Amethyst: Difference between revisions

Amethyst
Amethyst
	Amethyst cluster from Magaliesburg, South Africa.
General
Category	Mineral variety
Formula; (repeating unit)	Silica (silicon dioxide, SiO2)
Crystal system	rhombohedral class 32
Identification
Color	Purple, violet
Crystal habit	6-sided prism ending in 6-sided pyramid (typical)
Twinning	Dauphine law, Brazil law, and Japan law
Cleavage	None
Fracture	Conchoidal
Mohs scale hardness	7–lower in impure varieties
Luster	Vitreous/glossy
Streak	White
Diaphaneity	Transparent to translucent
Specific gravity	2.65 constant; variable in impure varieties
Optical properties	Uniaxial (+)
Refractive index	nω = 1.543–1.553 nε = 1.552–1.554
Birefringence	+0.009 (B-G interval)
Pleochroism	None
Melting point	1650±75 °C
Solubility	insoluble in common solvents
Other characteristics	Piezoelectric

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Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz often used in jewelry. The name comes from the Ancient Greek ἀ a- ("not") and μέθυστος methustos ("intoxicated"), a reference to the belief that the stone protected its owner from drunkenness; the ancient Greeks and Romans wore amethyst and made drinking vessels of it in the belief that it would prevent intoxication. It is one of several forms of quartz. Amethyst is the traditional birthstone for February.

Structure

Amethyst is the purple variety of quartz (SiO₂), containing an impurity of iron, which gives the violet color to the mineral.^[1] The hardness of the mineral is the same as quartz's, thus it is suitable for use in jewelry.

Hue and tone

Amethyst occurs in primary hues from a light pinkish violet to a deep purple. Amethyst may exhibit one or both secondary hues, red and blue. The ideal grade is called "Deep Siberian" and has a primary purple hue of around 75–80%, 15–20% blue and (depending on the light source) red secondary hues.^[2] Green quartz is sometimes incorrectly called green amethyst, which is an actual misnomer and not an acceptable name for the material, the proper terminology being prasiolite. It is actually against FTC Guidelines to call prasiolite green amethyst.^{[citation needed]} Other names for green quartz are vermarine, greened amethyst, or lime citrine.

File:Amethyst.JPG

Faceted amethyst

Of very variable intensity, the color of amethyst is often laid out in stripes parallel to the final faces of the crystal. One aspect in the art of lapidary involves the correct cutting to place the color correctly in order to make the tone of the cut stones homogeneous. The fact that sometimes only a thin surface layer of violet color is present in the stone, or that the color is not homogeneous often makes for a difficult cutting.

The color of amethyst has been demonstrated to result from substitution of trivalent iron (Fe³⁺) in the structure.^[3] When heated, amethyst may turm yellow-orange, yellow-brown, or dark brownish and may resemble citrine.^[4]

History

Amethyst was used as a gemstone by the ancient Egyptians and was largely employed in antiquity for intaglio engraved gems.^[5]

The Greeks believed amethyst gems could prevent intoxication,^[6] while medieval European soldiers wore amethyst amulets as protection in battle – the reason for this being that amethysts are believed to heal people and keep them cool-headed.^[7] Beads of amethyst were found in Anglo-Saxon graves in England.^[8]

A large geode, or "amethyst-grotto", from near Santa Cruz in southern Brazil was presented at the 1902 exhibition in Düsseldorf, Germany.

In the 19th century, the color of amethyst was attributed to the presence of manganese. However, since it is capable of being greatly altered and even discharged by heat, the color was believed by some authorities to be from an organic source. Ferric thiocyanate has been suggested, and sulfur was said to have been detected in the mineral.^[9]

Synthetic amethyst

Synthetic amethyst is thus man-made by gamma-ray, x-ray or electron beam irradiation of clear quartz which has been first doped with ferric impurities. On exposure to heat, the irradiation effects can be partially cancelled and amethyst generally becomes yellow or even green, and much of the citrine, cairngorm, or yellow quartz of jewelry is said to be merely "burnt amethyst".^[10]

Synthetic amethyst is made to imitate the best quality amethyst. Its chemical and physical properties are so similar to that of natural amethyst that it can not be differentiated with absolute certainty without advanced gemnological testing (which is often cost-prohibitive). There is one test based on "Brazil law twinning" (a form of quartz twinning where right and left hand quartz structures are combined in a single crystal^[11]) which can be used to identify synthetic amethyst rather easily. It is possible to synthesize twinned amethyst, but this type is not available in large quantities in the market.^[2]

