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{{Politics of the Czech Republic}}
{{Politics of the Czech Republic}}
The first direct presidential election in the [[Czech Republic]] was held on 11–12 January 2013.<ref name=signs>{{cite news |url= http://praguemonitor.com/2012/08/02/klaus-signs-direct-presidential-election-bill |title=
The first direct presidential election in the [[Czech Republic]] was held on 11–12 January 2013.<ref name=signs>{{cite news |url= http://praguemonitor.com/2012/08/02/klaus-signs-direct-presidential-election-bill |title=
Klaus signs direct presidential election bill |agency= [[ČTK]] |work= [[Prague Daily Monitor]] |date= 2 August 2012 |accessdate=21 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/curraffrs/first-direct-presidential-election-set-for-january-11-2013|title=First direct presidential election set for January 11, 2013|last=Richter|first=Jan|date=2 October 2012|publisher=[[Czech Radio]]|accessdate=27 January 2013}}</ref> No candidate received a majority of the votes in the first round, so a second round [[runoff election]] was held on 25–26 January. Nine individuals secured enough popular signatures or support of parliamentarians to become official candidates for the office. [[Miloš Zeman]] and [[Karel Schwarzenberg]] qualified for the second round of the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zpravy.idnes.cz/prezidentske-volby-2013-0uh-/domaci.aspx?c=A130112_135527_domaci_jav|title=Zeman a Schwarzenberg se utkají o Hrad, Fischer uznal porážku|date=12 January 2013|work=[[Mladá fronta DNES]]|publisher=iDNES|language=Czech|accessdate=12 January 2013}}</ref>
Klaus signs direct presidential election bill |agency= [[ČTK]] |work= [[Prague Daily Monitor]] |date= 2 August 2012 |accessdate=21 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/curraffrs/first-direct-presidential-election-set-for-january-11-2013|title=First direct presidential election set for January 11, 2013|last=Richter|first=Jan|date=2 October 2012|publisher=[[Czech Radio]]|accessdate=27 January 2013}}</ref> No candidate received a majority of the votes in the first round, so a second round [[runoff election]] was held on 25–26 January. Nine individuals secured enough popular signatures or support of parliamentarians to become official candidates for the office. [[Miloš Zeman]] ([[SPOZ]]) and [[Karel Schwarzenberg]] ([[TOP 09]]) qualified for the second round of the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zpravy.idnes.cz/prezidentske-volby-2013-0uh-/domaci.aspx?c=A130112_135527_domaci_jav|title=Zeman a Schwarzenberg se utkají o Hrad, Fischer uznal porážku|date=12 January 2013|work=[[Mladá fronta DNES]]|publisher=iDNES|language=Czech|accessdate=12 January 2013}}</ref>


The incumbent [[President of the Czech Republic|President]] [[Václav Klaus]] is [[Term limit|term-limited]], thus precluded from seeking reelection.<ref name=change>{{cite web |url= http://presidentialactivism.wordpress.com/2010/11/28/czech-republic-may-change-mode-of-presidential-elections/ |title= Czech Republic may change mode of presidential elections |date= 28 November 2010 |accessdate= 23 September 2012 |work= Presidential Activism}}</ref> His term ends on 7 March 2013. The newly elected president will begin his five year term on the day he takes the official oath.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrad.cz/en/president-of-the-cr/presidential-powers.shtml|title=Presidential powers|publisher=Prague Castle - official website|accessdate=27 January 2013}}</ref>
The incumbent [[President of the Czech Republic|President]] [[Václav Klaus]] is [[Term limit|term-limited]], thus precluded from seeking reelection.<ref name=change>{{cite web |url= http://presidentialactivism.wordpress.com/2010/11/28/czech-republic-may-change-mode-of-presidential-elections/ |title= Czech Republic may change mode of presidential elections |date= 28 November 2010 |accessdate= 23 September 2012 |work= Presidential Activism}}</ref> His term ends on 7 March 2013. The newly elected president will begin his five year term on the day he takes the official oath.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrad.cz/en/president-of-the-cr/presidential-powers.shtml|title=Presidential powers|publisher=Prague Castle - official website|accessdate=27 January 2013}}</ref>

