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==Early life==
==Early life==
Toshiro Mifune was born in [[Qingdao|Tsingtao]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]], and grew up in the Chinese city of [[Dalian]] with his parents and two siblings. On Thursday, 1 April, 1920, their first child, Toshiro was born. When he was 4 years old, the family moved to Manchuria. They were Christians of the Methodist sect.<ref>{{cite book|title=International Stars at War|author1=James E. Wise Jr.|author2=Scott Baron|page=132}}</ref> In his youth, Mifune worked in the [[photography]] shop of his father Tokuzo, a commercial photographer and [[import]]er who had emigrated from northern Japan. After spending the first 19 years of his life in China. as a Japanese citizen he was drafted into the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] Aviation, where he served in the Aerial Photography (Ko-type) unit during [[World War II]]. He [[repatriation|repatriated]] to Japan in 1946.
Toshiro Mifune was born in [[Qingdao|Tsingtao]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]], and grew up in the Chinese city of [[Dalian]] with his parents and two siblings. On Thursday, 1 April, 1920, their first child, Toshiro was born. When he was 4 years old, the family moved to Manchuria. They were Christians of the Methodist sect.<ref>{{cite book|title=International Stars at War|author1=James E. Wise Jr.|author2=Scott Baron|page=132}}</ref> In his youth, Mifune worked in the photography shop of his father Tokuzo, a commercial photographer and importer who had emigrated from northern Japan. After spending the first 19 years of his life in China. as a Japanese citizen he was drafted into the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] Aviation division, where he served in the Aerial Photography unit during [[World War II]]. He repatriated to Japan in 1946.


==Early work==
==Early work==

In 1947, one of Mifune's friends who worked for the Photography Department of [[Toho|Toho Productions]] suggested Mifune try out for the Photography Department. He was accepted for a position as an assistant cameraman. However, the union was affiliated with the [[Communist Party of Japan|Communist party]], which made Mifune, a religiously conservative man, very uncomfortable.<ref>[http://www.edogawa-u.ac.jp/~robert/Mifune.html Dedicated to Toshiro Mifune<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{dead link|date=February 2012}}</ref>
In 1947, one of Mifune's friends who worked for the Photography Department of [[Toho|Toho Productions]] suggested Mifune try out for the Photography Department. He was accepted for a position as an assistant cameraman.


At this time, a large number of Toho actors, after a prolonged strike, had left to form their own company, Shin Toho. Toho then organized a "new faces" contest to find new talent. Mifune's friends submitted an application and photo, without his knowledge. He was accepted, along with 48 others (out of roughly 4000 applicants), and allowed to take a screen test for [[Kajiro Yamamoto]]. Instructed to mime anger, he drew from his wartime experiences. Yamamoto took a liking to Mifune, recommending him to director [[Senkichi Taniguchi]]. This led to Mifune's first feature role, in ''[[Shin Baka Jidai]]''.
At this time, a large number of Toho actors, after a prolonged strike, had left to form their own company, Shin Toho. Toho then organized a "new faces" contest to find new talent. Mifune's friends submitted an application and photo, without his knowledge. He was accepted, along with 48 others (out of roughly 4000 applicants), and allowed to take a screen test for [[Kajiro Yamamoto]]. Instructed to mime anger, he drew from his wartime experiences. Yamamoto took a liking to Mifune, recommending him to director [[Senkichi Taniguchi]]. This led to Mifune's first feature role, in ''[[Shin Baka Jidai]]''.
Line 32: Line 33:


Yoshimine's parents were strongly opposed to the union. Mifune was doubly an outsider, being a non-[[Buddhist]] as well as a native [[Manchuria]]n. His choice of profession also made him suspect, as actors were generally assumed to be irresponsible and financially incapable of supporting a family.
Yoshimine's parents were strongly opposed to the union. Mifune was doubly an outsider, being a non-[[Buddhist]] as well as a native [[Manchuria]]n. His choice of profession also made him suspect, as actors were generally assumed to be irresponsible and financially incapable of supporting a family.