Mythology

The Greek word "amethystos" may be translated as "not drunken", from Greek a-, "not" + methustos, "intoxicated".^[12] Amethyst was considered to be a strong antidote against drunkenness, which is why wine goblets were often carved from it. In Greek mythology, Dionysus, the god of intoxication, and of wine, was pursuing a maiden named Amethystos, who refused his affections. Amethystos prayed to the gods to remain chaste, a prayer which the goddess Artemis answered, transforming her into a white stone. Humbled by Amethystos's desire to remain chaste, Dionysus poured wine over the stone as an offering, dyeing the crystals purple.

Variations of the story include that Dionysus had been insulted by a mortal and swore to slay the next mortal who crossed his path, creating fierce tigers to carry out his wrath. The mortal turned out to be a beautiful young woman, Amethystos, who was on her way to pay tribute to Artemis. Her life was spared by Artemis, who transformed the maiden into a statue of pure crystalline quartz to protect her from the brutal claws. Dionysus wept tears of wine in remorse for his action at the sight of the beautiful statue. The god's tears then stained the quartz purple.^[13] Another variation involves the titan Rhea presenting Dionysus with the amethyst stone to preserve the wine-drinker's sanity.^[14]

Geographic distribution

Amethyst is produced in abundance from the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil where it occurs in large geodes within volcanic rocks. Many of the hollow agates of southwestern Brazil and Uruguay contain a crop of amethyst crystals in the interior. Artigas, Uruguay and neighboring Brazilian state Rio Grande do Sul are large world producers exceeding in quantity Minas Gerais, as well as Mato Grosso, Espirito Santo, Bahia, and Ceará states, all amethyst producers of importance in Brazil.

It is also found and mined in South Korea. The largest opencast amethyst vein in the world is in Maissau, Lower Austria. Much fine amethyst comes from Russia, especially from near Mursinka in the Ekaterinburg district, where it occurs in drusy cavities in granitic rocks. Many localities in south India yield amethyst. One of the largest global amethyst producers is Zambia in southern Africa with an annual production of about 1000 tonnes.

Amethyst occurs at many localities in the United States.^[9] Among these may be mentioned: the Mazatzal Mountain region in Gila and Maricopa Counties, Arizona; Red Feather Lakes, near Ft Collins, Colorado; Amethyst Mountain, Texas; Yellowstone National Park; Delaware County, Pennsylvania; Haywood County, North Carolina; Deer Hill and Stow, Maine and in the Lake Superior region of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ontario in Canada. Amethyst is relatively common in Ontario, and in various locations throughout Nova Scotia. The largest amethyst mine in North America is located in Thunder Bay, Ontario.

An amethyst geode that formed when large crystals grew in open spaces inside the rock.

Value

Up until the 18th century, amethyst was included in the cardinal, or most valuable, gemstones (along with diamond, sapphire, ruby, and emerald). However, since the discovery of extensive deposits in locations such as Brazil, it has lost most of its value.

Collectors look for depth of color, possibly with red flashes if cut conventionally.^[15] The highest grade amethyst (called "Deep Russian") is exceptionally rare and therefore, when one is found, its value is dependent on the demand of collectors. It is, however, still orders of magnitude lower than the highest grade sapphires or rubies (padparadscha sapphire or "pigeon's blood" ruby).^[2]

References

^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c Secrets of the Gem Trade; The Connoisseur's Guide to Precious Gemstones Richard W Wise, Brunswick House Press, Lenox, Massachutes., 2005 ISBN 0-9728223-8-0
^ Dennen, William H. and Anita M. Puckett, On the Chemistry and Color of Amethyst, Canadian Mineralogist, V. 11, pp. 448-456 (1972)
^ Mindat.org Amethyst
^ Gems, Notes and Extracts Augosto Castellani (famous Italian 19th century jeweler), page 34, London, Bell and Daldy, 1871 ISBN 1-141-06174-0
^ Diamonds, Pearls and Precious Stones Marcell N Smith, Griffith Stillings Press, Boston, Massachutes., 1913, page 74
^ "Curious Lore of Precious Stones" George Frederick Kunz, Lippincott Company, Philadelphia & London, 1913
^ The Blackwell encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England, page 261
^ ^a ^b Chisholm 1911.
^ Synthetic, imitation, and treated gemstones, Michael O'Donoghue pages 124 & 125, Reed Elsevier publishing 1997
^ "Quartz Page Twinning Crystals". Retrieved 2007-05-28.
^ The American Heritage Dictionary
^ The amethyst Gemstone.org
^ Nonnus, Dionysiaca, 12. 380
^ CIBJO guidelines,