Revision as of 19:35, 28 January 2013

2013 Czech presidential election
← 2008 11 January 2013 (2013-01-11)
12 January 2013
25 January 2013
26 January 2013 (2013-01-26)		 2018 →
Turnout59.11%
 
Nominee Miloš Zeman Karel Schwarzenberg
Party SPO TOP 09
Popular vote 2,717,405 2,241,171
Percentage 54.8% 45.19%
The highest number of votes in the districts of the Czech Republic in the second round of the election (blue Karel Schwarzenberg, red Miloš Zeman)
President before election

Václav Klaus
Independent

Elected President

Miloš Zeman
SPO

Politics of the Czech Republic
Constitution
Executive
Parliament
Judiciary
Recent elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations

The first direct presidential election in the Czech Republic was held on 11–12 January 2013.[1][2] No candidate received a majority of the votes in the first round, so a second round runoff election was held on 25–26 January. Nine individuals secured enough popular signatures or support of parliamentarians to become official candidates for the office. Miloš Zeman (SPOZ) and Karel Schwarzenberg (TOP 09) qualified for the second round of the election.[3]

The incumbent President Václav Klaus is term-limited, thus precluded from seeking reelection.[4] His term ends on 7 March 2013. The newly elected president will begin his five year term on the day he takes the official oath.[5]

On 26 January, 2013, Miloš Zeman won the second round of the election and has been elected the next president of the Czech Republic.[6] He won 55% of the second-round vote, compared to Schwarzenberg's 45%.[7]

Background

The Prague Castle, official residence of the Czech President, behind the statue of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the first President of Czechoslovakia

Since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia and the adoption of a new constitution in 1992, the office of president has been filled by votes by a joint session of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Czech Republic. The possibility of a directly elected President has been controversial because of concerns that it could weaken a government under the Prime Minister.[8][9] The 2008 presidential election, which narrowly reelected Václav Klaus after several attempts, however was criticized for the appearance of political deal-making and allegations of corruption.[9][10][11] Prime Minister Petr Nečas subsequently put the issue of a directly elected President in his three-party coalition agreement when he formed his government in 2010, in part because of demands by the TOP 09 party, and the Public Affairs and Mayors and Independents parties.[9] Several outspoken opponents of the change however came from the Prime Minister's own Civic Democratic Party.[12]

In September 2011, an amendment was submitted to the Chamber of Deputies for a second official reading, during which the Communist Party (KSČM) tried to reject the bill by sending it back into the review process, but the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), also part of the opposition, did not support the Communists' motion,[12] and allowed the bill to go ahead with certain changes, including limits on presidential power and penal immunity.[13] On 14 December 2011, the Chamber of Deputies passed the constitutional amendment for direct elections by a vote of 159 out of 192.[13] This was then sent to the Senate, which passed the amendment on 8 February 2012 after five hours of debate[8] by a majority of 49 of 75.[14] The Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court, Pavel Rychetský, criticized the bill's method in which a constitutional amendment was in effect added, though without changing the original text of the constitution, and while leaving the election open to legal and constitutional challenges.[15]

In June 2012 an implementation bill for holding the election passed in the Chamber of Deputies, and in July in the Senate.[1] Though constitutional amendments do not require presidential approval, and cannot be vetoed,[14] President Václav Klaus did need to sign or veto the implementation bill; a refusal could have halted the constitutional changes.[1] Klaus opposed the measure, though saying it was a "fatal mistake"[8] as the country was not ready for such a move.[16] He however signed the law on 1 August 2012.[1] The law is scheduled to take affect 1 October 2012,[14] after which Senate President Milan Štěch is due to set a date for the election, following discussions with the Ministry of the Interior.[17]

