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[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. Category already exists. --[[User:Bsherr|Bsherr]] ([[User talk:Bsherr|talk]]) 04:48, 17 January 2011 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Onii-chan_no_Koto_Nanka_Zenzen_Suki_Janain_Dakara_ne!!]] ==

Target of redirect: [[Oniichan_no_Koto_Nanka_Zenzen_Suki_Janain_Dakara_ne!!]]

Reason: A dash between a name or title and it's honorific is a very common notation (arguably the more common one).

Source (if applicable):
[[Special:Contributions/24.87.51.64|24.87.51.64]] ([[User talk:24.87.51.64|talk]]) 07:25, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

Revision as of 07:25, 17 January 2011


Cotton Grove Industries-Dorothy Cotton

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Target of redirect: [[ ]]

Reason:

Source (if applicable):

ALy813 (talk) 02:49, 13 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Dorothy Cotton

Dorothy Cotton born as Dorothy King on Febuary 17, 1956 is the co founder and operator of "Cotton Grove Distrubutors". After buying the company in 1994, Cotton Grove industries has taken full voice in the new housing world. Cotton has sold housing, condos and summer homes to many big celebrity, and reality stars, from Heidi Montag, Sophia Bush, Florence Henderson , and even Kaite Cassidy.

While in the Cotton Grove industries, the main company resides in Los Angeles, California, while other main offices are located in states such as Texas, Flordia, New York, and New Mexico. Since the first opening on July 18,1994, the company has expended widely leaving the question that most of her other colleagues wondered, how will she get it done on her own?

On August 13,2004 Cotton was called to the [1] in Brisbane, Australia. Along with her was (at the time)was her 12 year old neice Aly Denneane Hernandez, who followed behind her every step of the way. That day was the first of many helpers and assistants to come.

From that day Cotton has had many charity events such as Cystic Fibrosis Foundation's Breath of Life, American Heart Association, AHOPE For Children,etc,and with that many assistants. As the new years have gone by Cotton has had a hard time finding the help she needs with the companies big success. With her neice (Hernandez) by her side she still manages to find the help.

The new help with the Cotton Grove foundation is 18 year old Jennifer Resendez, and 18 year old David Gonzales. Resendez and Gonzales who currently reside in Brownsville, Texas will be joining the Cotton Grove Industry in the new 2011 according to Mrs. Cotton herself. Cotton who is looked down upon for hiring such young assistants quoted in "Housing Projects" magazine states "I hire them young because they know what the world is like, my neice is a great help but more then one voice by my side gives me a boost and ideas to make my clients happy and my imagination go wild." The two young adults will be expected to join Cotton at her first charity event the Make-A-Wish Foundation of April 2011.

Some celebrity/reality stars Cotton has served are-

  • Amy Smart
  • Adrian Brody
  • Anne Hathaway
  • Bernadette Peters
  • Catherine Bell
  • Clay Aiken
  • Cindy Crawford
  • Clint Eastwood
  • Dane Cook
  • Dave Matthews
  • David Spade
  • Elijah Wood
  • Eli Manning
  • Gisele Bundchen
  • Gerard Butler
  • Hilary Swank
  • Hayden Panettiere
  • Hayley Hasselhoff
  • Iggy Pop
  • Jimmy Buffet
  • James Blunt
  • Jamie Foxx
  • Jane Lynch
  • Janice Dickinson
  • Jay Leno
  • Jennifer Connelly
  • Jennifer Coolidge
  • Jennifer Garner
  • Josh Groban
  • Josh Hartnett
  • Julianne Moore
  • Justin Long
  • Zoe Saldana
  • Wanda Skyes
  • William Shatner
  • Victoria Beckham
  • Victoria Justice
  • Victoria Pratt
  • Uma Thurman
  • Tila Tequila
  • Tim Allen
  • Timberland
  • Tony Hawk
  • Tony Blair
  • Tim Robbins
  • Sharon Lawrence
  • Sharon Osbourne
  • Sharon Stone

Along with these stars Cotton is looking to invest in the upcoming future housing condos for music groups, and other celebrities.