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Amethyst". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

External links

[1] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[WiseSecrets1-2] Secrets of the Gem Trade; The Connoisseur's Guide to Precious Gemstones Richard W Wise, Brunswick House Press, Lenox, Massachutes., 2005 ISBN 0-9728223-8-0

[3] Dennen, William H. and Anita M. Puckett, On the Chemistry and Color of Amethyst, Canadian Mineralogist, V. 11, pp. 448-456 (1972)

[4] Mindat.org Amethyst

[castellani-5] Gems, Notes and Extracts Augosto Castellani (famous Italian 19th century jeweler), page 34, London, Bell and Daldy, 1871 ISBN 1-141-06174-0

[smith-6] Diamonds, Pearls and Precious Stones Marcell N Smith, Griffith Stillings Press, Boston, Massachutes., 1913, page 74

[7] "Curious Lore of Precious Stones" George Frederick Kunz, Lippincott Company, Philadelphia & London, 1913

[8] The Blackwell encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England, page 261

[FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-9] Chisholm 1911.

[10] Synthetic, imitation, and treated gemstones, Michael O'Donoghue pages 124 & 125, Reed Elsevier publishing 1997

[11] "Quartz Page Twinning Crystals". Retrieved 2007-05-28.

[12] The American Heritage Dictionary

[13] The amethyst Gemstone.org

[14] Nonnus, Dionysiaca, 12. 380

[15] CIBJO guidelines,

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Other uses}}
-Ameythst is purple and its pretty and its a birth stone  thats so good INFO!
+{{Infobox mineral
-PLAY DDTANK OH YEAH
+| name        = Amethyst
-=///http.ameythst awesome ////dasas.asd3432wr
+| category    = Mineral variety
+| boxwidth    =
+| boxbgcolor  =
+| image       = Amethyst. Magaliesburg, South Africa.jpg
+| image_caption =
+| imagesize   = 300px
+| caption     = Amethyst cluster from [[Magaliesburg]], South Africa.
+| formula     = [[Silica]] (silicon dioxide, [[Silicon|Si]][[Oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub>)
+| molweight   =
+| color       = Purple, violet
+| habit       = 6-sided prism ending in 6-sided pyramid (typical)
+| system      = [[rhombohedral]] class 32
+| twinning    = Dauphine law, Brazil law, and Japan law
+| cleavage    = None
+| fracture    = Conchoidal
+| mohs        = 7–lower in impure varieties
+| luster      = Vitreous/glossy
+| refractive  = n<sub>ω</sub> = 1.543–1.553 n<sub>ε</sub> = 1.552–1.554
+| opticalprop = Uniaxial (+)
+| birefringence = +0.009 (B-G interval)
+| pleochroism = None
+| streak      = White
+| gravity     = 2.65 constant; variable in impure varieties
+| density     =
+| melt        = 1650±75 °C
+| fusibility  =
+| diagnostic  =
+| solubility  = insoluble in common solvents
+| diaphaneity = Transparent to translucent
+| other       = Piezoelectric
+}}
+'''Amethyst''' is a violet variety of [[quartz]] often used in [[jewelry]]. The name comes from the [[Ancient Greek]] ''ἀ'' ''a-'' ("not") and ''μέθυστος'' ''methustos'' ("intoxicated"), a reference to the belief that the stone protected its owner from [[drunkenness]]; the [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greeks]] and [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] wore amethyst and made [[drinking]] vessels of it in the belief that it would prevent [[Alcohol intoxication|intoxication]].  It is one of several forms of [[quartz]].  Amethyst is the traditional [[birthstone]] for February.
+==Structure==
+Amethyst is the purple variety of [[quartz]] (SiO<sub>2</sub>), containing an impurity of iron, which gives the violet color to the mineral.<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd}}</ref>  The [[Mohs scale of hardness|hardness]] of the mineral is the same as quartz's, thus it is suitable for use in jewelry.
+==Hue and tone==
