Province of Trieste: Difference between revisions
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The Memorandum of London, as signed by Italy and the then Republic of Yugoslavia in 1954, under the auspices of the main allied powers, being the U.S.A. and the United Kingdom, actually confirmed the contents and conditions of the Treaty of Peace signed by Italy in Paris in 1947 and merely passed the "temporary administration" of the respective Zones A and B of the Free Territory of Trieste to Italy and and Yugoslavia with the duty to oversee the nomination of an independent "Governor" for each territory. Furthermore, the memorandum of London meant that the signatories renounce any territorial claims on the other, that is, Italy renounced claim to any part of Zone B while Yugoslavia renounced any claim to Zone A as defined by the authorities at that time (rif. the Morgan Line). While Italy immediately ignored its signed obligations, neither establishing the independent Governorship of that part of the Free Territory of Trieste (FTT) represented by Zone A nor respecting any other of those fiscal, economic and judicial conditions as agreed and signed in both the 1947, Peace Treaty and the 1954 Memorandum of London- it is nonetheless those documents which continue to define the "de facto" judicial status of the Free Territory of Trieste under the guarantee of the United Nations Security Council. In 1954 Italy simply annexed the Free Territory of Trieste in violation of those treaties and, to date, continues to occupy and suppress the territory and its people against their will. Today, a growing and increasingly vocal section of citizens of the Free Territory of Trieste have denounced Italy for the infringement of international treaties and for human rights violations within the FTT calling on the Italian government to withdraw its illegal presence and to respect and reinstate the legal integrity of the FTT as established under those valid international treaties. |
The Memorandum of London, as signed by Italy and the then Republic of Yugoslavia in 1954, under the auspices of the main allied powers, being the U.S.A. and the United Kingdom, actually confirmed the contents and conditions of the Treaty of Peace signed by Italy in Paris in 1947 and merely passed the "temporary administration" of the respective Zones A and B of the Free Territory of Trieste to Italy and and Yugoslavia with the duty to oversee the nomination of an independent "Governor" for each territory. Furthermore, the memorandum of London meant that the signatories renounce any territorial claims on the other, that is, Italy renounced claim to any part of Zone B while Yugoslavia renounced any claim to Zone A as defined by the authorities at that time (rif. the Morgan Line). While Italy immediately ignored its signed obligations, neither establishing the independent Governorship of that part of the Free Territory of Trieste (FTT) represented by Zone A nor respecting any other of those fiscal, economic and judicial conditions as agreed and signed in both the 1947, Peace Treaty and the 1954 Memorandum of London- it is nonetheless those documents which continue to define the "de facto" judicial status of the Free Territory of Trieste under the guarantee of the United Nations Security Council. In 1954 Italy simply annexed the Free Territory of Trieste in violation of those treaties and, to date, continues to occupy and suppress the territory and its people against their will. Today, a growing and increasingly vocal section of citizens of the Free Territory of Trieste have denounced Italy for the infringement of international treaties and for human rights violations within the FTT calling on the Italian government to withdraw its illegal presence and to respect and reinstate the legal integrity of the FTT as established under those valid international treaties. |
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It is also worth noting that the |
It is also worth noting that the 1974 Treaty of Osimo, often touted as a bilateral agreement between Italy and the then Yugoslavia, in which each country confirmed and recognized the sovereignty of the other over the respective Zones A & B, cannot be considered in any manner legitimate for any number of reasons but principally due to the fact that: |
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A) bilateral treaties cannot, and do not, replace or have precedence over valid International Treaties, |
A) bilateral treaties cannot, and do not, replace or have precedence over valid International Treaties, |
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B) The Treaty of Osimo was never actually signed and entered into law (which would effectively have represented a violation of international law - 1947, Treaty of Paris / 1954, Memorandum of London (as in (A) above) but remains purely an expression of the positions of the two parties to that "treaty". |
B) The Treaty of Osimo was never actually signed and entered into law (which would effectively have represented a violation of international law - 1947, Treaty of Paris / 1954, Memorandum of London (as in (A) above) but remains purely an expression of the positions of the two parties to that "treaty". |
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Revision as of 17:15, 23 August 2013
Province of Trieste | |
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Coat of arms of Province of Trieste Coat of arms | |
 Map highlighting the location of the province of Trieste in Italy | |
| Country |  Italy |
| Region | Friuli-Venezia Giulia |
| Capital(s) | Trieste |
| Comuni | 6 |
| Government | |
| • President | Maria Teresa Bassa Poropat |
| Area | |
| • Total | 212 km2 (82 sq mi) |
| Population (2009) | |
| • Total | 236,520 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 34121-34151 (Trieste); 34010-34018 (surroundings) |
| Telephone prefix | 040 |
| Vehicle registration | TS |
| ISTAT | 032 |
The Province of Trieste (Italian: Provincia di Trieste, Template:Lang-sl) is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Trieste. It has an area of 212 km², and a total population of 236,520 (April 2009). It has a coastal length of 48.1 km. There are 6 communes in the province.