This List and excerpt was done by Maddie Reddington of the Cotton Grove Industries. Cotton Grove does not release private information unless permissioned by Mrs.Cotton herself, biography and industry works and clients will be release May of 2011.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by ALy813 (talkcontribs) 02:49, 13 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Declined. A redirect cannot be created unless the target is an existing article. Either you have not specified the target, or the target does not exist. —C.Fred (talk) 06:43, 13 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Jenn Proske

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Target of redirect: [[ ]]

Reason: A famous Celebrity

Source (if applicable):

Susu909 (talk) 06:36, 13 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Declined. A redirect cannot be created unless the target is an existing article. Either you have not specified the target, or the target does not exist. —C.Fred (talk) 06:41, 13 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: [[ ]]

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Target of redirect: Hawa Singh Sharma

Reason:

Source (if applicable):

K100noo (talk) 09:36, 13 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]


no Declined The redirect target does not exist and there is nothing in the request field. Sven Manguard Wha? 16:55, 13 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: Serbian New Year

This request has been accepted. Please do not modify it.


Target of redirect: Old New Year

Reason: Old calendar New Year in Serbia is called Serbian New Year

Source (if applicable):

188.2.132.206 (talk) 10:07, 13 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: Critical Design Review

This request has been accepted. Please do not modify it.


Target of redirect: Design review (US Government)

Reason: Old CDR page deleted for lack of content. CDR still described at Design review (US Government)

Source (if applicable):

214.4.238.180 (talk) 20:45, 13 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]


This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: [[ ]]

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Target of redirect: Meade Sarett

Reason: Removed Source (if applicable):

Berneymax (talk) 21:10, 13 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

no Declined Not an article or redirect request. Sven Manguard Wha? 02:17, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: [[ ]]

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Subject/headline: Redirect request: Used Bin Radio

Target of redirect: Used Bin Radio

Reason: This Article was created using a user id that could be misconstrued as representing a group. I have since created a user id with my name represented. I'd like to redirect to the page that I created over the last four days to be associated to the new user id that I have now created.

Source (if applicable): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Articles_for_creation/Used_Bin_Radio

Cmikestone (talk) 00:57, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]


no Declined Not an article or redirect request. Sven Manguard Wha? 02:17, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: Melea Thompson

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Target of redirect: Melea Abigail Thompson

Reason:

Source (if applicable):

Cloudsrpeopleto (talk) 02:35, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

no Declined Not an article or redirect request. Kevin Rutherford (talk) 02:37, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: Forever (Rkm & Ken-Y)

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Target of redirect: [[ ]]

Reason: I'm writing about a MUSICAL GROUP, ARTIST, ALBUM, or SONG

Source (if applicable): http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=148701545175600&id=122350951159016

71.172.196.100 (talk) 03:28, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

no Declined Not an article or redirect request. Sven Manguard Wha? 04:01, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: ISBN

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Target of redirect: shioni is a person

Reason: it is a story of one girl name "Shioni"

who buy a panty from Toni for just 5 peso. . at the end of the story, Shioni got an ALLergy in her toot.. tooot. . .

Source (if applicable): http://www.isbn.org (ISBN agency)

Shioni (talk) 03:31, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

no Declined Not an article or redirect request. Sven Manguard Wha? 04:01, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.
This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

RKM & KEN-Y - DISCO FOREVER


Cinco años de éxitos le han otorgado a RKM & KEN-Y la madurez y la experiencia quedemuestran en FOREVER, la nueva producción discográfica del sello Pina Records,que les trae de regreso al pentagrama musical con una propuesta totalmente renovadapero manteniendo la fórmula que les ha convertido en los artistas urbanos más respetados dela nueva generación.FOREVER presenta la combinación ganadora del sabor urbano de RKM y el estilo R&B de KEN-Y, unidas en una plataforma musical en la que interviene KEN-Y en la producción juntoa los exitosos Myztiko, Dj Eliel y Los Magníficos, entre otros. El Disco Forever: Cuenta con Quince temas escritas por RKM & Ken-Y esta nueva producción en la que colaboran como invitados de lujo sus colegas Zion & Lennox, Alexis y Fido, Arthur Hanlon, De la Ghetto. 06 Videos proximos a grabar Ritmos - Reggaeton, Balada, Pop, Tecno, mambo, Bachata, R&B, Cumbia, belly dance, dance hall, perreo.