The two-day first round was on 11–12 January 2013. However, because no one secured an absolute majority, a run-off round was held on 25–26 January 2013.[17] Candidates were allowed to spend up to 40 million koruna in the first round and 10 million koruna in the second round. Each candidate had an election committee that manages campaign funding, which should be run through a special account. All anonymous campaigns contributions were banned.[1]

Candidates

In order to be a candidate, an individual needs to gather 50,000 signatures from citizens or the support of 20 Deputies or 10 Senators. The candidates were bound to file their applications with the signatures 66 days before the election;[17] following which the Interior Ministry verified a sampling of the signatures.[1]

The Civic Democratic Party (ODS) held a primary elections in July 2012 to choose their candidate, selecting former President of the Senate Přemysl Sobotka over MEP Evžen Tošenovský.[18] SPOZ, TOP 09, and Suverenita have their party leaders running for the post. Jan Švejnar, who ran for the presidency in 2008 against Václav Klaus, declined to run in order to support Jan Fischer's candidacy.[11]

Confirmed candidates

Candidate Quorum fulfillment[19] Party Affiliation prior to
the Velvet Revolution 		Occupation PPM Factum Opinion poll
6–16 Sept 2012 		PPM Factum Opinion Poll
13 Dec 2012 		PPM Factum Opinion Poll
6 Jan 2013
Bobošíková
Jana Bobošíková 		50 810[20] leader of Sovereignty – Jana Bobošíková Bloc, formerly Sovereignty – Party of the Common Sense, formerly leader of Politika 21, formerly independent candidate of NEZÁVISLÍ (The Independents) and Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia Socialist Union of Youth Journalist, former Member of European Parliament 3.8% 4.1% 5.6%
Dienstbier
Jiří Dienstbier Jr. 		27 Senators ČSSD Dissident
(Stuha) 		Lawyer, Senator
(citizen of the CR and the USA) 		6.9% 10.6% 10.6%
Fischer
Jan Fischer 		77 387 Independent (politician) Communist Party
of Czechoslovakia
(1981-1990) 		Statistician, former Prime Minister of the Czech Republic 27.7% 25% 20.1%
Fischerova
Táňa Fischerová 		64 961 leader of anthroposofic Key Movement, formerly independent candidate of US-DEU and Greens movement Dissident
(cs:Několik vět) 		Artist, former Member of Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Parliament N/A 4.4% 4.6%
Franz
Vladimír Franz 		75 709 Independent None Artist, university professor 6.6% 9.8% 11.4%
Roithová
Zuzana Roithová 		75 066 KDU-ČSL, formerly independent candidate of Four-Coalition None Physician, Member of the European Parliament 3.4% 4.4% 4.6%
Schwarzenberg
Karel Schwarzenberg  		 38 Deputies leader TOP 09, formerly member of Freedom Union, formerly member of Civic Democratic Alliance, Émigré, Austrian People's Party Prince of Schwarzenberg, Minister of Foreign Affairs
(citizen of the CR and Switzerland) 		5.9% 9.2% 11%
Sobotka
Přemysl Sobotka 		 51 Deputies ODS None Physician, former President of the Senate 5.7% 6.8% 7.1%
Zeman
Miloš Zeman 		82 856 leader of SPOZ, formerly leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party Communist Party
of Czechoslovakia
(1968–1970) 		Economist, former Prime Minister of the Czech Republic 22.7% 25.6% 25.1%

Vladimír Franz appears insignificant in agency surveys but in November he was the obvious favorite of opinion polls of several different popular news servers and media (Aktuálně.cz,[21] Reflex,[22] iDnes.cz[23]) as well as of so-called "students' elections"[24] in all regions and all types of secondary schools.[25] The current president Klaus expressed fear that his successor would be Franz or Okamura.[26]

Disqualified candidates

The following list includes the candidates who were disqualified after the Ministry of Interior reviewed their petitions assessing that they failed to meet the quorum of minimum of 50,000 popular signatures or twenty MPs in the Chamber of Deputies, or ten MPs in the Senate.

