Landmark Worldwide: Difference between revisions
→Legal disputes: Changed to 'controversies' & added additional 2008 sourced news |
Thirdright (talk | contribs) |
||
Line 177: | Line 177: | ||
According to ''[[Le Nouvel Observateur]]'', the French office of Landmark closed in July 2004 after labor inspectors, following a site visit that noted the activities of volunteers, made a report of undeclared employment.<ref>Marie Lemonniera, [http://hebdo.nouvelobs.com/hebdo/parution/p2115/dossier/a268827-chez_les_gourous_en_cravate.html "Chez les gourous en cravate"], ''Le Nouvel Observateur'', 19 May 2005, accessed 7 December 2008; French text: "L'Inspection du Travail débarque dans les locaux de Landmark, constate l'exploitation des bénévoles et dresse des procès-verbaux pour travail non déclaré." English translation: "Labor inspectors turned up at the offices of Landmark, noted the exploitation of volunteers and drew up a report of undeclared employment."</ref><ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/04/02/2205464.htm?section=australia "Defence workers trained by 'cult'"], ''ABC News'', 2 April 2008</ref><ref name=Sectes>(1996) "[http://atheisme.free.fr/Religion/Sectes_liste.htm Liste des sectes dangereuses]" (French). atheisme.free.fr. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.</ref><ref>(May 26, 2004). "[http://www.landmarkeducation.fr/menu.jsp?top=20447&siteObjectID=21551 Landmark Education - Droit de Répons - France 3]" (French). landmarkeducation.fr. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.</ref> |
According to ''[[Le Nouvel Observateur]]'', the French office of Landmark closed in July 2004 after labor inspectors, following a site visit that noted the activities of volunteers, made a report of undeclared employment.<ref>Marie Lemonniera, [http://hebdo.nouvelobs.com/hebdo/parution/p2115/dossier/a268827-chez_les_gourous_en_cravate.html "Chez les gourous en cravate"], ''Le Nouvel Observateur'', 19 May 2005, accessed 7 December 2008; French text: "L'Inspection du Travail débarque dans les locaux de Landmark, constate l'exploitation des bénévoles et dresse des procès-verbaux pour travail non déclaré." English translation: "Labor inspectors turned up at the offices of Landmark, noted the exploitation of volunteers and drew up a report of undeclared employment."</ref><ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/04/02/2205464.htm?section=australia "Defence workers trained by 'cult'"], ''ABC News'', 2 April 2008</ref><ref name=Sectes>(1996) "[http://atheisme.free.fr/Religion/Sectes_liste.htm Liste des sectes dangereuses]" (French). atheisme.free.fr. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.</ref><ref>(May 26, 2004). "[http://www.landmarkeducation.fr/menu.jsp?top=20447&siteObjectID=21551 Landmark Education - Droit de Répons - France 3]" (French). landmarkeducation.fr. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.</ref> |
||
== |
== Legal disputes == |
||
{{Main|Landmark Education litigation}} |
{{Main|Landmark Education litigation}} |
||
Since its formation in 1991, Landmark Worldwide LLC has been involved in approximately a dozen lawsuits in the [[United States]] and four more in [[Europe]], initiating [[defamation]] actions against authors and journalists who intimated that it is a cult. Critics of Landmark have portrayed these actions as an assault on [[free speech]] or an attempt to suppress legitimate comment, whereas LE has insisted that it only seeks to have inaccurate statements corrected and to protect its products from unfair disparagement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:2004_Landmark_v_Ross_complaint.pdf&page=1 |title=File:2004 Landmark v Ross complaint.pdf - Wikimedia Commons |publisher=Commons.wikimedia.org |date= |accessdate=2012-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:2004_Landmark_v_Ross_answer.pdf&page=1 |title=File:2004 Landmark v Ross answer.pdf - Wikimedia Commons |publisher=Commons.wikimedia.org |date= |accessdate=2012-04-18}}</ref> |
Since its formation in 1991, Landmark Worldwide LLC has been involved in approximately a dozen lawsuits in the [[United States]] and four more in [[Europe]], initiating [[defamation]] actions against authors and journalists who intimated that it is a cult. Critics of Landmark have portrayed these actions as an assault on [[free speech]] or an attempt to suppress legitimate comment, whereas LE has insisted that it only seeks to have inaccurate statements corrected and to protect its products from unfair disparagement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:2004_Landmark_v_Ross_complaint.pdf&page=1 |title=File:2004 Landmark v Ross complaint.pdf - Wikimedia Commons |publisher=Commons.wikimedia.org |date= |accessdate=2012-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:2004_Landmark_v_Ross_answer.pdf&page=1 |title=File:2004 Landmark v Ross answer.pdf - Wikimedia Commons |publisher=Commons.wikimedia.org |date= |accessdate=2012-04-18}}</ref> |
||
