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Coordinates: 57°58′17″N 56°12′54″E / 57.97139°N 56.21500°E / 57.97139; 56.21500
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Rescuing 4 sources. #IABot
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Aeroflot-Nord officially stated that: "The Boeing-737 carried 82 passengers on board — including 7 children — and 6 crew... All passengers were killed. As the plane was coming in for landing, it lost communication at the height of {{convert|1100|m|ft}} and air controllers lost its blip.<ref name="Tor">{{cite news |title=88 die in Russian jet crash |page=26 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=15 September 2008}}</ref> The airplane was found within Perm's city limits completely destroyed and on fire." Investigator Vladimir Markin said that "there were 82 passengers plus a baby and 5 crew on board, and by preliminary information, they are all dead as the airplane fell into a [[ravine]] near the city limits." [[RIA Novosti]] however reported that "it was possible that 3 people who bought a ticket for the ill-fated flight 821 to Perm did not get on board."
Aeroflot-Nord officially stated that: "The Boeing-737 carried 82 passengers on board — including 7 children — and 6 crew... All passengers were killed. As the plane was coming in for landing, it lost communication at the height of {{convert|1100|m|ft}} and air controllers lost its blip.<ref name="Tor">{{cite news |title=88 die in Russian jet crash |page=26 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=15 September 2008}}</ref> The airplane was found within Perm's city limits completely destroyed and on fire." Investigator Vladimir Markin said that "there were 82 passengers plus a baby and 5 crew on board, and by preliminary information, they are all dead as the airplane fell into a [[ravine]] near the city limits." [[RIA Novosti]] however reported that "it was possible that 3 people who bought a ticket for the ill-fated flight 821 to Perm did not get on board."


Both [[flight recorder]]s were found and successfully decoded. The airline stated "it pledged to pay compensation on obligatory accident insurance in full, which would make up to 2 million [[rubles]] per victim." The crash damaged and shut down a section of the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]]; rail traffic was temporarily re-routed via [[Chusovoy|Chusovaya]] station, and was restored by the evening of 14 September. The aircraft was [[leased]] by Aeroflot-Nord from Dublin-based Pinewatch Limited from July 2008 to March 2013.<ref>
Both [[flight recorder]]s were found and successfully decoded. The airline stated "it pledged to pay compensation on obligatory accident insurance in full, which would make up to 2 million [[rubles]] per victim." The crash damaged and shut down a section of the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]]; rail traffic was temporarily re-routed via [[Chusovoy|Chusovaya]] station, and was restored by the evening of 14 September. The aircraft was [[leased]] by Aeroflot-Nord from Dublin-based Pinewatch Limited from July 2008 to March 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gJgjC63RTDeMPUx-47gaOd3xnRFg |agency=Agence France-Presse |title=88 including 21 foreigners killed in airplane crash in Russia's Urals |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20080918153810/http://afp.google.com:80/article/ALeqM5gJgjC63RTDeMPUx-47gaOd3xnRFg |archivedate=18 September 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://ukpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5h5n82mQKM3elWCDfl_6mM8GnSjpg |publisher=ukpress |title=Plane crash kills all on board |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20080918212258/http://ukpress.google.com:80/article/ALeqM5h5n82mQKM3elWCDfl_6mM8GnSjpg |archivedate=18 September 2008 }}</ref><ref>
{{cite news
|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gJgjC63RTDeMPUx-47gaOd3xnRFg
|agency=Agence France-Presse
|title=88 including 21 foreigners killed in airplane crash in Russia's Urals
}}{{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news
|url=http://ukpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5h5n82mQKM3elWCDfl_6mM8GnSjpg
|publisher=ukpress
|title=Plane crash kills all on board
}}{{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news
{{cite news
|url=http://www.reuters.fr/news/articlenews.aspx?type=newsOne&storyID=2008-09-14T055621Z_01_LE463005_RTRUKOC_0_US-RUSSIA-CRASH.xml&WTmodLoc=Home-C2-TopNews-newsOne-1 reuters.fr/news
|url=http://www.reuters.fr/news/articlenews.aspx?type=newsOne&storyID=2008-09-14T055621Z_01_LE463005_RTRUKOC_0_US-RUSSIA-CRASH.xml&WTmodLoc=Home-C2-TopNews-newsOne-1 reuters.fr/news
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The final enquiry report stated that "after the base turn, approaching the landing course at 600 m with both autopilot and autothrottle disengaged, the aircraft started climbing up to 1300 m, rolled 360° over the left wing and collided with the ground".<ref name="aaib.gov.uk"/>
The final enquiry report stated that "after the base turn, approaching the landing course at 600 m with both autopilot and autothrottle disengaged, the aircraft started climbing up to 1300 m, rolled 360° over the left wing and collided with the ground".<ref name="aaib.gov.uk"/>
==Aircraft history==
==Aircraft history==
The aircraft involved in the crash (msn 25792/cn 2353) was originally ordered by [[Braathens]], but never operated by them and was quickly sold shortly after delivery to [[China Southwest Airlines]], whose subsidiary [[Xiamen Airlines]] operated the airframe from September 1992 to March 1993. The 737 was then operated by China Southwest Airlines itself until the airline merged with [[Air China]], who operated the aircraft from March 2003 until it was stored in March 2008 and sold to [[Pinewatch Limited]]. Aeroflot-Nord then leased the aircraft from Pinewatch Limited, and had operated the airframe from 29 May 2008 until its hull loss.<ref name="planesregister" /><ref>[http://www.airfleets.net/ficheapp/plane-b737-25792.htm b737-25792] Airfleets.net.</ref><ref name="Clarify">
The aircraft involved in the crash (msn 25792/cn 2353) was originally ordered by [[Braathens]], but never operated by them and was quickly sold shortly after delivery to [[China Southwest Airlines]], whose subsidiary [[Xiamen Airlines]] operated the airframe from September 1992 to March 1993. The 737 was then operated by China Southwest Airlines itself until the airline merged with [[Air China]], who operated the aircraft from March 2003 until it was stored in March 2008 and sold to [[Pinewatch Limited]]. Aeroflot-Nord then leased the aircraft from Pinewatch Limited, and had operated the airframe from 29 May 2008 until its hull loss.<ref name="planesregister" /><ref>[http://www.airfleets.net/ficheapp/plane-b737-25792.htm b737-25792] Airfleets.net.</ref><ref name="Clarify">{{cite pressrelease|url=http://www.aeroflot-nord.ru/news/actual/?file=5000171409200829 |title=[Clarifying information] |publisher=Aeroflot-Nord |date=14 September 2008 |language=Russian |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20080917150650/http://www.aeroflot-nord.ru:80/news/actual/?file=5000171409200829 |archivedate=17 September 2008 }}</ref> Pinewatch was incorporated in 1995.<ref>[http://www.ukdata.com/numbers/E0228369.html "Pinewatch Limited"] {{wayback|url=http://www.ukdata.com/numbers/E0228369.html |date=20080918110014 |df=y }}</ref>
{{cite pressrelease
|url=http://www.aeroflot-nord.ru/news/actual/?file=5000171409200829
|title=[Clarifying information]
|publisher=Aeroflot-Nord
|date=14 September 2008
|language=Russian
}}{{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref> Pinewatch was incorporated in 1995.<ref>[http://www.ukdata.com/numbers/E0228369.html "Pinewatch Limited"] {{wayback|url=http://www.ukdata.com/numbers/E0228369.html |date=20080918110014 |df=y }}</ref>