⚫
Mifune first encountered director [[Akira Kurosawa]] when [[Toho Studios]], the largest film production company in Japan, was conducting a massive talent search, during which hundreds of aspiring actors auditioned before a team of judges. Kurosawa was originally going to skip the event, but showed up when an actress he knew told him of one actor who seemed especially promising. Kurosawa later wrote that he entered the audition to see "a young man reeling around the room in a violent frenzy...it was as frightening as watching a wounded beast trying to break loose. I was transfixed." When an exhausted Mifune finished his scene, he sat down and gave the judges an ominous stare. He promptly lost the competition. Kurosawa, however, had found his muse. "I am a person rarely impressed by actors," he later said. "But in the case of Mifune I was completely overwhelmed."<ref>http://www.tcm.com/thismonth/article.jsp?cid=136021&mainArticleId=160926</ref>


Director Senkichi Taniguchi, with the help of Akira Kurosawa, convinced the Yoshimine family to allow the marriage. It took place in February 1950. In November of the same year, their first son, Shirō was born. In 1955, they had a second son, Takeshi. Mifune's daughter Mika was born to his mistress, actress [[Mika Kitagawa]], in 1982.
Director Senkichi Taniguchi, with the help of Akira Kurosawa, convinced the Yoshimine family to allow the marriage. It took place in February 1950. In November of the same year, their first son, Shirō was born. In 1955, they had a second son, Takeshi. Mifune's daughter Mika was born to his mistress, actress [[Mika Kitagawa]], in 1982.
Line 37: Line 40:
==Period of prosperity==
==Period of prosperity==


His imposing bearing, acting range, facility with foreign languages and lengthy partnership with acclaimed director [[Akira Kurosawa]] made him the most famous Japanese actor of his time, and easily the best known to Western audiences. He often portrayed a [[samurai]] or [[ronin]], who was usually coarse and gruff (Kurosawa once explained that the only weakness he could find with Mifune and his acting ability was his "rough" voice), inverting the popular stereotype of the genteel, clean-cut samurai. In such films as ''[[Seven Samurai]]'' and ''[[Yojimbo (film)|Yojimbo]]'', he played characters who were often comically lacking in manners, but replete with practical wisdom and experience, understated nobility, and, in the case of ''Yojimbo'', unmatched fighting prowess. ''[[Sanjuro]]'' in particular contrasts this earthy warrior spirit with the useless, sheltered propriety of the court samurai. Kurosawa highly valued Mifune for his effortless portrayal of unvarnished emotion, once commenting that he could convey in only three feet of film an emotion for which the average Japanese actor would require ten feet.
His imposing bearing, acting range, facility with foreign languages and lengthy partnership with acclaimed director [[Akira Kurosawa]] made him the most famous Japanese actor of his time, and easily the best known to Western audiences. He often portrayed a [[samurai]] or [[ronin]], who was usually coarse and gruff (Kurosawa once explained that the only weakness he could find with Mifune and his acting ability was his "rough" voice), inverting the popular stereotype of the genteel, clean-cut samurai. In such films as ''[[Seven Samurai]]'' and ''[[Yojimbo (film)|Yojimbo]]'', he played characters who were often comically lacking in manners, but replete with practical wisdom and experience, understated nobility, and, in the case of ''Yojimbo'', unmatched fighting prowess. ''[[Sanjuro]]'' in particular contrasts this earthy warrior spirit with the useless, sheltered propriety of the court samurai. Kurosawa highly valued Mifune for his effortless portrayal of unvarnished emotion, once commenting that he could convey in only three feet of film an emotion for which the average Japanese actor would require ten feet.{{cn}}


[[File:Toshiro Mifune in Rashomon.jpg|thumb|right|Mifune as bandit Tajōmaru in Rashomon, 1950]]
[[File:Toshiro Mifune in Rashomon.jpg|thumb|right|Mifune as bandit Tajōmaru in Rashomon, 1950]]
Mifune was famous for his self-deprecating sense of [[humor]], which often found its way into his film roles.{{cn|date=November 2012}} He was also renowned for the effort he put into his performances. To prepare for ''Seven Samurai'' and ''[[Rashomon (film)|Rashomon]]'', Mifune reportedly studied footage of [[lion]]s in the wild; for ''[[Ánimas Trujano (film)|Ánimas Trujano]]'', he studied tapes of [[Mexico|Mexican]] actors speaking, so he could recite all his lines in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. In his earliest film roles in [[English language|English]] like ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]'', made in 1966, he learned his lines phonetically.{{cn|date=November 2012}}
Mifune was famous for his self-deprecating sense of [[humor]], which often found its way into his film roles.{{cn|date=November 2012}} He was also renowned for the effort he put into his performances. To prepare for ''Seven Samurai'' and ''[[Rashomon (film)|Rashomon]]'', Mifune reportedly studied footage of [[lion]]s in the wild; for ''[[Ánimas Trujano (film)|Ánimas Trujano]]'', he studied tapes of Mexican actors speaking, so he could recite all his lines in Spanish. In his earliest film roles in English like ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]'', made in 1966, he learned his lines phonetically.{{cn|date=November 2012}}