Candidates Jana Bobošíková, Vladimír Dlouhý, and Tomio Okamura collected more than 50,000 signatures; however, after checking two samples of each petition and reducing the number of signatures according to the error rate, the number fell below the quorum; accordingly, they were not registered as candidates. According to the ministry, many of Bobošíková's alleged signatories were long time dead, while in case of Okamura the ministry found a large number of fictitious signatories. They appealed the ministry's decision before the Supreme Administrative Court, believing that the ministry had used a wrong method of recount.[19]

On 13 December 2012, the Supreme Administrative Court decided on the complaints. It ordered that Bobošíková must be registered as a candidate, and rejected the complaints of Dlouhý and Okamura, as even after correcting the error in computation their number of valid signatures still fails to meet the quorum. [27] Okamura unsuccessfully challenged the verdict at the Constitutional Court. [28]

Candidate Signatures lodged[19] Quorum fulfillment after recount[19] Party Affiliation prior to
the Velvet Revolution 		Occupation PPM Factum Opinion poll
27 August 2012 		PPM Factum Opinion poll
6–16 Sept 2012 		PPM Factum Opinion Poll
15 Oct 2012
Dlouhý
Vladimír Dlouhý 		59 165 38 687 Independent, formerly Civic Democratic Alliance and Civic Forum Communist Party
of Czechoslovakia 		Economist, former Minister of Industry and Trade N/A 4.5% 2.8%
Okamura
Tomio Okamura 		61 966 35 751 Independent None Entrepreneur, Senator 7.3% 6.1% 7.9%
SamkováKlára Samková 1 076[27] – TOP 09, formerly member of Civic Democratic Party, formerly candidate of the Romany Civic Initiative within Civic Forum – Attorney, former Member of Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Parliament – – –
CibulkaPetr Cibulka 319[27] – The Right Bloc Dissident Civic activist – – –
KesnerJiří Kesner 54[27] – Independent – engineer – – –
SvětničkaKarel Světnička 26[27] – Independent – state inspector – – –
KašnáAnna Kašná unsuccessfully required parliament support – The Crown of Bohemia (Monarchist party of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia) – jurist, (wheelchair user) – – –
HejmováIveta Heimová unsuccessfully required parliament support – Independent – teacher and artist – – –
HejmováJindřiška Nazarská 60 – member of Civic Democratic Party – teacher and artist – – –
HladíkRoman Hladík 18 – Independent – self-employed – – –

Withdrawn candidate

Jan Toman from Bechyně filed his own candidature on 6 November but he attached no petition.[29] He was also the attorney of the candidate Karel Světnička, and Karel Světnička was the attorney of Jan Toman. However, a candidate must not be an attorney of any proposer. Jan Světnička surrendered his own candidature on 22 November and remained the attorney of Karel Světnička.[30]

Other announced candidates

The following list includes some of the people who announced their candidacy but the proposal was not filed finally. Some of them started to collect petition signatures.

Campaign

A sample of a ballot paper of Miloš Zeman and Karel Schwarzenberg used for the first round of the presidential election.

Zeman and Fischer were leading in the polls, but Schwarzenberg's campaign ended on a higher note with a crowd of about 10,000 people at a rally in Prague.[34] Zeman said of the runoff: "It will be a presidential race between a candidate for the left and a candidate for the right. We'll start from scratch for the second round;" Schwarzenberg said of his campaign that he would make the Czech Republic "a successful country." Vladimír Franz called his campaign "a success."[35]

