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| name = ''Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus''
| name = ''Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus''
| image = 2011-08-31_Panaeolus_papilionaceus_(Bull.)_Qu%C3%A9l_183735.jpg
| image = 2011-08-31_Panaeolus_papilionaceus_(Bull.)_Qu%C3%A9l_183735.jpg
| image_width = 395px
| image_width = 155px
| regnum = [[Fungi]]
| regnum = [[Fungi]]
| phylum = [[Basidiomycota]]
| phylum = [[Basidiomycota]]
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| ecologicalType=saprotrophic
| ecologicalType=saprotrophic
| sporePrintColor=black
| sporePrintColor=black
| howEdible=unknown}}
| howEdible=edible}}


'''''Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus''''', also known as ''Agaricus calosus'', ''Panaeolus papilionaceus'', ''Panaeolus campanulatus'', ''Panaeolus retirugis'', and ''Panaeolus sphinctrinus'', and commonly known as '''Petticoat mottlegill''', is a common and widely distributed little brown mushroom that [[Coprophilous fungi|feeds on dung]].
'''''Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus''''', also known as ''Agaricus calosus'', ''Panaeolus papilionaceus'', ''Panaeolus campanulatus'', ''Panaeolus retirugis'', and ''Panaeolus sphinctrinus'', and commonly known as '''Petticoat mottlegill''', is a common and widely distributed little brown mushroom that [[Coprophilous fungi|feeds on dung]].
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*'''Taste''': Unappetizing.
*'''Taste''': Unappetizing.
*'''Microscopic features''': Basidia 4-sterigmate; abruptly clavate. Cheilocystidia abundant; subcylindric, often subcapitate or capitate.
*'''Microscopic features''': Basidia 4-sterigmate; abruptly clavate. Cheilocystidia abundant; subcylindric, often subcapitate or capitate.

Does not contain [[psilocybin]], however several very similar looking ''Panaeolus'' species have small amounts.


==Habitat and formation==
==Habitat and formation==
Singly or in small groups on cow/horse dung and moose droppings, and in pastures, widely distributed in North America, spring, summer, and fall and through the winter in warmer climates. It can be found in countries including<ref name="worldwide">[http://www.museocivico.rovereto.tn.it/UploadDocs/104_art09-Guzman%20&%20C.pdf Worldwide Distribution of Neurotropic Fungi, Guzman (www.museocivico.rovereto.tn.it)]</ref> [[Canada]] ([[Alberta]],<ref name="observer"/> [[British Columbia]]), the United States ([[Alabama]], Alaska, [[California]],<ref name="observer">[http://mushroomobserver.org/observer/observation_search?pattern=Panaeolus+papilionaceus ''Panaeolus papilionaceus''] The Mushroom Observer (mushroomobserver.org)]</ref> [[Colorado]], [[Florida]],<ref name="observer"/> [[Indiana]], [[Louisiana]],<ref name="observer"/> [[Maine]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Missouri]], [[Montana]],<ref name="observer"/> [[New Mexico]], [[Texas]],<ref name="observer"/> [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]],<ref name="observer"/>), the Caribbean ([[Bahamas]], [[Cuba]], San Vincent Island), [[Chile]], [[Colombia]], [[Uruguay]], [[France]], [[The Netherlands]], [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]], [[Mexico]],<ref name="observer"/> [[Norway]], [[Slovenia]],<ref name="observer"/> [[South Africa]], [[Uganda]], [[China]], [[Iran]], [[Lithuania]], [[Kuwait]], and the [[Philippines]].
Singly or in small groups on cow/horse dung and moose droppings, and in pastures, widely distributed in North America, spring, summer, and fall and through the winter in warmer climates. It can be found in countries including<ref name="worldwide">[http://www.museocivico.rovereto.tn.it/UploadDocs/104_art09-Guzman%20&%20C.pdf Worldwide Distribution of Neurotropic Fungi, Guzman (www.museocivico.rovereto.tn.it)]</ref> [[Canada]] ([[Alberta]],<ref name="observer"/> [[British Columbia]]), the United States ([[Alabama]], Alaska, [[California]],<ref name="observer">[http://mushroomobserver.org/observer/observation_search?pattern=Panaeolus+papilionaceus ''Panaeolus papilionaceus''] The Mushroom Observer (mushroomobserver.org)]</ref> [[Colorado]], [[Florida]],<ref name="observer"/> [[Indiana]], [[Louisiana]],<ref name="observer"/> [[Maine]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Missouri]], [[Montana]],<ref name="observer"/> [[New Mexico]], [[Texas]],<ref name="observer"/> [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]],<ref name="observer"/>), the Caribbean ([[Bahamas]], [[Cuba]], San Vincent Island), [[Chile]], [[Colombia]], [[Uruguay]], [[France]], [[The Netherlands]], [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]], [[Mexico]],<ref name="observer"/> [[Norway]], [[Slovenia]],<ref name="observer"/> [[South Africa]], [[Uganda]], [[China]], [[Iran]], [[Lithuania]], [[Kuwait]], and the [[Philippines]].