Mifune has been credited as originating the "roving warrior" [[stock character|archetype]], which he perfected during his collaboration with Kurosawa. [[Clint Eastwood]] was among the first of many [[United States|American]] actors to adopt this [[persona]], which he used to great effect in his [[Western film|Western]] roles, especially the [[Spaghetti Western]]s made with [[Sergio Leone]], where he played a similar "[[Man with No Name]]" character as Mifune did in ''Yojimbo''. Mifune may also be credited with originating the [[Yakuza]] archetype, with his performance as a mobster in Kurosawa's ''[[Drunken Angel]]'' (1948), the first [[Yakuza film]].
Mifune has been credited as originating the "roving warrior" archetype, which he perfected during his collaboration with Kurosawa. [[Clint Eastwood]] was among the first of many American actors to adopt this persona, which he used to great effect in his [[Western film|Western]] roles, especially the [[Spaghetti Western]]s made with [[Sergio Leone]], where he played a similar character as Mifune did in ''Yojimbo''. Mifune may also be credited with originating the [[Yakuza]] archetype, with his performance as a mobster in Kurosawa's ''[[Drunken Angel]]'' (1948), the first [[Yakuza film]].{{cn}}


Most of the sixteen Kurosawa–Mifune films are considered cinema classics. These include ''Drunken Angel'', ''[[Stray Dog (film)|Stray Dog]]'', ''Rashomon'', ''Seven Samurai'', ''The Hidden Fortress'', ''[[High and Low (1963 film)|High and Low]]'', ''[[Throne of Blood]]'' (an adaptation of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare's]] ''[[Macbeth]]''), ''Yojimbo'', and ''Sanjuro''. (See filmography, below)
Most of the sixteen Kurosawa–Mifune films are considered cinema classics. These include ''Drunken Angel'', ''[[Stray Dog (film)|Stray Dog]]'', ''Rashomon'', ''Seven Samurai'', ''The Hidden Fortress'', ''[[High and Low (1963 film)|High and Low]]'', ''[[Throne of Blood]]'' (an adaptation of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare's]] ''[[Macbeth]]''), ''Yojimbo'', and ''Sanjuro''. (See filmography, below)


Mifune and Kurosawa finally parted ways after ''[[Red Beard]]''. Several factors contributed to the rift that ended this career-spanning collaboration. Most of Mifune's contemporaries acted in several different movies throughout the year. Since ''Red Beard'' required Mifune to grow a natural beard — one he had to keep for the entirety of the film's two years of shooting — he was unable to act in any other films during the production. This put Mifune and his financially strapped production company deeply into debt, creating friction between him and Kurosawa. Although ''Red Beard'' played to packed houses in Japan and Europe, which helped Mifune recoup some of his losses, the ensuing years held varying outcomes for both Mifune and Kurosawa. After the film's release, the careers of each man took different arcs: Mifune continued to enjoy success with a range of samurai and war-themed films (''Rebellion'', ''Samurai Assassin'', ''The Emperor and a General'', among others). In contrast, Kurosawa's output of films dwindled and drew mixed responses. During this time, Kurosawa apparently attempted suicide. In 1980, Mifune experienced popularity with mainstream American audiences through his role as Lord Toranaga in the television miniseries ''[[Shogun (miniseries)|Shogun]]''. Yet Kurosawa did not rejoice in his estranged friend's success, and publicly made derisive remarks about ''Shogun''.
Mifune and Kurosawa finally parted ways after ''[[Red Beard]]''. Several factors contributed to the rift that ended this career-spanning collaboration. Most of Mifune's contemporaries acted in several different movies throughout the year. Since ''Red Beard'' required Mifune to grow a natural beard — one he had to keep for the entirety of the film's two years of shooting — he was unable to act in any other films during the production. This put Mifune and his financially strapped production company deeply into debt, creating friction between him and Kurosawa. Although ''Red Beard'' played to packed houses in Japan and Europe, which helped Mifune recoup some of his losses, the ensuing years held varying outcomes for both Mifune and Kurosawa. After the film's release, the careers of each man took different arcs: Mifune continued to enjoy success with a range of samurai and war-themed films (''Rebellion'', ''Samurai Assassin'', ''The Emperor and a General'', among others). In contrast, Kurosawa's output of films dwindled and drew mixed responses. During this time, Kurosawa attempted suicide. In 1980, Mifune experienced popularity with mainstream American audiences through his role as Lord Toranaga in the television miniseries ''[[Shogun (miniseries)|Shogun]]''. Yet Kurosawa did not rejoice in his estranged friend's success, and publicly made derisive remarks about ''Shogun''.