Second round

Second round at Štěpánská Elementary, Prague, Czech Republic

The campaign for the second round started with the agreement of both candidates, Miloš Zeman and Karel Schwarzenberg, not to attack each other and to conduct their campaign in a civil manner.[36] However, when, in the second debate in the Czech Television held on 17 January 2013, Karel Schwarzenberg stated that the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after World War II would be today (in the 21st century) considered a war crime and the creators of the Beneš decrees (a series of laws dealing inter alia with the status of ethnic Germans and Hungarians in postwar Czechoslovakia in connection with Article 12 of the Potsdam Agreement) would be probably judged by the Hague Tribunal as war criminals, Zeman responded as following: "... he who marks (...) one of the presidents of Czechoslovakia as a war criminal, speaks as a "sudeťák" [Sudeten German] and not as the president".[37] Schwarzenberg has been criticized for the fact that his wife cannot speak Czech and that he spent a part of his life abroad, despite the fact that his family fled from communists when he was a child.[38][39] It was suggested that members of his family collaborated with Nazis, most notably by the son of the Czech President, Václav Klaus Jr. These charges have been dismissed by historians.[40] President Václav Klaus, his Slovak spouse Livia and son Václav expressed their concerns towards Schwarzenberg, pointing to the complete lack of knowledge of the Czech language of his spouse or to his emigration during the communist era. Schwarzenberg responded that "...the last hundred years have demonstrated that an appeal to the lowest instincts has tragic consequences."[41] Additionally, he countered by claiming that the President Klaus and Zeman created a power group and manipulated his claims. He also called their alleged pact a "fraud on the voters".[42] In a leaked text message to a friend, President Klaus wrote that if Karel Schwarzenberg won the election, he would consider emigration.[43]

Flag of the President of the Czech Republic with the inscription "Truth prevails".

The critics of Karel Schwarzenberg mentioned his post in the unpopular cabinet of Petr Nečas. Schwarzenberg, leader of a government coalition party TOP 09, a Vice-Premier and a Foreign Minister, was frequently associated with the Finance Minister and his TOP 09 colleague Miroslav Kalousek, one of the key proponents of the austerity measures and spending cuts in the Czech Republic.[44] In the first round, he received the majority of support by voters in Bohemian regions and in some of the biggest Czech cities, such as Prague, Brno and Plzeň.

Miloš Zeman, a former successful politician and Social Democratic Prime Minister, announced his comeback and the intention to run in the election in February, 2012.[45] He narrowly won the first round, supported mainly by voters from industrial regions such as North Bohemia and Silesia, and smaller towns and villages. He has been criticized for the opaque funding of his campaign; the media pointed to his special relationships with controversial business subjects and lobbyists, such as Miroslav Šlouf and the Russian oil company LUKoil.[46] Some of the issues associated with his previous political activities also reappeared in public. During the pre-election debates, Zeman had to face questions about connections between his former chief advisor Šlouf and the alleged mafia kingpin František Mrázek or about a discrediting campaign against his former colleague, Minister Petra Buzková.

On 22 January, the newspaper Mladá fronta DNES reported that the "massive negative campaign" of Miloš Zeman and his team won him popularity in the online media, while Schwarzenberg's supporters have a majority on social sites, such as Facebook.[47]

During the election, the tensions and rivalries in the Czech society and media culminated to an unusual degree.[48] Some of the commentators and politologists pointed to growing polarization of the society, which was also noted by some of the foreign media, such as The New York Times.[49]

On 26 January, Miloš Zeman won the second round of the election. In his first post-election speech, he thanked his supporters and promised to be the president of all people. He also criticized the media that openly supported only one of the candidates.[50] "Truth and love have finally prevailed over lies and hatred", stated the outgoing President Klaus, paraphrasing the renowned Czech statesman Václav Havel.[51]

The Austrian press ascribed Zeman's victory to a "dirty anti-German campaign."[52]

Election

First round results by regions: Blue Karel Schwarzenberg, red Miloš Zeman. Note that only countrywide outcome counts, results by regions have no material effect.
First round results by district.

There were 14,904 polling stations in the Czech Republic, and 102 abroad.[53]

During the second round, in the presence of journalists, Karel Schwarzenberg registered an invalid vote by forgetting to insert his paper into the required stamped envelope.[54]