== Investigation ==
== Investigation ==
[[Image:Пермь. Место падения Боинг-737-500. Общий вид. Август 2011 года.JPG|Panorama of the crash site and the memorial.|thumb|300px|upright]]
[[Image:Пермь. Место падения Боинг-737-500. Общий вид. Август 2011 года.JPG|Panorama of the crash site and the memorial.|thumb|300px|upright]]
⚫
Russia's [[Air Accident Investigation Commission]] of the [[Interstate Aviation Committee]] led the investigation, with US assistance from the [[National Transportation Safety Board]], the [[Federal Aviation Authority]], and [[Boeing]].<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/Pressrel/2008/080914.html |title=NTSB assists government of Russia in aviation accident |publisher=US [[National Transportation Safety Board]] |date=14 September 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20080916010257/http://ntsb.gov/Pressrel/2008/080914.html |archivedate=16 September 2008 }}</ref> As the aircraft was registered in Bermuda, that government was represented by the UK's [[Air Accident Investigation Branch]], with two senior inspectors sent to participate under the Memorandum of Agreement. The AAIB team had representatives from the Bermudian [[Department of Civil Aviation (Bermuda)|Department of Civil Aviation]] as advisors.<ref>"[http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file=/AAIB%20Press%20Release%20VP-BKO%20160908.pdf AAIB PARTICIPATE IN RUSSIAN AVIATION ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION]." ([http://www.webcitation.org/6E8mHAnP0 Archive]) [[Air Accidents Investigation Branch]]. 16 September 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2013.</ref> The engines were made in France, so that state was represented by the ''[[Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la sécurité de l'Aviation Civile]]'' (BEA).<ref name="DCA08RA097">
Russia's [[Air Accident Investigation Commission]] of the [[Interstate Aviation Committee]] led the investigation, with US assistance from the [[National Transportation Safety Board]], the [[Federal Aviation Authority]], and [[Boeing]].<ref>
{{cite press release
|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/Pressrel/2008/080914.html
|title=NTSB assists government of Russia in aviation accident
|publisher=US [[National Transportation Safety Board]]
|date=14 September 2008
⚫
}}{{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref> As the aircraft was registered in Bermuda, that government was represented by the UK's [[Air Accident Investigation Branch]], with two senior inspectors sent to participate under the Memorandum of Agreement. The AAIB team had representatives from the Bermudian [[Department of Civil Aviation (Bermuda)|Department of Civil Aviation]] as advisors.<ref>"[http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file=/AAIB%20Press%20Release%20VP-BKO%20160908.pdf AAIB PARTICIPATE IN RUSSIAN AVIATION ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION]." ([http://www.webcitation.org/6E8mHAnP0 Archive]) [[Air Accidents Investigation Branch]]. 16 September 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2013.</ref> The engines were made in France, so that state was represented by the ''[[Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la sécurité de l'Aviation Civile]]'' (BEA).<ref name="DCA08RA097">
{{cite web
{{cite web
|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/GenPDF.asp?id=DCA08RA097&rpt=fa
|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/GenPDF.asp?id=DCA08RA097&rpt=fa