==Edibility==

''[[Panaeolus papilionaceus]]'' is edible, however it is neither choice in flavor nor substantial in mass. Contrary to popular belief, most collections are not psychoactive. Even if it were psilocybin containing, the amount would be so negligible so as to not even be considered such for practical purposes.

It is important to note that somewhat similar looking species, such as ''[[Panaeolus cinctulus]]'', do contain [[psilocybin]].


==Gallery==
==Gallery==

Revision as of 23:29, 30 December 2011

Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Phylum:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Hymenomycetes
Order:
Agaricales
Family:
Bolbitiaceae
Genus:
Panaeolus
Species:
P. papilionaceus var. papilionaceus
Binomial name
Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus
Approximate range of Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus
Synonyms

Agaricus calosus
Agaricus campanulatus
Agaricus papilionaceus
Galerula campanulata
Panaeolus campanulatus
Panaeolus retirugis
Panaeolus sphinctrinus

Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Gills on hymenium
Cap is convex
Hymenium is adnexed
Stipe is bare
Spore print is black
Ecology is saprotrophic
Edibility is edible

Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus, also known as Agaricus calosus, Panaeolus papilionaceus, Panaeolus campanulatus, Panaeolus retirugis, and Panaeolus sphinctrinus, and commonly known as Petticoat mottlegill, is a common and widely distributed little brown mushroom that feeds on dung.

This mushroom is the type species for the genus Panaeolus.

Description

  • Cap: 1 – 5 cm across, obtusely conic, grayish brown, not hygrophanous, becoming campanulate in age, margin adorned with white toothlike partial veil fragments when young, flesh thin.
  • Gills: adnate to adnexed close to crowded, one or two tiers of intermediate gills, pale gray, acquiring a mottled, blackish appearance in age, with whitish edges.
  • Spores: 12 - 18 x 7-10 µm, elliptical, smooth, with an apical pore, spore print black.
  • Stipe: 6 – 12 cm by 2 – 4 mm, gray-brown, darker where handled, paler toward the apex, fibrous and pruinose.
  • Odor: Mild.
  • Taste: Unappetizing.
  • Microscopic features: Basidia 4-sterigmate; abruptly clavate. Cheilocystidia abundant; subcylindric, often subcapitate or capitate.

Habitat and formation

Singly or in small groups on cow/horse dung and moose droppings, and in pastures, widely distributed in North America, spring, summer, and fall and through the winter in warmer climates. It can be found in countries including[1] Canada (Alberta,[2] British Columbia), the United States (Alabama, Alaska, California,[2] Colorado, Florida,[2] Indiana, Louisiana,[2] Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana,[2] New Mexico, Texas,[2] Washington,[2]), the Caribbean (Bahamas, Cuba, San Vincent Island), Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, France, The Netherlands, Macedonia, Mexico,[2] Norway, Slovenia,[2] South Africa, Uganda, China, Iran, Lithuania, Kuwait, and the Philippines.

Edibility

Panaeolus papilionaceus is edible, however it is neither choice in flavor nor substantial in mass. Contrary to popular belief, most collections are not psychoactive. Even if it were psilocybin containing, the amount would be so negligible so as to not even be considered such for practical purposes.

It is important to note that somewhat similar looking species, such as Panaeolus cinctulus, do contain psilocybin.

  • Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus
    Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus

See also

References

  1. ^ Worldwide Distribution of Neurotropic Fungi, Guzman (www.museocivico.rovereto.tn.it)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Panaeolus papilionaceus The Mushroom Observer (mushroomobserver.org)]
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