APA style: Difference between revisions
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'''APA style''' is a format for academic documents such as [[scientific journal|journal articles]] and books. It is codified in the [[style guide]] of the [[American Psychological Association]] (APA), titled the '''''Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association'''''. The APA states that the guidelines were developed to assist reading comprehension in the social and behavioral sciences, for clarity of communication, and for "word choice that best reduces [[Bias-free communication|bias in language]]".<ref>{{cite book|publisher=[[American Psychological Association]]|title=The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association||location=Washington, DC|date=2011|edition=6th (spiral bound) ||isbn= 978-1-4338-0562-2}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apastyle.org/ |title=APA Style |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |location=Washington, DC |accessdate=October 27, 2011 }}</ref> |
'''APA style''' is a format for academic documents such as [[scientific journal|journal articles]] and books. It is codified in the [[style guide]] of the [[American Psychological Association]] (APA), titled the '''''Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association'''''. The APA states that the guidelines were developed to assist reading comprehension in the social and behavioral sciences, for clarity of communication, and for "word choice that best reduces [[Bias-free communication|bias in language]]".<ref>{{cite book|publisher=[[American Psychological Association]]|title=The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association||location=Washington, DC|date=2011|edition=6th (spiral bound) ||isbn= 978-1-4338-0562-2}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apastyle.org/ |title=APA Style |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |location=Washington, DC |accessdate=October 27, 2011 }}</ref> |
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APA style is widely used, either entirely or with modifications, by hundreds of other [[scientific journal]]s (including medical and other [[public health journal]]s), in many textbooks, and in academia (for papers written in classes). Along with [[AMA Manual of Style|AMA style]] and [[Council of Science Editors|CSE style]], it is one of the major style regimes for such work. |
APA style is widely used, either entirely or with modifications, by hundreds of other [[scientific journal]]s (including medical and other [[public health journal]]s), in many textbooks, and in academia (for papers written in classes). Along with [[AMA Manual of Style|AMA style]] and [[Council of Science Editors|CSE style]], it is one of the major style regimes for such work. |
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==Sixth edition of the ''Publication Manual''== |
==Sixth edition of the ''Publication Manual''== |
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[[Image:Apapubman.jpg|thumb|200px]] |
[[Image:Apapubman.jpg|thumb|200px]] |
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The sixth edition of the ''Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association'' was released in July 2009 after four years of development. The ''Publication Manual'' Revision Task Force of the American Psychological Association established parameters for the revision based on published criticism, user comments, commissioned reviews, and input from psychologists, nurses, librarians, business leaders, publishing professionals, and APA governance groups (APA, 2007a, 2007b).<ref>{{cite book |author= American Psychological Association |date= April 13–14, 2007 |title= Meeting of the Council of Editors |type= Agenda book |publisher= APA Archives |location= Washington, D.C.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= American Psychological Association |date= May 18–20, 2007 |title= Meeting of the Publications and Communications Board |type= Agenda book |publisher= APA Archives |location= Washington, D.C.}}</ref> To accomplish these revisions, the Task Force appointed working groups of four to nine members in seven areas: [[Bias-free communication|Bias-Free Language]], Ethics, Graphics, Journal Article Reporting Standards, References, Statistics, and Writing Style (APA, 2009, pp. |
The sixth edition of the ''Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association'' was released in July 2009 after four years of development. The ''Publication Manual'' Revision Task Force of the American Psychological Association established parameters for the revision based on published criticism, user comments, commissioned reviews, and input from psychologists, nurses, librarians, business leaders, publishing professionals, and APA governance groups (APA, 2007a, 2007b).<ref>{{cite book |author= American Psychological Association |date= April 13–14, 2007 |title= Meeting of the Council of Editors |type= Agenda book |publisher= APA Archives |location= Washington, D.C.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= American Psychological Association |date= May 18–20, 2007 |title= Meeting of the Publications and Communications Board |type= Agenda book |publisher= APA Archives |location= Washington, D.C.}}</ref> To accomplish these revisions, the Task Force appointed working groups of four to nine members in seven areas: [[Bias-free communication|Bias-Free Language]], [[Ethics]], [[Graphics]], Journal Article Reporting Standards, [[Reference|References]], [[Statistics]], and [[Writing style|Writing Style]] (APA, 2009, pp. XVII–XVIII). |
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The APA explained the issuing of a new edition only eight years after the fifth edition by pointing to the increased use of online source or online access to academic journals (6th edition, p. |
The APA explained the issuing of a new edition only eight years after the fifth edition by pointing to the increased use of online source or online access to academic journals (6th edition, p. XV). The sixth edition is accompanied by a [[web presence]]. |