Collaborate Producers

Dj Myzitiko - Crazy Melody - (8 Temas Producidos)

Dj Eliel - El Que habla Con Las Manos - (7 Temas Producidos)

Dj Haze - Fino Como El Haze

DJ Duran - Duran The Coach

Ken-Y - Se lanza como Productor

Track listing

# Title Featured Guest(s) Producer(s) Time
1 Mas 3:36
2 Forever
3 Goodbye
4 Mi Corazon Esta Muerto
5 Te Amo De La Ghetto
6 Prefiero Morir
7 Tal Vez Quizas
8 Te Doy Una Rosa
9 No Vuelvas Rkm (Only)
10 Quedate Junto a Mi 4:49
11 El Party Sigue "24/7" Alexis y Fido
12 Quinceañera
13 Yo Se Ken-Y (Only) Ft.Arthur Hanlon
14 De Rodillas
15 Dembow Zion y Lennox

Esta produccion fue grabada en Puerto Rico,en los estudios que Raphy Pina mantiene en Pina Records, para proteger la calidad de susproductos. FOREVER llegará al mercado respaldado por los logros de este dúo en PuertoRico, Estados Unidos y Centro y Suramérica,

Release

El Disco Forever Saldra Ala Venta En 14 de FEBRERO del 2011.. como lo fue hace 5 años con "MASTERPIECE"

no Declined Not a category or redirect request. Sven Manguard Wha? 04:05, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Category request: Forever (Rkm & Ken-Y)

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.


Target of redirect: Forever (Rkm & Ken-Y)

Reason: Sub-topic of the article

Source (if applicable):

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.
This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Target of redirect: [[1]]

Reason: Reference

Source (if applicable):

Stylezonline (talk) 06:15, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

no Declined Wikipedia is not an advertising network, and we don't redirect searches to outside websites, ever, period. I find it insulting that people would even try this. Sven Manguard Wha? 06:25, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: Anglo-Chinese - Barker

This request has been accepted. Please do not modify it.


Target of redirect: Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)

Reason: Common abbreviation used to refer to the school.

Source (if applicable): http://redsports.sg/2008/04/24/49th-inter-school-cross-country/

203.116.59.13 (talk) 07:13, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]


This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: Easynet Connect

This request has been accepted. Please do not modify it.

Target of redirect: Easynet connect

Reason: Capitalisation

Source (if applicable): Not applicable

82.111.74.16 (talk) 10:24, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

{subst:afc redirect}}

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: P-UNIT

This request has been accepted. Please do not modify it.


Target of redirect: P UNIT

Reason: pronunciation

Source (if applicable):

Mwanix82 (talk) 14:09, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]


This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.
This request has been accepted. Please do not modify it.


Target of redirect: PLCBUS (Communication Protocol)

Reason: alternative spelling

Source (if applicable):

Mdbijl (talk) 14:39, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]


This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: [[ ]]

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Target of redirect: Apophis14081990

Reason:

Source (if applicable):

Krishaniitg (talk) 16:00, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Declined. A redirect cannot be created unless the target is an existing article. Either you have not specified the target, or the target does not exist. Armbrust Talk Contribs 17:16, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: WikiBabel

This request has been accepted. Please do not modify it.


Target of redirect: WikiBhasha

Reason: WikiBabel was the original code name of the current WikiBhasha project

Source (if applicable): http://blog.wikimedia.org/blog/2010/10/18/wikibhasha/

67.160.117.74 (talk) 16:30, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]


This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: [[ ]]

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Target of redirect: Rock o Phonix

Reason:

Source (if applicable):

210.212.8.60 (talk) 16:47, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Declined. A redirect cannot be created unless the target is an existing article. Either you have not specified the target, or the target does not exist. Armbrust Talk Contribs 17:16, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: [[ ]]

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Your article on Tunisia links to Imed Trabelsi and that name links to a page seeking information on that person, but http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imed_Trabelsi already has a French article on Imed Trabelsi.

Declined. This request is not a redirect. See the instructions at WP:AFC on how to submit an article. →GƒoleyFour18:09, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: Ndzwani

This request has been accepted. Please do not modify it.


Target of redirect: Anjouan

Reason: Island of Ndzwani (Anjouan) is included in wikipedia under its French name

Source (if applicable):

95.148.129.175 (talk) 19:06, 14 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: Ben Bratton

This request has been accepted. Please do not modify it.