In 2008 it was revealed that taxpayers in [[Australia]] were funding [[Victoria Police]] to attend 'a controversial personal enlightenment course' connected to the [[Church_of_Scientology]] called Landmark Education (now known as [[Landmark Worldwide]]).<ref name="Landmark2008">Rolfe, Peter. 'We pay for seminars; Police out `to see the light', ''Sunday Herald-Sun (Melbourne)'', September 3, 2008. Available from: Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, Ipswich, MA. Accessed August 28, 2013.</ref> As confirmed by, then, Police Minister [[Bob Cameron (Victorian politician)|Bob Cameron]], the 'transformation seminars' run by Warner Erhard, were attended by at least '37 police and public sector staff' between 2001 and 2006 'at a cost of more than $16,602'. Regarding how many other taxpayer funded staff had attended a spokesperson for the State government of Premier [[John Brumby]] 'could not say'.<ref name="Landmark2008"/> The applicants to the seminars had to 'first submit to four-day entry forums, which last up to 15 hours a day' as part of a program which offered 'participants romance, money, sex and intimacy and "access to |
|||
power"'.<ref name="Landmark2008"/> It was noted in a news report that 'Landmark Education has previously taken legal action against newspapers, magazines, websites and television programs that have criticised it.'<ref name="Landmark2008"/> |
|||
== References == |
== References == |
Revision as of 01:38, 29 August 2013
![]() | |
Company type | Private LLC |
---|---|
Industry | self-help, self-improvement, personal development, management consulting, continuing education |
Founded | January 1991 |
Headquarters | San Francisco, California, U.S. |
Key people | Harry Rosenberg: Director;[1] CEO Mick Leavitt: President |
Products | The Landmark Forum, associated coursework |
Revenue | ![]() |
Number of employees | 525+ employees;[2] 800 trained leaders, some of whom volunteer their time;[3][failed verification] |
Subsidiaries | The Vanto Group (formerly Landmark Education Business Development or LEBD, from 1993 to 2007) Landmark Education International, Inc.[4] Tekniko Licensing Corporation Rancord Company, Ltd. |
Website | Landmark's homepage |
Landmark Worldwide (formerly Landmark Education), or simply Landmark, is a limited liability company that offers programs in personal development. The company hosts courses in approximately 115 locations across more than 20 countries.[2][5][6][7][8]
More than 2.2 million people have taken Landmark's programs since its founding in 1991.[9] It is an employee-owned, private company, headquartered in San Francisco, California whose origins were from the purchase[10] of the intellectual property of Werner Erhard, who developed the est training.[11] Landmark has developed and delivered over 40 personal development programs. Its subsidiary the Vanto Group, markets and delivers training and consulting to organizations.[12]
Corporation
Landmark Worldwide LLC operates as an employee-owned for-profit private company. According to Landmark's website, its employees own all the stock of the corporation, with no individual holding more than 3%. The company states that it operates in such a way as to invest its surpluses into making its programs, initiatives, and services more widely available.[2]
As of 2005, Landmark stated that they have 200,000 participants in all of their courses annually with 70,000 to 80,000 people participating in the Landmark Forum.[13] By 2008, more than 1 million people had taken part in Landmark's introductory program, the Landmark Forum, since 1991.[14] Landmark reported revenues of approximately $81 million as of 2011[update].[2]
History
Landmark Worldwide LLC, known from May 7, 1991[4] to February 26, 2003[15] as "Landmark Education Corporation (LEC)", and from February 26, 2003 to July 16, 2013 as Landmark Education LLC, purchased certain rights to a presentation known as The Forum from Werner Erhard and Associates.[16] Since then, the name of the presentation has been changed to "The Landmark Forum" and the content has been revised. The group of people who purchased the rights registered themselves initially as Transnational Education, as The Centers Network, and (in Japan) as Rancord Company, Ltd.. Incorporation as "Landmark Education Corporation" (LEC) took place later in 1991. "Landmark Education International, Inc.", the first Landmark name incorporated in the State of California, was filed on June 22, 1987.[17] In February 2003, Landmark Education LLC succeeded LEC.[15]
The coursework and pedagogy of WEA evolved from est/Erhard Seminars Training, founded by Werner Erhard in 1971. According to Landmark Education, Erhard consults from time to time with its "Research and Design team".[10] Terry Giles, Chairman of the Board, is credited with resolving a long-standing rift among the descendants of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.[18][19]
Business consulting
Vanto Group, Inc., founded in 1993 as "Landmark Education Business Development" (LEBD), a wholly owned subsidiary of Landmark Worldwide Enterprises, Inc., uses the techniques of Landmark to provide consulting services to various companies. The University of Southern California (USC) Marshall School of Business carried out a case study in 1998 into the work of LEBD. The report concluded that the set of interventions in the organization produced a 50% improvement in safety, a 15% to 20% reduction in key benchmark costs, a 50% increase in return on capital, and a 20% increase in raw steel production.[20] LEBD became the Vanto Group in 2007.