+Amethyst occurs in primary hues from a light pinkish violet to a deep purple. Amethyst may exhibit one or both secondary hues, red and blue. The ideal grade is called "Deep Siberian" and has a primary purple hue of around 75–80%, 15–20% blue and (depending on the light source) red secondary hues.<ref name="WiseSecrets1">''Secrets of the Gem Trade; The Connoisseur's Guide to Precious Gemstones'' Richard W Wise, Brunswick House Press, Lenox, Massachutes., 2005 ISBN 0-9728223-8-0</ref> Green quartz is sometimes incorrectly called green amethyst, which is an actual misnomer and not an acceptable name for the material, the proper terminology being prasiolite. It is actually against FTC Guidelines to call prasiolite ''green amethyst''.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} Other names for green quartz are vermarine, greened amethyst, or lime citrine.
+[[File:Amethyst.JPG|thumb|left|Faceted amethyst]]
+Of very variable intensity, the color of amethyst is often laid out in stripes parallel to the final faces of the crystal.  One aspect in the art of [[lapidary]] involves the correct cutting to place the color correctly in order to make the tone of the cut stones homogeneous. The fact that sometimes only a thin surface layer of violet color is present in the stone, or that the color is not homogeneous often makes for a difficult cutting.
+The color of amethyst has been demonstrated to result from substitution of trivalent iron (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) in the structure.<ref>[http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/cm/vol11/CM11_448.pdf Dennen, William H. and Anita M. Puckett, ''On the Chemistry and Color of Amethyst,'' Canadian Mineralogist, V. 11, pp. 448-456 (1972)]</ref> When heated, amethyst may turm yellow-orange, yellow-brown, or dark brownish and may resemble [[citrine]].<ref>[http://www.mindat.org/min-198.html Mindat.org Amethyst]</ref>
+==History==
+[[File:Intaglio Caracalla Cdm Paris Chab2101.jpg|thumb|Roman [[Intaglio (printmaking)|intaglio]] [[engraved gem]] of [[Caracalla]] in amethyst, once in the Treasury of [[Sainte-Chapelle]].]]
+Amethyst was used as a [[gemstone]] by the ancient [[Egypt]]ians and was largely employed in antiquity for [[intaglio (jewelry)|intaglio engraved gems]].<ref name="castellani">''Gems, Notes and Extracts'' Augosto Castellani (famous Italian 19th century jeweler), page 34, London, Bell and Daldy, 1871 ISBN 1-141-06174-0</ref>
+The Greeks believed amethyst gems could prevent intoxication,<ref name="smith">[http://www.farlang.com/gemstones/smith-diamonds-pearls-stones/page_087 ''Diamonds, Pearls and Precious Stones''] Marcell N Smith, Griffith Stillings Press, Boston, Massachutes., 1913, page 74</ref> while medieval European soldiers wore amethyst [[amulets]] as protection in battle – the reason for this being that amethysts are believed to heal people and keep them cool-headed.<ref>[http://www.farlang.com/gemstones/kunz-curious-lore-stones/page_077 "Curious Lore of Precious Stones"] George Frederick Kunz, Lippincott Company, Philadelphia & London, 1913</ref> Beads of amethyst were found in [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] graves in England.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=f65VUNvxQjkC&pg=PA261&lpg=PA261&dq=amethyst+beads+anglo-saxon+hoards&source=bl&ots=bf_-f7lVze&sig=pZOTbfkmS5nC2JTqL2fgGMHBNSc&hl=en&ei=U-NnTrOsL8aCOuao7b0L&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=amethyst%20beads%20anglo-saxon%20hoards&f=false  The Blackwell encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England,  page 261]</ref>
+A large [[geode]], or "amethyst-grotto", from near Santa Cruz in southern [[Brazil]] was presented at the 1902 exhibition in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]].
