Important Bird Area: Difference between revisions
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*[[Vanhankaupunginlahti]], [[Helsinki]], [[Finland]] |
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*[[Wasgamuwa National Park]], [[Sri Lanka]] |
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*[[West Sister Island]], [[Ohio]], [[United States]] |
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*[[Whitefish Point Bird Observatory]], [[Upper Peninsula]] of [[Michigan]], [[United States]] |
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*[[Yala National Park]], [[Sri Lanka]] |
*[[Yala National Park]], [[Sri Lanka]] |
Revision as of 11:34, 14 May 2011
An Important Bird Area (IBA) is an area recognized as being globally important habitat for the conservation of bird populations. Currently there are about 10,000 IBAs worldwide. The program was developed and sites are identified by BirdLife International. These sites are small enough to be entirely conserved and differ in their character, habitat or ornithological importance from the suroounding habitat. In the United States the Program is administered by the National Audubon Society.[1]
Often IBAs form part of a country's existing protected area network, and so are protected under national legislation. Legal recognition and protection of IBAs that are not within existing protected areas varies within different countries. Some countries have a National IBA Conservation Strategy, whereas in others protection is completely lacking.[2]
Criteria
IBAs are determined by an internationally-agreed set of criteria. Specific IBA thresholds are set by regional and national governing organizations. To be listed as an IBA, a site must satisfy at least one of the following rating criteria:
- A1. Globally threatened species
The site qualifies if it is known, estimated or thought to hold a population of a species categorized by the IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. In general, the regular presence of a Critical or Endangered species, irrespective of population size, at a site may be sufficient for a site to qualify as an IBA. For Vulnerable species, the presence of more than threshold numbers at a site is necessary to trigger selection.
- A2. Restricted-range species
The site forms one of a set selected to ensure that all restricted-range species of an EBA or SA are present in significant numbers in at least one site and preferably more.
- A3. Biome-restricted species
The site forms one of a set selected to ensure adequate representation of all species restricted to a given biome, both across the biome as a whole and for all of its species in each range state.
- A4. Congregations
- i.This applies to 'waterbird' species as defined by Delaney and Scott [3] and is modelled on criterion 6 of the Ramsar Convention for identifying wetlands of international importance. Depending upon how species are distributed, the 1% thresholds for the biogeographic populations may be taken directly from Delaney & Scott, they may be generated by combining flyway populations within a biogeographic region or, for those for which no quantitative thresholds are given, they are determined regionally or inter-regionally, as appropriate, using the best available information.
- ii.This includes those seabird species not covered by Delaney and Scott (2002). Quantitative data are taken from a variety of published and unpublished sources.
- iii.This is modelled on citerion 5 of the Ramsar Convention for identifying wetlands of international importance. The use of this criterion is discouraged where quantitative data are good enough to permit the application of A4i and A4ii, .
- iv.The site is known or thought to exceed thresholds set for migratory species at bottleneck sites.[4]
The assessment by expert individuals is however not entirely reliable and a study in South America found that the coverage needed for at-risk bird conservation as chosen by computational algorithms rarely overlapped with IBAs and suggested that such methods should be used to complement expert driven IBA site choices.[5]
Some IBAs
The small, but ecologically rich island nation of Sri Lanka is a paradise for bird lovers. The island is home to one of the highest densities of Important Bird Areas while being home to several endemic species. A few national parks of Sri Lanka that are also accredited as Important Bird Areas are listed below.
- Akyatan Lagoon, Çukurova, Turkey
- Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve, Lebanon
- Alepu Nature Reserve, Bulgaria
- Belum-Temengor, Malaysia
- Berlinguet Inlet, Nunavut, Canada
- Boundary Bay, British Columbia, Canada
- Cemlyn Bay, Wales
- Çiğli, Turkey
- Congaree National Park, South Carolina, United States
- Cousin Island, Seychelles
- Farne Islands, England
- Fowlsheugh, Scotland
- Horton Plains National Park, Sri Lanka
- Hutovo Blato, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve, Oregon, United States
- Kaziranga National Park, India
- Kaudulla National Park, Sri Lanka
- Kullaberg, Sweden
- Lake Žuvintas, Lithuania
- Leslie Street Spit, Ontario, Canada
- Ludaš Lake, Serbia
- Michigan (over 500 sites are under consideration).[6]
- Minneriya National Park, Sri Lanka
- Nigula Nature Reserve, Estonia
- Palm Islands Nature Reserve, Lebanon
- Phoenix Islands Protected Area, Kiribati
- Presque Isle State Park, Erie, Pennsylvania
- Presqu'ile Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada
- Prince Edward Island National Park, Prince Edward Island, Canada
- Richardson Bay, California, United States
- Restigouche River, New Brunswick and Quebec, Canada
- Serranía de las Quinchas, Colombia
- Sinharaja Forest Reserve, Sri Lanka
- Rondeau Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada
- The Skerries, Wales
- Tanjung Tuan, Malaysia
- Tawas Point State Park, Lower Peninsula of Michigan, United States
- Thane Creek, India
- Tussey Mountain, Pennsylvania, United States
- Tyuleniy Archipelago (Kazakhstan)
- Vanhankaupunginlahti, Helsinki, Finland
- Wasgamuwa National Park, Sri Lanka
- West Sister Island, Ohio, United States
- Whitefish Point Bird Observatory, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, United States
- Yala National Park, Sri Lanka
- Ynys Feurig, Wales
- Ythan Estuary, Scotland
Notes
- ^ Important Bird Areas Program, A Global Currency for Bird Conservation, National Audubon Society.
- ^ Important Bird Areas (IBA). In: UNEP-WCMC. 2010. A-Z Guide of Areas of Biodiversity Importance. UNEP-WCMC. Cambridge, UK. www.biodiversityA-Z.org
- ^ Delaney and Scott(2002) Waterbird Population Estimates Third Edition, Wetlands International, Wagenigen, The Netherlands
- ^ BirdLife International, 2008,Global IBA Criteria, retrieved 2008-9-27
- ^ Niall O’Dea,* Miguel B. Araújo and Robert J. Whittaker (2006) How well do Important Bird Areas represent species and minimize conservation conflict in the tropical Andes? Diversity and Distributions 12:205–214
- ^ Michigan Important Bird Areas, Michigan Audubon Society.
See also
- Avicide
- List of Important Bird Areas in the United Kingdom
- List of birds of Sri Lanka
- Department of Wildlife Conservation (Sri Lanka)
External links
- A-Z of Areas of Biodiversity Importance: Important Bird Areas
- Important Bird Areas (IBAs) - BirdLife International
- Important Bird Areas Programme - Audubon: Birds & Science