Companies such as Panda Express and Lululemon Athletica pay for and encourage employees to take part in The Landmark Forum.[21][22]
Licensing intellectual property
Tekniko, Inc., formerly owned by Werner Erhard, was the successor organization to Transformational Technologies, which was incorporated in 1984 by Erhard and management consultant James Selman.[23] Tekniko Licencing Corporation, a California corporation owned by Terry M. Giles, later acquired this technology. In 2001 Landmark Education formed Tekniko Licensing Corporation, a Nevada corporation, which purchased Tekniko Technology from Giles' company.[24][25]
Since that time, the Vanto Group, a wholly owned subsidiary of Landmark Worldwide, has used Tekniko to license the "Tekniko methodology and intellectual property to a wide variety of corporations".[26]
Course content
The Landmark Forum takes place over three consecutive days and an evening session (generally Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and Tuesday evening.) Each full day begins at 9:00 a.m. and typically ends at approximately 10:00 p.m. Breaks are approximately every 2–3 hours, with a 90-minute dinner break. The evening session generally runs from 7:00 p.m. to 10:15 p.m. Course size varies between 75 and 250 people.[6] Rules are set up at the beginning of the program, such as strongly encouraging participants not to miss any part of the program.[27] Attendees are also urged to be “coachable” and not just be observers during the course.[27][28] The program is arranged as a discussion where the course leader presents certain ideas and the course participants engage in voluntary sharing with the course leader to discuss how those ideas apply to their own life.[14] Ideas presented, asserted and discussed include the following:
- There is a big difference between what actually happened in a person’s life and the meaning or interpretation they made up about it[14]
- People pursue an imaginary someday of satisfaction[6]
- Human behavior is governed by a need to look good [27]
- People add meaning to events in their life which are not necessarily true[6]
- People can “transform” by a creative act of bringing forth new ways of being, rather than trying to change themselves in comparison to the past[6]
- Course participants are encouraged to call people they know during the course who they are incomplete with and either be in communication with the other person or be responsible for their own behavior.[6][27][29]
- The Tuesday evening session completes the Landmark Forum with several further distinctions and sharing by participants about the results they got. Course attendees bring guests to learn about the Landmark Forum.[6][28][29]
Community projects
Some other Landmark courses encourage or require participants to create a community project.[30][31][32] In the Self-Expression and Leadership Program, participants are required to undertake a project that benefits the larger community or society as a whole.[33][34][35][36]
In the Team, Management, and Leadership Program, participants create four team-based community projects.[37]
Evaluations and reviews
The New York Times reporter Henry Alford summarized his review of The Landmark Forum by saying "Two months after the Forum, I'd rate my success at 84 percent. I'm more prone to telling loved ones and colleagues, in person and without glibness, that I love or admire them. But I still operate from a base position that people are a lot of effort."[38] Time reporter Nathan Thornburgh, in his review of The Landmark Forum, said "At its heart, the course was a withering series of scripted reality checks meant to show us how we have created nearly everything we see as a problem …I benefited tremendously from the uncomfortable mirror the course had put in front of me."[39]
The Irish Mail on Sunday says the effects of The Landmark Forum "...can be startling. People find themselves reconciled with parents, exes and friends. They have conversations they have wanted to have with their families for years; they meet people or get promoted in work."[40]
Landmark makes extensive use of web-published and word-of-mouth testimonials from customers to portray its effectiveness, and supplements these with studies, surveys, and opinions.[41]
Some observers[who?] question whether and to what degree Landmark courses benefit participants. Others[who?] criticize the use of volunteers by Landmark; others[who?] highlight the connections with other groups and with Werner Erhard. Landmark has been criticized by some for being overzealous in encouraging people to participate in its courses.[42]