+In the 19th century, the color of amethyst was attributed to the presence of [[manganese]]. However, since it is capable of being greatly altered and even discharged by heat, the color was believed by some authorities to be from an organic source. [[Iron|Ferric]] [[thiocyanate]] has been suggested, and [[sulfur]] was said to have been detected in the mineral.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
+==Synthetic amethyst==
+Synthetic amethyst is thus man-made by [[gamma-ray]], [[x-ray]] or electron beam irradiation of clear quartz which has been first doped with ferric impurities. On exposure to heat, the irradiation effects can be partially cancelled and amethyst generally becomes yellow or even green, and much of the [[citrine]], [[Cairngorm (mineral)|cairngorm]], or yellow quartz of jewelry is said to be merely "burnt amethyst".<ref>''Synthetic, imitation, and treated gemstones, Michael O'Donoghue'' pages 124 & 125, Reed Elsevier publishing 1997</ref>
+Synthetic amethyst is made to imitate the best quality amethyst. Its chemical and physical properties are so similar to that of natural amethyst that it can not be differentiated with absolute certainty without advanced gemnological testing (which is often cost-prohibitive). There is one test based on "Brazil law twinning" (a form of [[Crystal twinning|quartz twinning]] where right and left hand quartz structures are combined in a single crystal<ref>{{cite web|url = http://quartzpage.de/crs_twins.html|title = Quartz Page Twinning Crystals|accessdate = 2007-05-28}}</ref>) which can be used to identify synthetic amethyst rather easily. It is possible to synthesize twinned amethyst, but this type is not available in large quantities in the market.<ref name="WiseSecrets1"/>
+==Mythology==
+The Greek word "amethystos" may be translated as "not drunken", from Greek ''a-'', "not" + ''methustos'', "intoxicated".<ref>The American Heritage Dictionary</ref> Amethyst was considered to be a strong antidote against drunkenness, which is why wine goblets were often carved from it. In Greek mythology, [[Dionysus]], the god of intoxication, and of wine, was pursuing a maiden named Amethystos, who refused his affections. Amethystos prayed to the gods to remain chaste, a prayer which the goddess [[Artemis]] answered, transforming her into a white stone. Humbled by Amethystos's desire to remain chaste, Dionysus poured wine over the stone as an offering, dyeing the crystals purple.
+Variations of the story include that Dionysus had been insulted by a mortal and swore to slay the next mortal who crossed his path, creating fierce tigers to carry out his wrath. The mortal turned out to be a beautiful young woman, Amethystos, who was on her way to pay tribute to [[Artemis]]. Her life was spared by Artemis, who transformed the maiden into a statue of pure crystalline quartz to protect her from the brutal claws. Dionysus wept tears of wine in remorse for his action at the sight of the beautiful statue. The god's tears then stained the quartz purple.<ref>[http://gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/amethyst.html The amethyst] Gemstone.org</ref> Another variation involves the titan [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]] presenting Dionysus with the amethyst stone to preserve the wine-drinker's sanity.<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]],'' 12. 380</ref>
+==Geographic distribution==
+Amethyst is produced in abundance from the state of [[Minas Gerais]] in [[Brazil]] where it occurs in large [[geode]]s within [[volcanic rock]]s. Many of the hollow agates of southwestern [[Brazil]] and [[Uruguay]] contain a crop of amethyst crystals in the interior. [[Artigas, Uruguay]] and neighboring Brazilian state [[Rio Grande do Sul]] are large world producers exceeding in quantity [[Minas Gerais]], as well as [[Mato Grosso]], [[Espirito Santo]], [[Bahia]], and [[Ceará]] states, all amethyst producers of importance in Brazil.