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===Errors in the first printing=== |
===Errors in the first printing=== |
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Sample papers in the first printing of the sixth edition contained multiple errors. APA staff posted all of the corrections online in a single document on October 1, 2009, and shortly thereafter alerted users to the existence of the corrections in an APA blog entry.<ref name=Skutley>{{cite web |first= Mary Lynn |last= Skutley |url= http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/10/note-to-apa-style-community-sixth-edition-corrections.html |title= Note to APA Style Community: Sixth Edition Corrections |work= APA blog |date= October 8, 2009}}</ref> These errors attracted significant attention from the scholarly community and nearly two weeks later, on October 13, 2009, the article "Correcting a Style Guide" was published in the online newspaper ''[[Inside Higher Ed]]'' that included interviews with several individuals who described the errors as "egregious" (Epstein, 2009).<ref name=Epstein>{{cite journal |last=Epstein |first=Jennifer |date=October 13, 2009 |title=Correcting a Style Guide |journal=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |location=Washington, DC |publisher=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |editor1-first=Scott |editor1-last=Jaschik |editor1-link= |editor2-first=Doug |editor2-last=Lederman |accessdate=October 27, 2011 |url=http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/10/13/apa# }}</ref> |
Sample papers in the first printing of the sixth edition contained multiple errors. APA staff posted all of the corrections online in a single document on October 1, 2009, and shortly thereafter alerted users to the existence of the corrections in an APA blog entry.<ref name=Skutley>{{cite web |first= Mary Lynn |last= Skutley |url= http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/10/note-to-apa-style-community-sixth-edition-corrections.html |title= Note to APA Style Community: Sixth Edition Corrections |work= APA blog |date= October 8, 2009}}</ref> These errors attracted significant attention from the scholarly community and nearly two weeks later, on October 13, 2009, the article "Correcting a Style Guide" was published in the online newspaper ''[[Inside Higher Ed]]'' that included interviews with several individuals who described the errors as "[[egregious]]" (Epstein, 2009).<ref name=Epstein>{{cite journal |last=Epstein |first=Jennifer |date=October 13, 2009 |title=Correcting a Style Guide |journal=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |location=Washington, DC |publisher=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |editor1-first=Scott |editor1-last=Jaschik |editor1-link= |editor2-first=Doug |editor2-last=Lederman |accessdate=October 27, 2011 |url=http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/10/13/apa# }}</ref> |
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== Psychology APA Format == |
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Every science uses APA format as the fundamental one. [[Psychology]] is not an exception. Being a kind of science that investigates individuals' behavior, it requires a particular style of writing. Moreover, it has three main parts such as describing, understanding the concept from empirical investigation and explaining. Hence, [[writing]] in psychology has its principles. The most popular are using plain and clear language, evidence-based reasoning, and the usage of APA format. APA format psychology paper is the same as a standard APA paper. It should have a strict structure and the essential components. APA format Psychology is taught at universities at every grade. The reason is that every research should be aware of the APA format psychology research paper as well as APA psychology paper format in general. [http://custom-writing.org/wiki/psychology_apa_format] |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*{{cite web|url=http://www.apa.org/index.aspx|website=apa.org|title=American Psychological Association}} |
*{{cite web|url=http://www.apa.org/index.aspx|website=apa.org|title=American Psychological Association}} |
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*{{cite web|url=http://www.apastyle.org/|website=apastyle.org|title=APA Style}} |
*{{cite web|url=http://www.apastyle.org/|website=apastyle.org|title=APA Style}} |
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*[http://custom-writing.org/wiki/psychology_apa_format Psychology APA format] |
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*[http://owll.massey.ac.nz/referencing/apa-interactive.php Interactive APA] at [[Massey University]]'s OWLL site. |
*[http://owll.massey.ac.nz/referencing/apa-interactive.php Interactive APA] at [[Massey University]]'s OWLL site. |
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*[http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/ APA resources] at [[Purdue University]]'s Online Writing Lab |
*[http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/ APA resources] at [[Purdue University]]'s Online Writing Lab |
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Revision as of 14:16, 20 June 2016
APA style is a format for academic documents such as journal articles and books. It is codified in the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA), titled the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. The APA states that the guidelines were developed to assist reading comprehension in the social and behavioral sciences, for clarity of communication, and for "word choice that best reduces bias in language".[1][2]
APA style is widely used, either entirely or with modifications, by hundreds of other scientific journals (including medical and other public health journals), in many textbooks, and in academia (for papers written in classes). Along with AMA style and CSE style, it is one of the major style regimes for such work.