Some newspaper articles about the Forum mention rumours or allegations that it is in some sense "cult-like".[43] Landmark rejects the cult label and "freely threatens or pursues lawsuits against those who call it one."[44] Journalists Amelia Hill with The Observer and Karin Badt from The Huffington Post have witnessed the Landmark Forum and concluded that, in their view, it is not a cult. Hill wrote, "It is ... simple common sense delivered in an environment of startling intensity." Badt noted the organisation's emphasis on "'spreading the word' of the Landmark forum as a sign of the participants' 'integrity'" in recounting her personal experience of an introductory "Landmark Forum" course. Part of this theme included repeated comparisons between program participants and Martin Luther King and Mahatma Gandhi.[45] Badt expressed the opinion that the course's word-of-mouth marketing methodology and its considerable focus on proselytizing[46] amounted to "brainwashing".[47] She also noted that, "At the end of the day, I found the Forum innocuous. No cult, no radical religion: an inspiring, entertaining introduction of good solid techniques of self-reflection, with an appropriate emphasis on action and transformation (not change)", pointing instead to problems lying with uncritical participants.[6]
Landmark makes no claims of a religious nature but the relationship of the training programs to religion sometimes occurs in reviews of the training. While reviewers have noted the lack of religious elements in the programs or the compatibility of the programs with various religions,[48][49][50][51] some academic sources suggest the programs possess religious features, address participants' spiritual needs, or are even a form of new religion.[52][53][54][55][56][57][58] In their 2002 book Cults, Religion, and Violence, authors David G. Bromley and J. Gordon Melton noted that some governments were overly restrictive towards New Religious Movements and Personal Development groups, illustrating this by the appearances of Landmark and many other organisations in lists of "Sectes" published by government commissions in Belgium and France.[59]
Following a series of investigative articles in the national daily Dagens Nyheter[60][61][62] and programs on the private TV channel TV4, Landmark also closed its offices in Sweden[63] as of June 2004.
According to Le Nouvel Observateur, the French office of Landmark closed in July 2004 after labor inspectors, following a site visit that noted the activities of volunteers, made a report of undeclared employment.[64][65][66][67]
Legal disputes
Since its formation in 1991, Landmark Worldwide LLC has been involved in approximately a dozen lawsuits in the United States and four more in Europe, initiating defamation actions against authors and journalists who intimated that it is a cult. Critics of Landmark have portrayed these actions as an assault on free speech or an attempt to suppress legitimate comment, whereas LE has insisted that it only seeks to have inaccurate statements corrected and to protect its products from unfair disparagement.[68][69]
References
- ^ (January 7, 2002). "Landmark Education Celebrates 11 Years of Business and Growth". LandmarkEducation.com. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Landmark Fact Sheet, LandmarkWorldwide.com. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
- ^ The Landmark Seminar Leader Program. LandmarkWorldwide.com. Retrieved on July 16, 2013.
- ^ a b
(January 16, 1991). Articles of Incorporation, dike.de. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
Quote: "This letter serves as the consent by Landmark Education Corporation for the use of the name "Landmark Education International, Inc." by our wholly-owned subsidiary, currently known as Werner Erhard and Associates International, Inc." - ^ Company History. LandmarkEducation.com. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Badt, Karen (March 5, 2008). "Karin Badt: Inside The Landmark Forum". The Huffington Post. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
- ^ Landmark Events and Locations. Landmark Education.com. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
- ^ Nathan Thornberg April 10, 2011 Change We Can (almost) Believe In.
- ^ http://www.landmarkworldwide.com/the-landmark-forum/who-participates
- ^ a b Faltermayer, Charlotte; Richard Woodbury (March 16, 1998). "The Best of Est?. TIME. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
- ^ Werner Erhard biography. werner-erhard.com. Version as of October 10, 2004, retrieved through Internet Archive on October 22, 2008.
- ^ (February 1, 2008). "Landmark Education Business Development, LEBD, Changes Name to Vanto Group". Reuters. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
- ^ About Landmark. LandmarkWorldwide.com. Retrieved on July 16, 2013.