Revision as of 05:53, 24 February 2016

Aeroflot Flight 821
The aircraft involved the accident only 3 months before the crash.
Fatal accident
Date14 September 2008
SummaryPilot error, poor crew resource management, spatial disorientation
SitePerm, Russia
57°58′17″N 56°12′54″E / 57.97139°N 56.21500°E / 57.97139; 56.21500
Aircraft
Aircraft typeBoeing 737–505[1]
OperatorAeroflot-Nord
RegistrationVP-BKO
Flight originSheremetyevo International Airport, Moscow, Russia
DestinationPerm Airport, Perm, Russia
Passengers82
Crew6
Fatalities88 (all)
Survivors0

Aeroflot Flight 821, operated by Aeroflot-Nord in a service agreement with Aeroflot and as its subsidiary, crashed on approach to Perm Airport on 14 September 2008 at 5:10 local time (UTC+06). All 82 passengers and 6 crew members were killed. A section of the Trans-Siberian Railway was damaged by the crash. Flight 821 is the deadliest accident involving a Boeing 737-500 to date, surpassing the 1993 crash of Asiana Airlines Flight 733 and the second-deadliest aviation incident in 2008, behind Spanair Flight 5022.

The main reason for the crash was that both pilots had lost spatial orientation due to their lack of proficiency with the Western type of attitude indicator on the aircraft. Fatigue from lack of adequate rest, poor CRM and possible alcohol consumption by the captain also contributed to the accident.

This air disaster resulted in the rebranding of Aeroflot-Nord into Nordavia, effective on 1 December 2009.

Accident

The Boeing 737–505, registration VP-BKO, an aircraft belonging to the Aeroflot subsidiary Aeroflot-Nord but operating as Aeroflot flight SU821[2] from Moscow's Sheremetyevo International Airport to Perm (Russia) crashed into a railway line southwest of Perm 5:10 AM local time (or 13 September 2008, 23:10 UTC).[3][4][5][6][7] The weather at the time of accident was rainy (unbroken clouds at 240 m, light rain).[8]

According to an interview given by the air traffic controller shortly after the disaster, the crew did not respond correctly to ATC commands: after going around, it turned eastward instead of turning westward. However, the crew reported no emergency onboard and confirmed all commands given by ATC.[9] At 5:10 AM, radio contact with the plane was lost; minutes later it crashed in the outskirts of Perm.

Aeroflot-Nord officially stated that: "The Boeing-737 carried 82 passengers on board — including 7 children — and 6 crew... All passengers were killed. As the plane was coming in for landing, it lost communication at the height of 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) and air controllers lost its blip.[10] The airplane was found within Perm's city limits completely destroyed and on fire." Investigator Vladimir Markin said that "there were 82 passengers plus a baby and 5 crew on board, and by preliminary information, they are all dead as the airplane fell into a ravine near the city limits." RIA Novosti however reported that "it was possible that 3 people who bought a ticket for the ill-fated flight 821 to Perm did not get on board."