In response to the growing complexities of scientific reporting, subsequent editions were released in 1974, 1983, 1994, and 2001. Primarily known for the simplicity of its reference citation style, the Publication Manual also established standards for language use that had far-reaching effects. Particularly influential were the "Guidelines for Nonsexist Language in APA Journals," first published as a modification to the 1974 edition, which provided practical alternatives to sexist language then in common usage.[3][4] The guidelines for reducing bias in language have been updated over the years and presently provide practical guidance for writing about race, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation, and disability status (APA, 2009, pp. 70–77; see also APA, 2009b).[5]
Sixth edition of the Publication Manual
The sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association was released in July 2009 after four years of development. The Publication Manual Revision Task Force of the American Psychological Association established parameters for the revision based on published criticism, user comments, commissioned reviews, and input from psychologists, nurses, librarians, business leaders, publishing professionals, and APA governance groups (APA, 2007a, 2007b).[6][7] To accomplish these revisions, the Task Force appointed working groups of four to nine members in seven areas: Bias-Free Language, Ethics, Graphics, Journal Article Reporting Standards, References, Statistics, and Writing Style (APA, 2009, pp. XVII–XVIII).
The APA explained the issuing of a new edition only eight years after the fifth edition by pointing to the increased use of online source or online access to academic journals (6th edition, p. XV). The sixth edition is accompanied by a web presence.
Errors in the first printing
Sample papers in the first printing of the sixth edition contained multiple errors. APA staff posted all of the corrections online in a single document on October 1, 2009, and shortly thereafter alerted users to the existence of the corrections in an APA blog entry.[8] These errors attracted significant attention from the scholarly community and nearly two weeks later, on October 13, 2009, the article "Correcting a Style Guide" was published in the online newspaper Inside Higher Ed that included interviews with several individuals who described the errors as "egregious" (Epstein, 2009).[9]
Psychology APA Format
Every science uses APA format as the fundamental one. Psychology is not an exception. Being a kind of science that investigates individuals' behavior, it requires a particular style of writing. Moreover, it has three main parts such as describing, understanding the concept from empirical investigation and explaining. Hence, writing in psychology has its principles. The most popular are using plain and clear language, evidence-based reasoning, and the usage of APA format. APA format psychology paper is the same as a standard APA paper. It should have a strict structure and the essential components. APA format Psychology is taught at universities at every grade. The reason is that every research should be aware of the APA format psychology research paper as well as APA psychology paper format in general. [1]
See also
References
- ^ The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th (spiral bound) ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 2011. ISBN 978-1-4338-0562-2.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|1=and|2=(help) - ^ "APA Style". Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
- ^ APA Task Force on Issues of Sexual Bias in Graduate Education (June 1975). "Guidelines for nonsexist use of language". American Psychologist. 30 (6). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association: 682–684. doi:10.1037/h0076869. ISSN 0003-066X. OCLC 696450842. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
- ^ APA Publication Manual Task Force (June 1977). "Guidelines for nonsexist language in APA journals [Change Sheet 2]". American Psychologist. 30 (6). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association: 682–684. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.32.6.487. ISSN 0003-066X. OCLC 696450842. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
- ^ "Supplemental materials: Chapter 3: Writing Clearly and Concisely". Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
- ^ American Psychological Association (April 13–14, 2007). Meeting of the Council of Editors (Agenda book). Washington, D.C.: APA Archives.
- ^ American Psychological Association (May 18–20, 2007). Meeting of the Publications and Communications Board (Agenda book). Washington, D.C.: APA Archives.
- ^ Skutley, Mary Lynn (October 8, 2009). "Note to APA Style Community: Sixth Edition Corrections". APA blog.
- ^ Epstein, Jennifer (October 13, 2009). Jaschik, Scott; Lederman, Doug (eds.). "Correcting a Style Guide". Inside Higher Ed. Washington, DC: Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
Bibliography
- The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 2011. ISBN 978-1-4338-0562-2. (spiral bound)
- The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 2001. ISBN 978-1-55798-791-4.
External links
- "American Psychological Association". apa.org.
- "APA Style". apastyle.org.
- Psychology APA format
- Interactive APA at Massey University's OWLL site.
- APA resources at Purdue University's Online Writing Lab