== Later life and death ==
== Later life and death ==
Line 53: Line 56:
Mifune received wider audience acclaim in the West than he ever had after playing [[Toranaga]] in the 1980 TV miniseries ''Shogun''. However, the series' blunt portrayal of the Japanese shogunate and the greatly abridged version shown in Japan meant that it was not as well received in his homeland. It deepened the rift with Kurosawa, virtually ensuring that they would not work together again.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}}
Mifune received wider audience acclaim in the West than he ever had after playing [[Toranaga]] in the 1980 TV miniseries ''Shogun''. However, the series' blunt portrayal of the Japanese shogunate and the greatly abridged version shown in Japan meant that it was not as well received in his homeland. It deepened the rift with Kurosawa, virtually ensuring that they would not work together again.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}}


The relationship between the two men remained ambivalent. While Kurosawa made some very uncharitable comments about Mifune's acting, he also admitted in an interview in ''Interview'' magazine that "All the films that I made with Mifune, without him, they would not exist". He also presented Mifune with the Kawashita award which he himself had won two years prior. They finally made something of a reconciliation in 1993 at the [[Japanese funeral|funeral]] of their friend [[Ishirō Honda]]. After making tenuous eye contact, they tearfully embraced one another, ending nearly three decades of mutual avoidance.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}} They never collaborated again, nor did they have a chance to restore their friendship fully. Both died within a year of the other.
The relationship between the two men remained ambivalent. While Kurosawa made some very uncharitable comments about Mifune's acting, he also admitted in an interview in ''Interview'' magazine that "All the films that I made with Mifune, without him, they would not exist". He also presented Mifune with the Kawashita award which he himself had won two years prior. They finally made something of a reconciliation in 1993 at the funeral of their friend [[Ishirō Honda]]. After making tenuous eye contact, they tearfully embraced one another, ending nearly three decades of mutual avoidance.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}} They never collaborated again, nor did they have a chance to restore their friendship fully. Both died within a year of the other.


In 1992, Mifune began suffering from a serious unknown health problem. It has been variously suggested that he [[karoshi|destroyed his health with overwork]], suffered a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]], or experienced a [[stroke]]. For whatever reason, he abruptly retreated from public life and remained largely confined to his home, cared for by his estranged wife Sachiko. When she succumbed to [[pancreatic cancer]] in 1995, Mifune's physical and mental state began to decline rapidly.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}}
In 1992, Mifune began suffering from a serious unknown health problem. It has been variously suggested that he destroyed his health with overwork, suffered a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]], or experienced a [[stroke]]. For whatever reason, he abruptly retreated from public life and remained largely confined to his home, cared for by his estranged wife Sachiko. When she succumbed to [[pancreatic cancer]] in 1995, Mifune's physical and mental state began to decline rapidly.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}}


In 1997, he died in [[Mitaka, Tokyo|Mitaka]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]], of [[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|multiple organ failure]] at the age of 77.
In 1997, he died in [[Mitaka, Tokyo|Mitaka]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]], of [[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|multiple organ failure]] at the age of 77.
Line 63: Line 66:


== Personal quotations ==
== Personal quotations ==
Of Akira Kurosawa, Mifune said, "I am proud of nothing I have done other than with him".<ref>Richie, Donald. ''The Films of Akira Kurosawa''. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22037-4</ref>
Of Akira Kurosawa, Mifune said, "I am proud of nothing I have done other than with him".<ref>{{cite book|last=Richie|first=Donald|title=The Films of Akira Kurosawa|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0-520-22037-4}}</ref>


