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Indiasummer95 (talk | contribs)
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this is not in Italy, obviously
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[[File:Manifesto Lega Nord campagna elettorale 2008.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Anti-immigration campaign poster by Italian right-wing populist party [[Lega Nord]] in 2008. Depicting a [[Native American]], it reads - ''They suffered from immigration. Now they live in [[Indian reservation|reservations]]Think about it.'']]
[[File:Manifesto Lega Nord campagna elettorale 2008.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Anti-immigration campaign poster by Italian right-wing populist party [[Lega Nord]] in 2008. Depicting a [[Native American]], it reads - ''They suffered from immigration. Now they live in [[Indian reservation|reservations]]Think about it.'']]
'''Racism in Italy''' has been present throughout the country's history. Under [[Benito Mussolini]]'s Fascist state and its pact with [[Adolf Hitler]], [[anti-Semitism]] spread, and the country invaded and colonised African land based partly on racist ideals. In modern times, immigration from other countries has been met by violent or xenophobic resistance by racist extremists.
'''Racism in Italy''' has been present throughout the country's history. Under [[Benito Mussolini]]'s Fascist state and its pact with [[Adolf Hitler]], [[anti-Semitism]] spread. In modern times, immigration from other countries has been met by violent or xenophobic resistance by racist extremists.


== Fascist Italy ==
== Fascist Italy ==
Italian Fascist dictator [[Benito Mussolini]] was a major ally of [[Nazi Germany]], culminating in the [[Pact of Steel]]. The issue of racism in Fascist Italy before this is debated, although some Fascists held racial views before the alliance with [[Giovanni Preziosi]] being a prime example.<ref>Richard S. Levy, Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Volume 2, 2005, p. 556</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=hHgMm6APG_0C&pg=PA81&dq=%22fascist+italy%22+racism&cd=3#v=onepage&q=%22fascist%20italy%22%20racism&f=false Fascist Italy by John Whittam]</ref> It has also been indicated Mussolini had his own, if somewhat different than Nazi, brand of racist views.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=6Y8XRZAdv9IC&pg=PA50&dq=racism+in+italy&cd=2#v=onepage&q&f=false Racial theories in Fascist Italy by Aaron Gilette]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=CRfogYOOFsUC&pg=RA2-PA187&dq=%22fascist+italy%22+ethiopia+racism&as_brr=3&cd=9#v=onepage&q=%22fascist%20italy%22%20ethiopia%20racism&f=false Dictating Demography: The Problem of Population in Fascist Italy by Carl Ipsen, pg 187]</ref> Many blacks deemed the invasion of Ethiopia to be offensive or racist.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=f71M3BC6TtIC&pg=PA205&dq=%22fascist+italy%22+ethiopians&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22fascist%20italy%22%20ethiopians&f=false The Battle of Adwa by Paulos Milkias, Getachew Metaferia]</ref>
Italian Fascist dictator [[Benito Mussolini]] was a major ally of [[Nazi Germany]], culminating in the [[Pact of Steel]]. The issue of racism in Fascist Italy before this is debated, although some Fascists held racial views before the alliance with [[Giovanni Preziosi]] being a prime example.<ref>Richard S. Levy, Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Volume 2, 2005, p. 556</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=hHgMm6APG_0C&pg=PA81&dq=%22fascist+italy%22+racism&cd=3#v=onepage&q=%22fascist%20italy%22%20racism&f=false Fascist Italy by John Whittam]</ref> It has also been indicated Mussolini had his own, if somewhat different than Nazi, brand of racist views.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=6Y8XRZAdv9IC&pg=PA50&dq=racism+in+italy&cd=2#v=onepage&q&f=false Racial theories in Fascist Italy by Aaron Gilette]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=CRfogYOOFsUC&pg=RA2-PA187&dq=%22fascist+italy%22+ethiopia+racism&as_brr=3&cd=9#v=onepage&q=%22fascist%20italy%22%20ethiopia%20racism&f=false Dictating Demography: The Problem of Population in Fascist Italy by Carl Ipsen, pg 187]</ref>


Racial laws during this time included the manifesto of race designed to protect Italy's Aryan origins from those deemed undesirable, there were anti-semitic laws closely based on the Nazi model and in Italy's African colonies inter-racial relationships were forbidden and would be punishable by the possible arrest of the white partner and the possibility of the death sentence for the black partner.<ref>Mussolini : A Biography<!-- two books with this title exist --></ref>{{vague|date=May 2012}}
Racial laws during this time included the manifesto of race designed to protect Italy's Aryan origins from those deemed undesirable. Anti-Semitic legislation closely based on the Nazi model was thus passed.<ref>Mussolini : A Biography<!-- two books with this title exist --></ref>{{vague|date=May 2012}}