- ^ a b c Stassen, Wilma (September 2008). "Inside a Landmark Forum Weekend" Health 24
- ^ a b LP/LLC information. California Secretary of State. Filed February 26, 2003. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
- ^ Pressman, Steven (1993). Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-09296-2, p. 254. (Out of print).
- ^ Corporation information. California Secretary of State. Filed June 22, 1987. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
- ^ Dewan, Shaila (May 3, 2010). "Hired to Bring Order, Kings' Adviser Brings Peace". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2010-11-02.
Terry M. Giles ... the self-improvement techniques of EST. (Werner Erhard, the creator of EST, is a client.)
- ^ Dow Jones & Co., Inc. (2010). "Landmark Education Corporation". The Business Journals. American City Business Journals, Inc. Retrieved 2010-11-02.
Landmark Education Corporation - Company Executives - Terry Giles - Chairman of the Board
- ^ Logan, David C. (1998). "Transforming the Network of Conversations in BHP New Zealand Steel: Landmark Education Business Development's New Paradigm for Organizational Change", University of Southern California, Marshall School of Business, L984-01.
- ^ . Business Week. 2010-11-18 http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_48/b4205098143983.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
{{cite news}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - ^ . Fast Company. 2009-04-01 http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/134/om-my.html. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
{{cite news}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - ^ Norman Bodek (1985). ReVision: The Journal of Consciousness and Change, Vol 7, No. 2, Winter 1984 / Spring 1985
- ^
Case Financial Inc · DEFM14A. SEC filings on secinfo.com. Filed May 3, 2000. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
Quote: "Mr. Giles is the owner of Tekniko Licensing Corporation, which licenses intellectual properties owned by Tekniko to businesses throughout the world." - ^ Pacific Biometrics, filings. Form SB-2. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
- ^ Landmark Education information.
- ^ a b c d e Hill, Amelia (2008-03-05). "I thought I'd be brainwashed. But how wrong could I be…". The Guardian. London: www.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
- ^ a b c McCrone, John (2008-11-22). "A Landmark Change". The Press. The Press (New Zealand).
- ^ a b c Odasso, Diane (2008-06-05). "My Landmark Experience". The Huffington Post. www.huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
- ^ "Velo and Vintage on Second Saturday". Sacramento Press. 2010-05-06. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
- ^ 31/entertainment/24990821_1_breast-cancer-survivors-breast-cancer-survivors-duck-breast "Cherish the mammary: Restaurants raise funds for breast cancer survivors". Philadelphia Daily News. 2008-07-31. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
{{cite news}}
: Check|url=
value (help) - ^ "Some of Detroit's Major Miracle Makers". Time Magazine, Detroit Blog. 2010-09-21. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
- ^ "Cyclists gear up for challenging event". San Diego Union-Tribune. 2008-04-19. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
- ^ Mauro, Lucia (2001-10-26). "Middle Eastern arts on tap". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ^ "Helping professionals take up community welfare projects". Chennai, India: Hindu Times. 2010-09-13. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ^ "Charity walk to boost anti-suicide initiatives". Bay of Plenty Times. 2011-08-20. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ^ "Local couple finds true love is closer than you think". The Daily Courier. 2011-02-13. Retrieved 2011-10-29.
- ^ Alford, Henry (2010-11-26). "You're O.K., but I'm Not. Let's Share". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
- ^ "Change We Can (Almost) Believe In". TIME Magazine. 2011-03-07. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
- ^ "Landmark Forum: One Weekend to fix your LIFE?". Irish Mail on Sunday. 2012-02-18.
{{cite news}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - ^ "Brief Quotes". LandmarkEducation.com. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
- ^ Graham Rayman, "Suit Against Sperm-Bank Firm Claims Sexual Harassment and Cult-Like Behavior", Village Voice, 20 May 2008
- ^ *Bass, Alison (March 3, 1999). "The Forum: Cult or comfort?". The Boston Globe. The New York Times Company.
- Graham Rayman, "Suit Against Sperm-Bank Firm Claims Sexual Harassment and Cult-Like Behavior", Village Voice, 20 May 2008
- Christa D'Souza, "Sex Therapy", The Times (London), 13 July 2008, Features/Style p. 12
- Una Mullally and John Burke, "Labour senator promotes group classified in France as 'cult-like'", Sunday Tribune (Dublin), 31 July 2005, p.N1
- Scioscia, Amanda (19 October 2000). "Drive-thru Deliverance; It's not called est anymore, but you can still be ridiculed into self-awareness in just one expensive weekend". Phoenix New Times.