Target of redirect: Benjamin Bratton

Reason: In fencing parlay, he is often referred to as "Ben Bratton." (Alternative name)

Source (if applicable): http://usfencing.org/athletes/ben-bratton

TheLabryinth (talk) 01:14, 15 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Redirect created. Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! - 2/0 (cont.) 22:01, 15 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: [[ ]]

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Target of redirect: Alpha Omega Christian Sorority Inc. ETA GRADUATE CHAPTER

Reason: ETA GRADUATE CHAPTER is a branch/chapter of Alpha Omega Christian Sorority Inc.

Source (if applicable): alphaomegasorority.com

Tinamcglory2alphaomegasorority (talk) 14:29, 15 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

no Declined No destination specified. Sven Manguard Wha? 03:10, 16 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: Ted Vallas

This request has been accepted. Please do not modify it.


Target of redirect: California Pacific Airlines

Reason: Vallas doesn't seem worthy of his own article, but since his main business venture is California Pacific Airlines (as CEO), it seems logical to redirect him to that page, at least for the time being.

Source (if applicable): http://www.flycpair.com/team/teamExecs.htm

TheLabryinth (talk) 15:11, 15 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]


This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Redirect request: Basal Metabolic Temperature

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.


Target of redirect: Basal body temperature

Reason: alternative name

Source (if applicable):

199.44.250.220 (talk) 16:19, 15 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]


  • Declined. Basal Metabolic Temperature → Basal body temperature: The title you suggested seems unlikely. Could you provide a source showing that it is a commonly used alternate name?: The word metabolic is not used once in the article.; Sven Manguard Wha? 03:13, 16 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]
This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

Ethics in new media

This request has been declined. Please do not modify it.

Ethics in new media

What Is Ethic?

Some years ago, sociologist Raymond Baumhart asked business people, "What does ethics mean to you?" Among their replies were the following: "Ethics has to do with what my feelings tell me is right or wrong." "Ethics has to do with my religious beliefs." "Being ethical is doing what the law requires." "Ethics consists of the standards of behavior our society accepts." "I don't know what the word means." These replies might be typical of our own. The meaning of "ethics" is hard to pin down, and the views many people have about ethics are shaky. Like Baumhart's first respondent, many people tend to equate ethics with their feelings. But being ethical is clearly not a matter of following one's feelings. A person following his or her feelings may recoil from doing what is right. In fact, feelings frequently deviate from what is ethical. Nor should one identify ethics with religion. Most religions, of course, advocate high ethical standards. Yet if ethics were confined to religion, then ethics would apply only to religious people. But ethics applies as much to the behavior of the atheist as to that of the saint. Religion can set high ethical standards and can provide intense motivations for ethical behavior. Ethics, however, cannot be confined to religion nor is it the same as religion. Being ethical is also not the same as following the law. The law often incorporates ethical standards to which most citizens subscribe. But laws, like feelings, can deviate from what is ethical. Our own pre-Civil War slavery laws and the old apartheid laws of present-day South Africa are grotesquely obvious examples of laws that deviate from what is ethical. Finally, being ethical is not the same as doing "whatever society accepts." In any society, most people accept standards that are, in fact, ethical. But standards of behavior in society can deviate from what is ethical. An entire society can become ethically corrupt. Nazi Germany is a good example of a morally corrupt society. Moreover, if being ethical were doing "whatever society accepts," then to find out what is ethical, one would have to find out what society accepts. To decide what I should think about abortion, for example, I would have to take a survey of American society and then conform my beliefs to whatever society accepts. But no one ever tries to decide an ethical issue by doing a survey. Further, the lack of social consensus on many issues makes it impossible to equate ethics with whatever society accepts. Some people accept abortion but many others do not. If being ethical were doing whatever society accepts, one would have to find an agreement on issues which does not, in fact, exist. What, then, is ethics? Ethics is two things. First, ethics refers to well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues. Ethics, for example, refers to those standards that impose the reasonable obligations to refrain from rape, stealing, murder, assault, slander, and fraud. Ethical standards also include those that enjoin virtues of honesty, compassion, and loyalty. And, ethical standards include standards relating to rights, such as the right to life, the right to freedom from injury, and the right to privacy. Such standards are adequate standards of ethics because they are supported by consistent and well-founded reasons. Secondly, ethics refers to the study and development of one's ethical standards. As mentioned above, feelings, laws, and social norms can deviate from what is ethical. So it is necessary to constantly examine one's standards to ensure that they are reasonable and well-founded. Ethics also means, then, the continuous effort of studying our own moral beliefs and our moral conduct, and striving to ensure that we, and the institutions we help to shape, live up to standards that are reasonable and solidly-based.