History
Early history
After the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire, the area of the province of Trieste was ruled by the Ostrogoths, Eastern Romans (Byzantines), Lombards and by the Franks. With the advent of the Habsburgs (13th century) the territory was divided between the lords of Duino, Trieste, San Dorligo della Valle and Muggia. During the reign of Maria Theresa of Austria and, subsequently, Joseph II, the maritime trades were increased with institution of the free port.
In 1809, the area was ceded to France after the defeat of Austria in that year. After the French definitive defeat, the communes of Duino, Nabrežina, Sgonico and Monrupino, which used to be part of Carniola, were annexed to that of Gorizia and Gradisca, while Trieste became a direct city of the Austrian Empire. San Dorligo della Valle and Muggia became part of Istria.
World War I left the territory of the province almost untouched, although fierce battles were fought just on its north-westernmost edges.
The whole area was occupied by Italy in November 1918, in the aftermath of Austria's defeat in World War I. It was officially annexed to Italy with the Treaty of Rapallo (1920), which also assigned all of the fomer Austrian Littoral to Italy.
The establishment of the province
The Province of Trieste was first established in 1920. It comprised the current territory of the province, as well as significant portions of the Kras plateau and the region of Inner Carniola in present-day Slovenia. Between 1923 and 1943, the province of Trieste included also the communes of Monfalcone, Staranzano, Ronchi dei Legionari, San Canzian d'Isonzo, Turriaco, San Pier d'Isonzo, Fogliano-Redipuglia and Grado (today in Province of Gorizia), the current Slovenian municipalities of Sežana (including former communes of Dutovlje, Tomaj and Lokev), Divača (including former communes of Senožeče and Vremski Britof), Postojna (shortly Postumia before 1945; including former communes of Bukovje, Hrenovice and Slavina) and Pivka (including former communes of Šmihel and Košana), as well as some settlements in the present-day Slovenian municipality of Koper, namely Hrvatini, Jelarji, Spodnje Škofije, Plavje and Osp.
After World War II
After the end of World War II, the Free Territory of Trieste was established as a free state on September 15, 1947. On October 26, 1954, Italy and Yugoslavia came to an understanding whereby the territory de facto was divided between the two states. Zone A of the free state became the new Province of Trieste and Zone B was to be administered by Yugoslavia. The Province of Trieste formally became a part of Italy on October 11, 1977, by the Treaty of Osimo.