Both flight recorders were found and successfully decoded. The airline stated "it pledged to pay compensation on obligatory accident insurance in full, which would make up to 2 million rubles per victim." The crash damaged and shut down a section of the Trans-Siberian Railway; rail traffic was temporarily re-routed via Chusovaya station, and was restored by the evening of 14 September. The aircraft was leased by Aeroflot-Nord from Dublin-based Pinewatch Limited from July 2008 to March 2013.[11][12][13]

It was reported that its engines caught fire at an altitude of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). Eyewitness reports stated that the plane was visibly on fire prior to crashing, and hit the ground at a 30–40-degree angle.[4] However, the low clouds (at 240 m) must have prevented any witnesses from seeing the plane for more than a few seconds and the report was subsequently discounted by the accident enquiry (see below).

The final enquiry report stated that "after the base turn, approaching the landing course at 600 m with both autopilot and autothrottle disengaged, the aircraft started climbing up to 1300 m, rolled 360° over the left wing and collided with the ground".[14]

Aircraft history

The aircraft involved in the crash (msn 25792/cn 2353) was originally ordered by Braathens, but never operated by them and was quickly sold shortly after delivery to China Southwest Airlines, whose subsidiary Xiamen Airlines operated the airframe from September 1992 to March 1993. The 737 was then operated by China Southwest Airlines itself until the airline merged with Air China, who operated the aircraft from March 2003 until it was stored in March 2008 and sold to Pinewatch Limited. Aeroflot-Nord then leased the aircraft from Pinewatch Limited, and had operated the airframe from 29 May 2008 until its hull loss.[1][15][16] Pinewatch was incorporated in 1995.[17]

Investigation

Panorama of the crash site and the memorial.

Russia's Air Accident Investigation Commission of the Interstate Aviation Committee led the investigation, with US assistance from the National Transportation Safety Board, the Federal Aviation Authority, and Boeing.[18] As the aircraft was registered in Bermuda, that government was represented by the UK's Air Accident Investigation Branch, with two senior inspectors sent to participate under the Memorandum of Agreement. The AAIB team had representatives from the Bermudian Department of Civil Aviation as advisors.[19] The engines were made in France, so that state was represented by the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA).[20]

According to the data in flight recorders, the engines did not catch fire and continued working until the impact. The latest official reports are published in Russian on the Air Accident Investigation Commission website. An English translation of the final report is available at the United Kingdom Air Accidents Investigation Branch website; the AAIB states that it is not an official English translation.[14]

The final investigation report stated the following reasons for the crash:[14][21][22][23]

  • The immediate cause of the accident was the loss of spatial orientation by the crew and chiefly by the Captain who was piloting the aircraft during the landing phase. The plane banked left, overturned and went into a rapid descent. The loss of spatial orientation occurred in the night, while flying in the clouds, with autopilot and autothrottle switched off. Poor CRM and insufficient training for using the Western type of attitude indicators have contributed to the accident. The pilots had previously flown Tupolev Tu-134 and Antonov An-2 with a different type of attitude indicator (where the bank angle is shown by the movements of an aircraft symbol, and the indicator's background does not turn left or right).
  • Inadequate practices by Aeroflot-Nord in managing and operating the Boeing 737 aircraft.
  • The aircraft had been flown for a long time with a throttle problem. The pilots had a higher workload because they had to operate the throttle levers for the left and right engines independently.
  • Forensic examination found an unspecified amount of alcohol in the captain's tissue.[24] He also did not have adequate rest before the flight.

Lawsuit

On 1 October 2008, the mother of a 27-year-old female passenger who died in the accident sued Aeroflot and Moskva Insurance Company for 7.7 million rubles (approximately US$300,000) in punitive damages.[25]

Last minutes of the flight

Irek Birbov, the ATC controller on duty the night of the incident, gave an interview where he told about his communication with Flight 821. He said that on final approach the aircraft was too far right of the landing course, and the controller informed the pilot about that, who corrected the approach course.

But instead of descending to land, the plane then went up. ATC controller noticed this also and reportedly radioed the aircraft with this message: "According to my data, you are climbing. Confirm current altitude 900 m." The aircraft should have been at an altitude of 600 m at that time to descend further 300 m. The pilot replied "Affirmative, we are descending" and initiated a climb to about 1200 m, at which point he could no longer catch the glideslope. The controller instructed the pilot to turn right and go around. The pilot acknowledged but did not execute this instruction – instead, he turned left and asked to continue his approach. The controller asked whether everything was all right; the pilots confirmed that it was. The controller then insisted that the aircraft circle, instructing them to switch to another ATC controller. The pilots, however, never contacted the other ATC and started to descend quickly. When they were at about 600 m, the controller radioed the plane to maintain 600 m. The only thing he heard from pilots was "Aaa shit!" A moment later the controller saw the explosion in the outskirts of the city.[26]