New Media

The past thirty years have witnessed the emergence of new media: interactive, computer-based devices like multimedia PCs, digital (mobile) telephones, the Internet, hand-held computers and game computers. All of these are made possible through new advances in information technology. These devices are now regularly used at work or at home by a majority of people, and their influence has extended deeply to all sectors of society, including work, leisure, education, health care, government and the arts. New media have become new mass media, contrasting with “old” electronic and print media, like the radio, television, telephone and newspaper. It is widely recognized that the social, cultural and political implications of new media are significant, and it has even been argued by many that their rise has enabled the emergence of a new, postindustrial model of society, the information society, with its own principles of social and economic organization and cultural practices (Castells, 1996). The social, cultural and political implications of new media have now become a major topic in academicresearch, in both the social sciences, humanities and arts. In recent years, an interdisciplinary field of new media studies has even emerged (Lievrouw & Livingstone, 2002; Lister et al., 2003; Wardrip-Fruin & Montfort, 2003). Whereas most research on new media is descriptive and empirical, part of it is normative and evaluative: it proposes normative criteria for the evaluation of social and cultural implications of new media use and evaluates such implications so as to assess their value, desirability, quality or worth. A survey of such normative analyses shows three major traditions: ethical analysis, normative political analysis, and aesthetic analysis.1 Ethical analysis of information technology has been the province of the field of computer ethics (Johnson, 2000; Tavani 2003). Computer ethics is a field that emerged in the 1980s out of worries stemming from unethical uses of computers, for instance in computer crime, privacy violations, free speech and censorship, and property rights, and is mainly concerned with the analysis right and wrong conduct in the use of computer technology and the formulation and justification of policies for its ethical use. Normative political analysis, which sometimes overlaps with ethical analysis, develops conceptions and arguments concerning the role of the state in the regulation of computer technology, the role of the law in such regulation, and the distribution of powers and responsibilities between citizens, corporations and the state in the use of such technology (Hill and Hughes, 1998; Saco, 2002; Mossberger et al., 2003; Fountain, 2001). It discusses issues like cyberdemocracy, distributive justice and the digital divide, liberal vs. conservative policies for regulating free speech on the internet, the protection of property rights, national security, and the common good in cyberspace. Aesthetic analysis finally, discusses the aesthetic and literary properties of new media creations and evaluates the impact of new media on our conception of art and literature (Gumbrecht and Marrinan, 2003; Wardrip-Fruin and Harrigon, 2004; Dyson and Homolka, 1996).

What critical discussions of new media show, more than anything, is that the transformative effect of new media on human culture is so profound that general questions about the good are being raised that cannot be answered in terms of the more narrow categories of ethics, politics, or aesthetics (Brey, 1998). What I am therefore proposing is the development of an applied area of research where theories of the good are applied and developed in relation to new media and new media culture. Current cultural critiques of new media often leave their conceptions of the good implicit, and rely on an intuitive recognition of the validity of their critiques in the reader. Partially because of this, studies in this area lack unity and a common vocabulary, making reasoned discussion of and comparison between them difficult. It would therefore be better if the conceptions of the good used in these critiques could be made explicit and could be discussed in relation to existing accounts of the good in philosophy. This could both lead to a better understanding of such critiques and facilitate comparison of and dialogue between them. In the remainder of this section, I will review major theories of the good that have been developed in philosophy, after which I will discuss how such theories may be useful in constructing a theory of the goodness of culture. In section 3, I will then go on to analyze how theories of the good may be applied to the analysis of technology in general, and more specifically to new media and new media culture.

The Good and New Media Culture

It may now start to become evident by now why new media are so much more transformative of culture than other modern technologies. New media, being media for information and communication, have become major carriers of cultural symbols; together with the "old" media, they have become culture's circulatory system. Even more so, in line with Marshall McLuhan's dictum that "the medium is the message" (McLuhan, 1964), it is undeniably so that new media are by no means neutral transmission media. They include new for techniques storing, representing, categorizing, transforming and communicating signs that have put their mark both the shape and the interpretation of cultural signs. Also, because they are interactive and capable of representing multimedial content and graphical environments, new media are used for much more than just communication and information transmission. They have become a medium for new individual and social practices and media in and through which institutions are realized (Mitchell, 1995; Brey, 2003). The technological infrastructure of new media even enforces norms though the structure of its hardware and software. Having applied theories of the good to culture the previous section, I will now undertake a further application to technology, and then on to new media and new media culture.