[[Julius Evola]] is also an Italian figure of this period noted for racist theories.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=aeaw1RPhilEC&pg=PA191&dq=%22julius+evola%22+racism&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22julius%20evola%22%20racism&f=false Mussolini's intellectuals: fascist social and political thought by Anthony James Gregor, Chapter 9]</ref> Mussolini himself felt "the white man has to subdue the black, brown and yellow races."<ref>{{cite book|last=Duggan|first=Christopher|title=The force of destiny : a history of Italy since 1796|year=2008|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|location=Boston|isbn=0618353674|page=}}</ref>{{page needed|date=May 2012}}
[[Julius Evola]] is also an Italian figure of this period noted for racist theories.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=aeaw1RPhilEC&pg=PA191&dq=%22julius+evola%22+racism&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22julius%20evola%22%20racism&f=false Mussolini's intellectuals: fascist social and political thought by Anthony James Gregor, Chapter 9]</ref> Mussolini himself felt "the white man has to subdue the black, brown and yellow races."<ref>{{cite book|last=Duggan|first=Christopher|title=The force of destiny : a history of Italy since 1796|year=2008|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|location=Boston|isbn=0618353674|page=}}</ref>{{page needed|date=May 2012}}

Revision as of 02:20, 22 March 2013

File:Manifesto Lega Nord campagna elettorale 2008.jpg
Anti-immigration campaign poster by Italian right-wing populist party Lega Nord in 2008. Depicting a Native American, it reads - They suffered from immigration. Now they live in reservationsThink about it.

Racism in Italy has been present throughout the country's history. Under Benito Mussolini's Fascist state and its pact with Adolf Hitler, anti-Semitism spread. In modern times, immigration from other countries has been met by violent or xenophobic resistance by racist extremists.

Fascist Italy

Italian Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini was a major ally of Nazi Germany, culminating in the Pact of Steel. The issue of racism in Fascist Italy before this is debated, although some Fascists held racial views before the alliance with Giovanni Preziosi being a prime example.[1][2] It has also been indicated Mussolini had his own, if somewhat different than Nazi, brand of racist views.[3][4]

Racial laws during this time included the manifesto of race designed to protect Italy's Aryan origins from those deemed undesirable. Anti-Semitic legislation closely based on the Nazi model was thus passed.[5][vague]

Julius Evola is also an Italian figure of this period noted for racist theories.[6] Mussolini himself felt "the white man has to subdue the black, brown and yellow races."[7][page needed]

Modern times

There has been concern that racism and xenophobia in Italy has increased in the 21st century. In particular, actions by the Lega Nord have been criticised as xenophobic or racist by several sources.[8][9][10][11][12][13] Italians protested the murder of Burkina Faso native Abdul Salam Guibre and racism in Italy on 20 September 2008.[14] L'Osservatore Romano, the semi-official newspaper for the Holy See, indicated racism played an important role in the riot in Rosarno.[15] According to a Eurobarometer study, Italians had the third lowest level of "comfort with person of Roma origin as neighbour" like Austrians and Czechs.[16][17]

Contemporary Italian football fans, of lower-league and top-flight teams, have been noted by foreign media for racist actions by sections of their support.[18]

References

  1. ^ Richard S. Levy, Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Volume 2, 2005, p. 556
  2. ^ Fascist Italy by John Whittam
  3. ^ Racial theories in Fascist Italy by Aaron Gilette
  4. ^ Dictating Demography: The Problem of Population in Fascist Italy by Carl Ipsen, pg 187
  5. ^ Mussolini : A Biography
  6. ^ Mussolini's intellectuals: fascist social and political thought by Anthony James Gregor, Chapter 9
  7. ^ Duggan, Christopher (2008). The force of destiny : a history of Italy since 1796. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0618353674.
  8. ^ Naughton, Philippe; Costello, Miles (2008-04-15). "Silvio Berlusconi: third time lucky?". London: The Times. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
  9. ^ Horowitz, Jason (2003-06-17). "Italy: Statement On Immigrants Denied". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
  10. ^ Lewis, Aidan (2008-04-17). "Italy's Northern League resurgent". BBC News.
  11. ^ "Mussolini's heirs bid farewell to party". Financial Times. 2009-03-22.
  12. ^ Johnston, Bruce (2004-08-04). "Italian mayor fights terror threat with ban on Muslim veils". London: The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
  13. ^ Rogers, Iain (2008-04-15). "League allies may hinder Italy's Berlusconi: reports". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
  14. ^ Times Online
  15. ^ Nick Squires (12 Jan 2010). "Vatican accuses Italians of racism after southern riots". The Telegraph. Rome.
  16. ^ Eurobarometer, p. 43
  17. ^ Squires, Nick (2008-10-05). "Protests in Italy against escalating racism". London: The Telegraph.
  18. ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21610508
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