{{cquote|Mifune had a kind of talent I had never encountered before in the Japanese film world. It was, above all, the speed with which he expressed himself that was astounding. The ordinary Japanese actor might need ten feet of film to get across an impression; Mifune needed only three. The speed of his movements was such that he said in a single action what took ordinary actors three separate movements to express. He put forth everything directly and boldly, and his sense of timing was the keenest I had ever seen in a Japanese actor. And yet with all his quickness, he also had surprisingly fine sensibilities. – Akira Kurosawa, ''Something Like an Autobiography''.}}
{{cquote|Mifune had a kind of talent I had never encountered before in the Japanese film world. It was, above all, the speed with which he expressed himself that was astounding. The ordinary Japanese actor might need ten feet of film to get across an impression; Mifune needed only three. The speed of his movements was such that he said in a single action what took ordinary actors three separate movements to express. He put forth everything directly and boldly, and his sense of timing was the keenest I had ever seen in a Japanese actor. And yet with all his quickness, he also had surprisingly fine sensibilities. – Akira Kurosawa, ''Something Like an Autobiography''.}}

===Meeting with Kurosawa===
⚫
Kurosawa first encountered Mifune when [[Toho Studios]], the largest film production company in Japan, was conducting a massive talent search, during which hundreds of aspiring actors auditioned before a team of judges. Kurosawa was originally going to skip the event, but showed up when an actress he knew told him of one actor who seemed especially promising. Kurosawa later wrote that he entered the audition to see "a young man reeling around the room in a violent frenzy...it was as frightening as watching a wounded beast trying to break loose. I was transfixed." When an exhausted Mifune finished his scene, he sat down and gave the judges an ominous stare. He promptly lost the competition. Kurosawa, however, had found his muse. "I am a person rarely impressed by actors," he later said. "But in the case of Mifune I was completely overwhelmed."<ref>http://www.tcm.com/thismonth/article.jsp?cid=136021&mainArticleId=160926</ref>


== Filmography ==
== Filmography ==

Revision as of 02:14, 6 May 2013

Toshiro Mifune
Toshiro Mifune – detail from poster of the film Scandal (1950)
Born
三船 敏郎

(1920-04-01)April 1, 1920
Tsingtao, China
DiedDecember 24, 1997(1997-12-24) (aged 77)
Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
Other namesSanchuan Minlang
OccupationActor
Years active1947–1995
Spouse(s)Sachiko Yoshimine
(1950–1995; her death)
Websitehttp://www.MifuneProductions.co.jp

Toshiro Mifune (三船 敏郎 Mifune Toshirō; April 1, 1920 – December 24, 1997) was a Japanese actor who appeared in almost 170 feature films. He is best known for his 16-film collaboration with filmmaker Akira Kurosawa, from 1948 to 1965, in works such as Rashomon, Seven Samurai, Throne of Blood, and Yojimbo. He also portrayed Musashi Miyamoto in Hiroshi Inagaki's Samurai Trilogy.

Early life

Toshiro Mifune was born in Tsingtao, China, and grew up in the Chinese city of Dalian with his parents and two siblings. On Thursday, 1 April, 1920, their first child, Toshiro was born. When he was 4 years old, the family moved to Manchuria. They were Christians of the Methodist sect.[1] In his youth, Mifune worked in the photography shop of his father Tokuzo, a commercial photographer and importer who had emigrated from northern Japan. After spending the first 19 years of his life in China. as a Japanese citizen he was drafted into the Imperial Japanese Army Aviation division, where he served in the Aerial Photography unit during World War II. He repatriated to Japan in 1946.

Early work

In 1947, one of Mifune's friends who worked for the Photography Department of Toho Productions suggested Mifune try out for the Photography Department. He was accepted for a position as an assistant cameraman.

At this time, a large number of Toho actors, after a prolonged strike, had left to form their own company, Shin Toho. Toho then organized a "new faces" contest to find new talent. Mifune's friends submitted an application and photo, without his knowledge. He was accepted, along with 48 others (out of roughly 4000 applicants), and allowed to take a screen test for Kajiro Yamamoto. Instructed to mime anger, he drew from his wartime experiences. Yamamoto took a liking to Mifune, recommending him to director Senkichi Taniguchi. This led to Mifune's first feature role, in Shin Baka Jidai.

