004[42] Best Original Screenplay Keir Pearson, Terry George Nominated

Box office

The film premiered in cinemas on December 22, 2004 in limited release throughout the U.S.. During its limited opening weekend, the film grossed $100,091 in business showing at 7 locations. Its official wide release was screened in theaters on February 4, 2005.[1] Opening in a distant 14th place, the film earned $2,316,416 showing at 823 cinemas. The film Boogeyman soundily beat its competition during that weekend opening in first place with $19,020,655.[43] The film's revenue dropped by 11.8% in its second week of release, earning $2,043,249. For that particular weekend, the film remained in 14th place not challenging a top ten position.[44] The film went on to top out domestically at $23,530,892 in total ticket sales through an 18-week theatrical run. Internationally, the film took in an additional $10,351,351 in box office business for a combined worldwide total of $33,882,243.[1] For 2004 as a whole, the film would cumulatively rank at a box office performance position of 99.[45]

Home media

Following its cinematic release in theaters, the film was released in VHS video format on April 12, 2005.[46] The Region 1 Code widescreen edition of the film was also released on DVD in the United States on April 12, 2005. Special features for the DVD include; "A Message for Peace: Making Hotel Rwanda" documentary, "Return to Rwanda" documentary, Selected scenes commentary by Don Cheadle, Audio commentary by director Terry George and real-life subject of the film–Paul Rusesabagina, along with select commentary by musician Wyclef Jean.[47] Currently, there is no scheduled release date set for a future Blu-ray Disc version of the film.

Five years after its release in theaters, the film continues to see popularity in the video rental market. According to Netflix, the film still ranks in its top 100 video release chart.[48]

See also

Further reading

  • Prunier, Gerard (2008). Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195374209.
  • Melvern, Linda (2006). Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide. Verso. ISBN 978-1844675425.
  • Ilibagiza, Immaculee (2009). Led By Faith: Rising from the Ashes of the Rwandan Genocide. Hay House. ISBN 978-1401918880.
  • Gourevitch, Philip (1999). We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will be Killed With Our Families: Stories from Rwanda. Picador. ISBN 978-0312243357.
  • Lawrence, Tracey (2009). My Father, Maker of the Trees: How I Survived the Rwandan Genocide. Baker Books. ISBN 978-0801013201.
  • Cruden, Alex (2010). Rwandan Genocide (Perspectives on Modern World History). Greenhaven Press. ISBN 978-0737750072.
  • Wallis, Andrew (2007). Silent Accomplice: The Untold Story of France's Role in the Rwandan Genocide. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1845112479.
  • Waugh, Colin (2004). Paul Kagame and Rwanda: Power, Genocide and the Rwandan Patriotic Front. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0786419418.
  • Laband, John (2006). Daily Lives of Civilians in Wartime Africa: From Slavery Days to Rwandan Genocide. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0313335402.
  • Twagilimana, Aimable (2003). The Debris of Ham: Ethnicity, Regionalism, and the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. University Press of America. ISBN 978-0761825852.
  • Taylor, Christopher (2001). Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994. Berg Publishers. ISBN 978-1859732786.
  • Kroslak, Daniela (2007). The Role of France in the Rwandan Genocide. Hurst & Company. ISBN 978-1850658825.
  • Keane, Fergal (1997). Season of Blood: A Rwandan Journey. Penguin. ISBN 978-0140247602.
  • Barnett, Michael (2003). Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0801488672.

References

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  3. ^ "Rwanda: How the Genocide Happened". BBC News. 2008-12-18. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
  4. ^ a b Genocide in Rwanda. United Human Rights Council. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
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  6. ^ "United Nations Welcomes Establishment of International Fund for Rwanda". UN.org. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
  7. ^ "United Nations Foundation Overview" (PDF). United Nations Foundation. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
  8. ^ "Hotel Rwanda (2004)". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
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  10. ^ "Hotel Rwanda Bringing the True Story of An African Hero to Film". Newmarket Press. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
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  15. ^ Ebert, Roger (22 December 2004). Hotel Rwanda. Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
  16. ^ Lasalle, Mick (7 January 2005). Amid a massacre, an ordinary man stands tall to protect others. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
  17. ^ Puig, Claudia (21 December 2004). Haunting 'Hotel Rwanda'. USA Today. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
  18. ^ Sterrit, David (14 January 2005). Hotel Rwanda (PG-13). Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
  19. ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (1 February 2005). Hotel Rwanda (2004). Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
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  21. ^ a b Holden, Stephen (22 December 2004). Holding a Moral Center as Civilization Fell. The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
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