+It is also found and mined in [[South Korea]]. The largest opencast amethyst vein in the world is in [[Maissau]], Lower [[Austria]]. Much fine amethyst comes from [[Russia]], especially from near [[Mursinka]] in the [[Ekaterinburg]] district, where it occurs in [[Druse (geology)|drusy]] cavities in granitic rocks. Many localities in south [[India]] yield amethyst. One of the largest global amethyst producers is [[Zambia]] in southern [[Africa]] with an annual production of about 1000 tonnes.
+Amethyst occurs at many localities in the [[United States]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Among these may be mentioned: the [[Mazatzal Mountain]] region in [[Gila County, Arizona|Gila]] and [[Maricopa County, Arizona|Maricopa Counties]], [[Arizona]]; Red Feather Lakes, near Ft Collins, Colorado; [[Amethyst Mountain]], [[Texas]]; [[Yellowstone National Park]]; [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania]]; [[Haywood County, North Carolina]]; Deer Hill and Stow, [[Maine]] and in the [[Lake Superior]] region of [[Minnesota]], [[Wisconsin]], [[Michigan]], and [[Ontario]] in [[Canada]]. Amethyst is relatively common in [[Ontario]], and in various locations throughout [[Nova Scotia]]. The largest amethyst mine in [[North America]] is located in [[Thunder Bay]], Ontario.
+[[File:Druse.jpg|500px|center|thumb|An amethyst [[geode]] that formed when large crystals grew in open spaces inside the rock.]]
+==Value==
+Up until the 18th century, amethyst was included in the [[Cardinal gem|cardinal]], or most valuable, gemstones (along with [[diamond]], [[sapphire]], [[ruby]], and [[emerald]]). However, since the discovery of extensive deposits in locations such as [[Brazil]], it has lost most of its value.
+Collectors look for depth of color, possibly with red flashes if cut conventionally.<ref>CIBJO guidelines,</ref> The highest grade amethyst (called "Deep Russian") is exceptionally rare and therefore, when one is found, its value is dependent on the demand of collectors. It is, however, still orders of magnitude lower than the highest grade sapphires or rubies (padparadscha sapphire or "pigeon's blood" ruby).<ref name=WiseSecrets1/>
+==See also==
+*[[List of minerals]]
+*[[Specimen Ridge]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist|2}}
+;Attribution
+*{{1911|wstitle=Amethyst}}
+==External links==
+{{Commons|Amethyst}}
+*[http://mindat.org/min-198.html Mindat: mineralogical information, crystallography and nomenclature]
+*[http://gemstone.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=98:sapphire&catid=1:gem-by-gem&Itemid=14 gemstone.org - International colored Gemstone Association]
+{{Jewellery}}
+{{Silica minerals}}
+[[Category:Gemstones]]
+[[Category:Quartz varieties]]
+[[Category:Provincial symbols of Ontario]]
+[[Category:Trigonal minerals]]
+[[ar:جمشت]]
+[[an:Amatista]]
+[[az:Ametist]]
+[[be:Аметыст]]
+[[be-x-old:Амэтыст]]
+[[bg:Аметист]]
+[[ca:Ametista]]
+[[cs:Ametyst]]
+[[da:Ametyst]]
+[[de:Amethyst]]
+[[et:Ametüst]]
+[[el:Αμέθυστος]]
+[[es:Amatista]]
+[[eo:Ametisto]]
+[[eu:Amatista]]
+[[fa:آمیتیست]]
+[[fr:Améthyste]]
+[[ga:Aimitis]]
+[[gu:એમિથિસ્ટ]]
+[[ko:자수정]]
+[[hi:अमेथिस्ट]]
+[[io:Ametisto]]
+[[id:Batu kecubung]]
+[[is:Ametýst]]
+[[it:Ametista]]
+[[he:אחלמה]]
+[[jv:Watu Akik Kecubung Kasihan]]
+[[kn:ಅಮೆಥಿಸ್ಟ್‌ (ಪದ್ಮರಾಗ)]]
+[[ka:ამეთვისტო]]
+[[kk:Аметист]]
+[[la:Amethystus]]
+[[lv:Ametists]]
+[[lt:Ametistas]]
+[[hu:Ametiszt]]
+[[mk:Аметист]]
+[[ml:അമീഥിസ്റ്റ്]]
+[[nah:Tlapaltehuilōtl]]
+[[nl:Amethist]]
+[[ja:アメシスト]]
+[[no:Ametyst]]
+[[nn:Ametyst]]
+[[pl:Ametyst]]
+[[pt:Ametista]]
+[[ro:Ametist]]
+[[ru:Аметист]]
+[[sah:Аметист]]
+[[simple:Amethyst]]
+[[sk:Ametyst]]
+[[sl:Ametist]]
+[[sr:Аметист]]
+[[fi:Ametisti]]
+[[sv:Ametist]]
+[[th:เขี้ยวหนุมาน]]
+[[tr:Ametist]]
+[[uk:Аметист]]
+[[ur:یاقوت ارغوانی]]
+[[ug:سۆسۈنە ياقۇت]]
+[[vi:Ametit]]
+[[wo:Ametist]]
+[[bat-smg:Ametėsts]]
+[[zh:紫水晶]]