CORRECTION TO THE ABOVE
The Memorandum of London, as signed by Italy and the then Republic of Yugoslavia in 1954, under the auspices of the main allied powers, being the U.S.A. and the United Kingdom, actually confirmed the contents and conditions of the Treaty of Peace signed by Italy in Paris in 1947 and merely passed the "temporary administration" of the respective Zones A and B of the Free Territory of Trieste to Italy and and Yugoslavia with the duty to oversee the nomination of an independent "Governor" for each territory. Furthermore, the memorandum of London meant that the signatories renounce any territorial claims on the other, that is, Italy renounced claim to any part of Zone B while Yugoslavia renounced any claim to Zone A as defined by the authorities at that time (rif. the Morgan Line). While Italy immediately ignored its signed obligations, neither establishing the independent Governorship of that part of the Free Territory of Trieste (FTT) represented by Zone A nor respecting any other of those fiscal, economic and judicial conditions as agreed and signed in both the 1947, Peace Treaty and the 1954 Memorandum of London- it is nonetheless those documents which continue to define the "de facto" judicial status of the Free Territory of Trieste under the guarantee of the United Nations Security Council. In 1954 Italy simply annexed the Free Territory of Trieste in violation of those treaties and, to date, continues to occupy and suppress the territory and its people against their will. Today, a growing and increasingly vocal section of citizens of the Free Territory of Trieste have denounced Italy for the infringement of international treaties and for human rights violations within the FTT calling on the Italian government to withdraw its illegal presence and to respect and reinstate the legal integrity of the FTT as established under those valid international treaties.
It is also worth noting that the 1974 Treaty of Osimo, often touted as a bilateral agreement between Italy and the then Yugoslavia, in which each country confirmed and recognized the sovereignty of the other over the respective Zones A & B, cannot be considered in any manner legitimate for any number of reasons but principally due to the fact that: A) bilateral treaties cannot, and do not, replace or have precedence over valid International Treaties, B) The Treaty of Osimo was never actually signed and entered into law (which would effectively have represented a violation of international law - 1947, Treaty of Paris / 1954, Memorandum of London (as in (A) above) but remains purely an expression of the positions of the two parties to that "treaty". C) The territories in question were not sovereign territories of the countries involved but remained solely under "temporary administration" and as such were never theirs to allocate, define or carve up.
Languages
Italian language is spoken in the whole province. In the city of Trieste, many people speak Triestine, a dialect of Venetian. The Tergestine, an archaic dialect of the Friulian language was spoken in Trieste and in Muggia, but became completely extinct by the mid 19th century.
An estimated 8% of the province's population belong to the Slovene linguistic community. [1] Italian legislation recognizes and protects the Slovene linguistic minority in all of the six municipalities of the province, although visual bilingualism is not applied in the city centre of Trieste and in the town of Muggia.[2] Besides standard Slovene, which is taught in Slovene-language schools, three different Slovene dialects are spoken in the Province of Trieste. The Kras dialect is spoken in the municipalities of Duino-Aurisina and Sgonico, as well as in several settlements in the municipality of Trieste: Barcola, Prosecco, and Contovello. The Inner Carniolan dialect is spoken in the municipality of Monrupino and in several settlements of the municipality of Trieste, namely Opicina, Trebiciano, Padriciano, and Basovizza. The Istrian dialect is spoken in the municipalities of San Dorligo della Valle and in the rural areas of Muggia, as well as in the southern suburbs of Trieste (most notably in Servola).
Comuni
The following is a list of the six communes of the Province of Trieste, Italy.
| ISTAT Code | Comune | Population (2009) |
|---|---|---|
| 032001 | Duino-Aurisina | 8,675 |
| 032002 | Monrupino | 891 |
| 032003 | Muggia | 13,410 |
| 032004 | San Dorligo della Valle | 5,945 |
| 032005 | Sgonico | 2,102 |
| 032006 | Trieste | 205,523 |
| Total | 236,546 |
Points of interest
- Giardino Botanico Carsiana
- Val Rosandra
- Grotta Gigante
- Duino Castle
- Miramare Castle
- Rilke trail
- Sistiana Bay
- Timavo sources
- Fortified church in Monrupino
See also
References
- ^ Slovenian in Italy Research Centre of Multilingualism, archived on 8 July 2006 from the original
- ^ Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 12 settembre 2007
External links
- Template:It icon Provincia di Trieste - Official site
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