Conclusion

It was argued in this essay that an important class of normative and evaluative analyses of new media cannot be classified as either belonging to ethics, political theory, or aesthetics, and that while these critiques concern cultural aspects of new media, this is not a distinguishing feature of them, because cultural critiques can also be political, ethical or aesthetic. It was argued that these analyses are characterized because they address our general idea of the good. It was then argued that these analyses could be usefully related to philosophical theories of the good and theories of value, of which an account was subsequently given. This account was then applied to the Notion of culture to develop the idea of a theory of the culturally good, or cultural quality, and further applied to technology to develop the concept of an axiological study and critique of technology and technological culture. The axiological study of new media, new media culture, and appraisals of new media (culture) was presented as a specific variety of such studies of technology, with special importance because of the profound cultural transformations that have accompanied the diffusion of new media. It was argued that axiological analyses of new media and their appraisals can help clarify current debates on new media, and can help in the development of better critiques of new media (culture). Some example analyses were given to support this claim. Obviously, the present account is still sketchy and programmatic, but it has both a solid basis in moral theory and philosophy and in science and technology studies, and seems to be helpful in analyzing, clarifying and critiquing issues in new media and new media culture. It is to be hoped, then, that this account can be developed further for the philosophical study of new media and technology at large.

References

•Dreyfus, H. 1999. “Anonymity versus Commitment: the Dangers of Education on the Internet,” Ethics and Information Technology, 1: 15-21.

• Brey, P. 2000. “Method in Computer Ethics: Towards a Multi-Level Interdisciplinary Approach,”Ethics and Information Technology, 2(3): 1-

• Dreyfus, H. 1999. “Anonymity versus Commitment: the Dangers of Education on the Internet,” Ethics and Information Technology, 1: 15-21.

• Tavani, H. 2003. Ethics and Technology: Ethical Issues in an Age of information and Communication Technology. Wiley.

• Turkle, S. 1995. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet. New York: Simon & Schuster.

• Verbeek, P.P. 2002. “Devices of Engagement: On Borgmann's Philosophy of Information and Technology,” Techné: Journal of the Society for Philosophy and Technology, 6(1): 69-92.

• Virilio, P. 1994. The Vision Machine. Indiana University Press. [trans. from French, La Machine Technè 11:1 Fall 2007 Brey, Theorizing the Cultural Quality of New Media/18 De Vision, 1988]

• Wardrip-Fruin, N. and Harrigon, P., eds. 2004. New Media as Story, Performance, and Game. MIT Press.

• Wardrip-Fruin, N. and Montfort, N., ed. 2003. The New Media Reader. MIT Press.

• Winner, L . 1980. “Do Artifacts Have Politics?,” Daedalus, 109: 121-136.

• Winner, L. 1997. “Cyberlibertarian Myths and the Prospects for Community,”Computers and Society, 27:3: 14-19. Zhai, P. 1998. Get Real. A Philosophical Adventure in Virtual Reality. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

• Lievrouw, L. & Livingstone. S., eds. 2002. Handbook of New Media: Social Shaping and Consequences of ICTs. Sage. Lister, M., Dovey, J., Giddings, S., Grant, I. and Kell, K. 2003. New Media. A Critical Introduction. London and New York: Routledge.

no Declined Not a redirect or category request. Wikipedia also does not use the essay format in its articles, so this would have to be modified heavily if it were to be submitted as an article. Sven Manguard Wha? 03:02, 16 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

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122.162.81.7 (talk) 20:23, 15 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

  • Declined. Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences → SPPGIDMS : A redirect cannot be created unless the target is an existing article. Either you have not specified the target, or the target does not exist; Jarkeld (talk) 22:32, 15 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]
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82.166.236.251 (talk) 19:36, 16 January 2011 (UTC) COUNT JOSEP TOISTER WAS NOMINATED AS COUNT OF CARNIOLA AT 15 DECEMBER 2010[reply]

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  1. ^ Rescue for Animals Charity