Results

Candidate Party First round Second round
Votes % Votes %
Miloš Zeman Party of Civic Rights – Zemanovci 1,245,848 24.21 2,717,405 54.8
Karel Schwarzenberg TOP 09 1,204,195 23.40 2,241,171 45.19
Jan Fischer Independent 841,437 16.35
Jiří Dienstbier Jr. Czech Social Democratic Party 829,297 16.12
Vladimír Franz Independent 351,916 6.84
Zuzana Roithová KDU-ČSL 255,045 4.95
Táňa Fischerová Key Movement 166,211 3.23
Přemysl Sobotka Civic Democratic Party 126,846 2.46
Jana Bobošíková Suverenita 123,171 2.39
Total valid votes 5,143,966 99.53 4,958,576 99.5
Invalid votes 24,195 0.47 24,905 0.5
Total 5,168,161 100 4,983,481 100
Registered voters/turnout 8,435,522 61.31 8,434,648 59.11
Source: Volby.cz

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Klaus signs direct presidential election bill". Prague Daily Monitor. ČTK. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
  2. ^ Richter, Jan (2 October 2012). "First direct presidential election set for January 11, 2013". Czech Radio. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  3. ^ "Zeman a Schwarzenberg se utkají o Hrad, Fischer uznal porážku". Mladá fronta DNES (in Czech). iDNES. 12 January 2013. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  4. ^ "Czech Republic may change mode of presidential elections". Presidential Activism. 28 November 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  5. ^ "Presidential powers". Prague Castle - official website. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  6. ^ "Rozhodnuto. Zeman vyhrál, nezmění to už ani velká města". Mladá fronta DNES. iDNES. 26 January 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
  7. ^ "Czech election: Milos Zeman wins presidential poll". BBC. 26 January 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  8. ^ a b c Falvey, Christian (2 February 2012). "Czech Parliament passes direct presidential elections". Radio Prague. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
  9. ^ a b c Nováček, Petr (14 February 2012). "Will Czechs elect a worthy president, or a führer?". Czech Position. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
  10. ^ Willoughby, Ian (18 February 2008). "Klaus celebrates re-election as Czech president after vote marked by controversy". Radio Prague. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
  11. ^ a b "Švejnar says he will not seek Czech presidency". Prague Daily Monitor. ČTK. 12 September 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
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  13. ^ a b Richter, Jan (14 December 2011). "Czech MPs approve direct presidential election". Radio Prague. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
  14. ^ a b c "Senate passes bill introducing direct election of Czech president". ČTK. 8 February 2012. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
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  17. ^ a b c "Czech Republic to hold first direct presidential election in January". New Europe. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
  18. ^ "Civic Democrats back Sobotka for president". Prague Daily Monitor. ČTK. 18 July 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
  19. ^ a b c d "Okamurovi škrtli 26 tisíc podpisů, dál nejde ani Bobošíková a Dlouhý". iDnes.cz. 23 November 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
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  21. ^ Koho byste zvolili prezidentem České republiky?, Aktuálně.cz, 6. 11. 2012
  22. ^ Dita Ondrejková: A prezidentem z volby nanečisto se stává... Vladimír Franz!, Reflex.cz, 8. 11. 2012
  23. ^ Jan Wirnitzer: Čtenáři vybrali za prezidenta Franze, ve druhém kole získal 56 procent, iDnes.cz, 18. 1. 2012
  24. ^ Středoškoláci zvolili na Hrad Franze, straničtí kandidáti propadli, iDnes.cz, 12. 12. 2012 jj (Jan Jiřička), hv (Hana Válková)
  25. ^ Proč zvolili středoškoláci Franze? Ze stávajících poměrů jsou rozčarováni, Novinky.cz, 14. 12. 2012
  26. ^ Zdeňka Trachtová, Jan Wirnitzer: Přímá volba se strašně vymstí, řekl Klaus. Obává se Franze či Okamury, iDnes.cz. 7. 12. 2012
  27. ^ a b c d e "Nejvyšší správní soud rozhodl o návrzích týkajících se registrací kandidátních listin pro volbu prezidenta republiky" (in Czech). Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  28. ^ "Ústavní soud zamítl stížnost Tomia Okamury k prezidentské volbě" (in Czech). Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic. 4 January 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  29. ^ Výzva k odstranění závad na kandidátní listině - Mgr. et Mgr. Jan Toman, Ministerstvo vnitra ČR, 2012-11-13