- "Defence workers trained by 'cult'", ABC News (Australia), 2 April 2008
- ^ Scioscia, Amanda (19 October 2000). "Drive-thru Deliverance; It's not called est anymore, but you can still be ridiculed into self-awareness in just one expensive weekend". Phoenix New Times.
- ^
Badt, Karin (2008-03-05). "Inside The Landmark Forum". The Huffington Post. HuffingtonPost.com. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
I questioned the odd apolitical bias of the program. Martin Luther King and Ghandi [sic] were not just victors of positive thinking: they had a radical political agenda to re-adjust political inequality. Their belief system was based in believing in something more than ourselves. Why were we being compared to Gandhi and King if we could stand up to our husbands and get a more successful career? [...] [The seminar deliverer] concluded, per forma, with moving descriptions of Gandhi and King.
- ^
Badt, Karin (2008-03-05). "Inside The Landmark Forum". The Huffington Post. HuffingtonPost.com. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
Yes, they urge us to proselytize, which rather than a cult technique, might just be an unfortunate mistake in marketing strategy [...]
- ^
Badt, Karin (2008-03-05). "Inside The Landmark Forum". The Huffington Post. HuffingtonPost.com. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
Participants, having heard the argument drone in their ears for 9 hours in a period of 72, began to cheer and smile as they raised their hands to say they too had the courage to stand for the Forum. This was brainwashing.
- ^ Ben Porat, Shahar (April 2006). "Teacher of the Confused". Time Out. Israel. pp. 42–44.
- ^ Cannon, Patrick Owen (June 14, 2007). "Communication for Planetary Transformation and the Drag of Public Conversations: The Case of Landmark Education Corporation". Tampa, FL: University of South Florida: 1–504. SFE0002150. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Lazarus, Baila (April 11, 2008). "Attain Freedom from the Past". Jewish Independent.
- ^ Pennington, Basil (1993). "Expert Opinions" (PDF). Landmark Education. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
While it is not religiously oriented, the full human enlivenment which it brings about leads to the person becoming more lively in the practice of his or her particular faith. It is a purely natural or human program but can be used by the faithful Christian in service of living a more lively Christian life.
- ^ Bhugra, Dinesh (1997). Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus and Controversies. Routledge. p. 126. ISBN 0-415-16512-1.
- ^ Chryssides, George D. (2006). The A to Z of New Religious Movements. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 197–198. ISBN 0-8108-5588-7.
{{cite book}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=
(help) - ^ Kronberg, Robert (2002). "Psychogroups and Cults in Denmark". Cultic Studies Review. 1 (1). International Cultic Studies Association.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ Beckford, James A. (2003). Social Theory and Religion. Cambridge University Press. p. 156. ISBN 0-521-77431-4.
- ^ Partridge, Christopher (2004). New Religions: A Guide. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 406. ISBN 0-19-522042-0.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ Arweck, Elisabeth (2005). Researching New Religious Movements. Routledge. p. 166. ISBN 0-415-27755-8.
- ^ Lewis, James R. (2005). Cults. ABC-CLIO. pp. 123–124. ISBN 1-85109-618-3.
- ^ Bromley, David G. (2002). Cults, Religion, and Violence. Cambridge University Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-521-66898-0.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ Christian Palme (2002-06-03). "Landsting köpte kurs av Landmark". DN.SE. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
- ^ Tidskriften Analys & Kritik - Irrationalismen
- ^ Marie Lemonniera, "Chez les gourous en cravate", Le Nouvel Observateur, 19 May 2005, accessed 7 December 2008; French text: "L'Inspection du Travail débarque dans les locaux de Landmark, constate l'exploitation des bénévoles et dresse des procès-verbaux pour travail non déclaré." English translation: "Labor inspectors turned up at the offices of Landmark, noted the exploitation of volunteers and drew up a report of undeclared employment."
- ^ "Defence workers trained by 'cult'", ABC News, 2 April 2008
- ^ (1996) "Liste des sectes dangereuses" (French). atheisme.free.fr. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
- ^ (May 26, 2004). "Landmark Education - Droit de Répons - France 3" (French). landmarkeducation.fr. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
- ^ "File:2004 Landmark v Ross complaint.pdf - Wikimedia Commons". Commons.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
- ^ "File:2004 Landmark v Ross answer.pdf - Wikimedia Commons". Commons.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png)