Crew

According to early claims of Aeroflot-Nord representatives, the crew was described as very experienced and one of the best in the company. Captain Rodion Medvedev had a flight record of 3689 hours while First Officer Rustam Allaberdin had 8713. Later it was revealed that Medvedev's flight record as a captain was 452 hours and that Allaberdin's experience of Boeing 737's piloting was just 219 hours. For the most part of their careers Medvedev and Allaberdin were piloting Tu-134 and An-2 respectively. Gennady Kurzenkov, head of the State Aviation Inspection Service, stated that the flight crew submitted falsified documents to the airline showing that they had passed preflight courses.[27][28][29]

Casualties

Nationality[30] Casualties
 Russia 66
 Azerbaijan 8
 Ukraine 5
 Belarus 1[31]
 People's Republic of China 1[32]
 France 2
 Germany 1
 Italy 1
 Latvia 1
 United States 1
 Uzbekistan 1
Total 88

Notable death

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "VP-BKO Boeing 737 MSN 25792 - Planesregister.com". planesregister.com. 17 September 2008.
  2. ^ "A Boeing-737 belonging to Aeroflot-Nord crashed today at the airport of Perm" (Press release). Aeroflot. 14 September 2008. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2008. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)[dead link]
  3. ^ Final report, synopsis (page 8).
  4. ^ a b "Passenger plane crashes in Russia". BBC News. 14 September 2008. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ "88 человек погибли при крушении "Боинга-737" под Пермью" (in Russian). Lenta.Ru. 14 September 2008. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Самолет в Перми упал недалеко от жилых домов (in Russian). 14 September 2008. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "При падении Boeing 737 повреждена Транссибирская магистраль" (in Russian). Gazeta.ru. 14 September 2008. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "Crash: Aeroflot-Nord B735 at Perm on Sep 14th 2008, impacted ground while on approach to Perm". Aviation Herald. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
  9. ^ "Диспетчер: экипаж Boeing вел себя неадекватно – Газета.Ru: Хроника дня" (in Russian). Gazeta.ru. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "88 die in Russian jet crash". Toronto Star. Associated Press. 15 September 2008. p. 26.
  11. ^ "88 including 21 foreigners killed in airplane crash in Russia's Urals". Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "Plane crash kills all on board". ukpress. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ reuters.fr/news "Russian Aeroflot plane crashes, 88 people killed". 14 September 2008. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  14. ^ a b c "Foreign Reports." (Archive) Air Accidents Investigation Branch. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  15. ^ b737-25792 Airfleets.net.
  16. ^ "[Clarifying information]" (Press release) (in Russian). Aeroflot-Nord. 14 September 2008. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Pinewatch Limited" Template:Wayback
  18. ^ "NTSB assists government of Russia in aviation accident" (Press release). US National Transportation Safety Board. 14 September 2008. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ "AAIB PARTICIPATE IN RUSSIAN AVIATION ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION." (Archive) Air Accidents Investigation Branch. 16 September 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  20. ^ "Factual report, NTSB ID: DCA08RA097" (PDF). US National Transportation Safety Board.[dead link]
  21. ^ http://www.mak.ru/russian/investigations/2008/boeing-737-500.html
  22. ^ "Боинг-737-500 VP-BKO 14.09.2008." Interstate Aviation Committee. Retrieved 19 February 2009.
  23. ^ IAC – Final report B 737-505 VP-BKO (full text)
  24. ^ http://www.avia.ru/news/?id=1233561507
  25. ^ "[Former Moscow Youth Palace deputy director has her sentence reduced]" (in Russian). Kommersant. 2 October 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  26. ^ "Диспетчер о последних минутах перед авиакатастрофой в Перми" (Press release). RIA Novosti. 15 September 2008. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2008. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ Perm Crash Pilots Used Fake Papers Moscow Times 31 October 2008 (archived 21 November 2008).
  28. ^ "Все нормально в экипаже? – Первым заподозрил неладное диспетчер аэропорта Большое Савино" Novaya Gazeta (in Russian).
  29. ^ Aeroflot Nord pilots reported to have used false papers Aero News Net 3 November 2008.
  30. ^ Final report, section 1.1.
  31. ^ "МЧС России: На борту разбившегося в Перми самолета находилась гражданка Беларуси" (in Belarusian). tut.by. 16 September 2008. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. Retrieved 16 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ 在俄客机空难中遇难中国公民为26岁浙江籍女性 (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 15 September 2008. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "Russian plane crash kills 88, faulty engine blamed – Yahoo!! News". Yahoo! News. 14 September 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2008. [dead link]

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aeroflot Flight 821.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aeroflot_Flight_821&oldid=706599026"