Marriage

One of Mifune's fellow performers, one of the 32 women chosen during the new faces contest, was Sachiko Yoshimine. Eight years Mifune's junior, she came from a respected Tokyo family. They fell in love and Mifune soon proposed marriage.

Yoshimine's parents were strongly opposed to the union. Mifune was doubly an outsider, being a non-Buddhist as well as a native Manchurian. His choice of profession also made him suspect, as actors were generally assumed to be irresponsible and financially incapable of supporting a family.

Mifune first encountered director Akira Kurosawa when Toho Studios, the largest film production company in Japan, was conducting a massive talent search, during which hundreds of aspiring actors auditioned before a team of judges. Kurosawa was originally going to skip the event, but showed up when an actress he knew told him of one actor who seemed especially promising. Kurosawa later wrote that he entered the audition to see "a young man reeling around the room in a violent frenzy...it was as frightening as watching a wounded beast trying to break loose. I was transfixed." When an exhausted Mifune finished his scene, he sat down and gave the judges an ominous stare. He promptly lost the competition. Kurosawa, however, had found his muse. "I am a person rarely impressed by actors," he later said. "But in the case of Mifune I was completely overwhelmed."[2]

Director Senkichi Taniguchi, with the help of Akira Kurosawa, convinced the Yoshimine family to allow the marriage. It took place in February 1950. In November of the same year, their first son, Shirō was born. In 1955, they had a second son, Takeshi. Mifune's daughter Mika was born to his mistress, actress Mika Kitagawa, in 1982.

Period of prosperity

His imposing bearing, acting range, facility with foreign languages and lengthy partnership with acclaimed director Akira Kurosawa made him the most famous Japanese actor of his time, and easily the best known to Western audiences. He often portrayed a samurai or ronin, who was usually coarse and gruff (Kurosawa once explained that the only weakness he could find with Mifune and his acting ability was his "rough" voice), inverting the popular stereotype of the genteel, clean-cut samurai. In such films as Seven Samurai and Yojimbo, he played characters who were often comically lacking in manners, but replete with practical wisdom and experience, understated nobility, and, in the case of Yojimbo, unmatched fighting prowess. Sanjuro in particular contrasts this earthy warrior spirit with the useless, sheltered propriety of the court samurai. Kurosawa highly valued Mifune for his effortless portrayal of unvarnished emotion, once commenting that he could convey in only three feet of film an emotion for which the average Japanese actor would require ten feet.[citation needed]

File:Toshiro Mifune in Rashomon.jpg
Mifune as bandit Tajōmaru in Rashomon, 1950

Mifune was famous for his self-deprecating sense of humor, which often found its way into his film roles.[citation needed] He was also renowned for the effort he put into his performances. To prepare for Seven Samurai and Rashomon, Mifune reportedly studied footage of lions in the wild; for Ánimas Trujano, he studied tapes of Mexican actors speaking, so he could recite all his lines in Spanish. In his earliest film roles in English like Grand Prix, made in 1966, he learned his lines phonetically.[citation needed]

Mifune has been credited as originating the "roving warrior" archetype, which he perfected during his collaboration with Kurosawa. Clint Eastwood was among the first of many American actors to adopt this persona, which he used to great effect in his Western roles, especially the Spaghetti Westerns made with Sergio Leone, where he played a similar character as Mifune did in Yojimbo. Mifune may also be credited with originating the Yakuza archetype, with his performance as a mobster in Kurosawa's Drunken Angel (1948), the first Yakuza film.[citation needed]

Most of the sixteen Kurosawa–Mifune films are considered cinema classics. These include Drunken Angel, Stray Dog, Rashomon, Seven Samurai, The Hidden Fortress, High and Low, Throne of Blood (an adaptation of Shakespeare's Macbeth), Yojimbo, and Sanjuro. (See filmography, below)