  30. ^ Rozhodnutí o odmítnutí kandidátní listiny nebo o odmítnutí kandidátní listiny, Mgr. et Bc. Karel Světnička, Ministerstvo vnitra ČR, 2012-11-23
  31. ^ "Presidential candidate Jakl launches petition for his bid". Prague Daily Monior. ČTK. 24 September 2012. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
  32. ^ a b "Former chief spycatcher running for president". Prague Daily Monitor. ČTK. 14 September 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
  33. ^ "O prezidentský úřad se bude ucházet nejméně devět kandidátů" (in Czech). České noviny (ČTK). 4 November 2012. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  34. ^ "Prezidentská kampaň vrcholí, dnes hlavně kulturně" (in Czech). Czech Television. 9 January 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  35. ^ "Vladimír Franz: Vytvořili jsme energii. Nesmíme se ponořit do tmy". Hospodářské noviny. iHNED. 12 January 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  36. ^ "Knížata zdegenerovala, kostlivci z privatizace. Kampaň víří ostrá slova". Lidové noviny (in Czech). lidovky.cz. 20 January 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  37. ^ "Zeman a Schwarzenberg se střetli v druhé televizní debatě. Lehčí tón střídaly tvrdé útoky". Hospodářské noviny (in Czech). iHned.cz. 18 January 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  38. ^ "Klausová podpořila Zemana. Nechce první dámu, která neumí česky". Lidové noviny (in Czech). lidovky.cz. 18 January 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  39. ^ "Schwarzenberg: Kamarády Klause a Zemana spojují jejich kostlivci". Mladá fronta DNES (in Czech). iDNES. 17 January 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  40. ^ "Historik: Klaus junior neříká pravdu, otec Schwarzenberga byl vlastenec". Lidové noviny (in Czech). lidovky.cz. 17 January 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  41. ^ Sehnoutka, Petr (20 January 2012). "Schwarzenberg: Zeman s Klausem tvoří jednu mocenskou skupinu" (in Czech). Czech Radio. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  42. ^ "Klaus se Zemanem podvádějí české voliče, zlobí se Schwarzenberg". Mladá fronta DNES (in Czech). iDNES. 20 January 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  43. ^ "Klaus potvrdil pravost SMS o emigraci" (in Czech). novinky.cz. 26 January 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  44. ^ "Zeman začal novou kampaň ostře: Schwarzenberg hlasoval pro vyšší DPH". Lidové noviny (in Czech). lidovky.cz. 12 January 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  45. ^ "Miloš Zeman: Sežeňte podpisy a pokusím se znovu o Hrad" (in Czech). aktuálně.cz. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  46. ^ "Kdo platí Zemanovu kampaň? Šloufovi kamarádi z byznysu". Mladá fronta DNES. iDNES. 21 September 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  47. ^ "Média ovládl Zeman s negativní kampaní, Facebook zase Schwarzenberg". Mladá fronta DNES (in Czech). iDNES. 22 January 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  48. ^ "Nový prezident Zeman: Budu prezidentem dolních deseti milionů". Lidové noviny. lidovky.cz. 26 January 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  49. ^ Bilefsky, Dan (26 January 2013). "Former Prime Minister Is Elected President of Czech Republic". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  50. ^ Kudláčková, Lucie (26 January 2013). "Zeman barvy nemění: Zapřel Šloufa a vynadal novinářům" (in Czech). aktuálně.cz. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  51. ^ Richter, Jan (27January 2013). "Outgoing president Klaus: truth and love prevailed in Miloš Zeman's election (News 27-01-2013)". Czech Radio. Retrieved 27 January 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  52. ^ http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/zpravy/czechs-wasting-chance-to-change-policy-german-handelsblatt/894237
  53. ^ "Prezidentští kandidáti odvolili, Schwarzenberg neplatně" (in Czech). Czech Television. 25 January 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  54. ^ Danda, Oldřich. "Schwarzenberg hodil do urny lístek bez obálky, jeho hlas neplatí". Novinky.cz. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
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