Mifune and Kurosawa finally parted ways after Red Beard. Several factors contributed to the rift that ended this career-spanning collaboration. Most of Mifune's contemporaries acted in several different movies throughout the year. Since Red Beard required Mifune to grow a natural beard — one he had to keep for the entirety of the film's two years of shooting — he was unable to act in any other films during the production. This put Mifune and his financially strapped production company deeply into debt, creating friction between him and Kurosawa. Although Red Beard played to packed houses in Japan and Europe, which helped Mifune recoup some of his losses, the ensuing years held varying outcomes for both Mifune and Kurosawa. After the film's release, the careers of each man took different arcs: Mifune continued to enjoy success with a range of samurai and war-themed films (Rebellion, Samurai Assassin, The Emperor and a General, among others). In contrast, Kurosawa's output of films dwindled and drew mixed responses. During this time, Kurosawa attempted suicide. In 1980, Mifune experienced popularity with mainstream American audiences through his role as Lord Toranaga in the television miniseries Shogun. Yet Kurosawa did not rejoice in his estranged friend's success, and publicly made derisive remarks about Shogun.

Later life and death

Early in the 1980s, Mifune founded an acting school, Mifune Geijutsu Gakuin (三船芸術学院). The school failed after only three years, due to mismanaged finances.[citation needed]

Mifune received wider audience acclaim in the West than he ever had after playing Toranaga in the 1980 TV miniseries Shogun. However, the series' blunt portrayal of the Japanese shogunate and the greatly abridged version shown in Japan meant that it was not as well received in his homeland. It deepened the rift with Kurosawa, virtually ensuring that they would not work together again.[citation needed]

The relationship between the two men remained ambivalent. While Kurosawa made some very uncharitable comments about Mifune's acting, he also admitted in an interview in Interview magazine that "All the films that I made with Mifune, without him, they would not exist". He also presented Mifune with the Kawashita award which he himself had won two years prior. They finally made something of a reconciliation in 1993 at the funeral of their friend Ishirō Honda. After making tenuous eye contact, they tearfully embraced one another, ending nearly three decades of mutual avoidance.[citation needed] They never collaborated again, nor did they have a chance to restore their friendship fully. Both died within a year of the other.

In 1992, Mifune began suffering from a serious unknown health problem. It has been variously suggested that he destroyed his health with overwork, suffered a heart attack, or experienced a stroke. For whatever reason, he abruptly retreated from public life and remained largely confined to his home, cared for by his estranged wife Sachiko. When she succumbed to pancreatic cancer in 1995, Mifune's physical and mental state began to decline rapidly.[citation needed]

In 1997, he died in Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan, of multiple organ failure at the age of 77.

Honors

Mifune was awarded the Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon in 1986[3] and the Order of the Sacred Treasure by the Japanese government in 1993.[4] In 1973 he was a member of the jury at the 8th Moscow International Film Festival.[5] In 1977 he was a member of the jury at the 10th Moscow International Film Festival.[6]

Personal quotations

Of Akira Kurosawa, Mifune said, "I am proud of nothing I have done other than with him".[7]

Mifune had a kind of talent I had never encountered before in the Japanese film world. It was, above all, the speed with which he expressed himself that was astounding. The ordinary Japanese actor might need ten feet of film to get across an impression; Mifune needed only three. The speed of his movements was such that he said in a single action what took ordinary actors three separate movements to express. He put forth everything directly and boldly, and his sense of timing was the keenest I had ever seen in a Japanese actor. And yet with all his quickness, he also had surprisingly fine sensibilities. – Akira Kurosawa, Something Like an Autobiography.

Filmography

Due to variations in translation from the Japanese and other factors, there are multiple titles to many of Mifune's films (see IMDB link). The titles shown here are the most common titles used in the United States.

Television appearances

All shows aired in Japan except for Shogun which aired in the U.S.

References

  1. ^ James E. Wise Jr.; Scott Baron. International Stars at War. p. 132.
  2. ^ http://www.tcm.com/thismonth/article.jsp?cid=136021&mainArticleId=160926
  3. ^ http://www.mifuneproductions.co.jp/english/biography/ebiography.html
  4. ^ L'Harmattan web site (in French), Order with gold ribbon
  5. ^ "8th Moscow International Film Festival (1973)". MIFF. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
  6. ^ "10th Moscow International Film Festival (1977)". MIFF. Retrieved 2013-01-07.
  7. ^ Richie, Donald. The Films of Akira Kurosawa. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22037-4.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toshiro Mifune.

English:

Japanese:

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