Quarterback sack: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Patrick Kerney sacks Aaron Rodgers.jpg|thumb|279x279px|Green Bay quarterback [[Aaron Rodgers]] getting sacked by Seattle defensive end [[Patrick Kerney]].]] |
[[File:Patrick Kerney sacks Aaron Rodgers.jpg|thumb|279x279px|Green Bay quarterback [[Aaron Rodgers]] getting sacked by Seattle defensive end [[Patrick Kerney]].]] |
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In [[American football]] and [[Canadian football]], a '''sack''' occurs when the [[quarterback]] (or another offensive player acting as a passer) is [[tackle (football move)|tackled]] behind the [[line of scrimmage]] before he can throw a [[forward pass]], when the quarterback is tackled behind the line of scrimmage in the "[[passing pocket|pocket]]" and his intent is unclear, or when a passer runs out of bounds behind the line of scrimmage due to defensive pressure.<ref> |
In [[American football]] and [[Canadian football]], a '''sack''' occurs when the [[quarterback]] (or another offensive player acting as a passer) is [[tackle (football move)|tackled]] behind the [[line of scrimmage]] before he can throw a [[forward pass]], when the quarterback is tackled behind the line of scrimmage in the "[[passing pocket|pocket]]" and his intent is unclear, or when a passer runs out of bounds behind the line of scrimmage due to defensive pressure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/Stats_Manuals/Football/2011ez.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=November 21, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20120815200857/http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/Stats_Manuals/Football/2011ez.pdf |archivedate=August 15, 2012 }} 2011 Football Statisticians Manual, p. 17.</ref> This often occurs if the opposing team's [[defensive team|defensive line]], [[linebacker]]s or [[defensive backs]] are able to apply '''pass pressure''' to quickly get past [[blocking (American football)|blocking]] players of the [[offensive team]] (the quarterback's protection), or if the quarterback is unable to find a back to hand the ball off to or an available eligible receiver (including [[wide receiver]]s, [[running back]]s and [[tight end]]s) to catch the ball, allowing the defense a longer opportunity to tackle the quarterback. A quarterback that is pressured but avoids a sack can still be adversely affected by being forced to '''hurry'''. |
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In the [[National Football League]] (NFL), it is possible to record a sack for zero yards. The QB must pass the statistical line of scrimmage to avoid the sack. A sack is also credited when a defender causes the quarterback to [[fumble]] the ball at or behind the line of scrimmage; this is also known as a '''strip sack'''. If a passer is sacked in his own end zone, the result is a [[Safety (gridiron football score)|safety]] and the defending team is awarded two points. |
In the [[National Football League]] (NFL), it is possible to record a sack for zero yards. The QB must pass the statistical line of scrimmage to avoid the sack. A sack is also credited when a defender causes the quarterback to [[fumble]] the ball at or behind the line of scrimmage; this is also known as a '''strip sack'''. If a passer is sacked in his own end zone, the result is a [[Safety (gridiron football score)|safety]] and the defending team is awarded two points. |
Revision as of 17:50, 20 July 2016
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Patrick_Kerney_sacks_Aaron_Rodgers.jpg/216px-Patrick_Kerney_sacks_Aaron_Rodgers.jpg)
In American football and Canadian football, a sack occurs when the quarterback (or another offensive player acting as a passer) is tackled behind the line of scrimmage before he can throw a forward pass, when the quarterback is tackled behind the line of scrimmage in the "pocket" and his intent is unclear, or when a passer runs out of bounds behind the line of scrimmage due to defensive pressure.[1] This often occurs if the opposing team's defensive line, linebackers or defensive backs are able to apply pass pressure to quickly get past blocking players of the offensive team (the quarterback's protection), or if the quarterback is unable to find a back to hand the ball off to or an available eligible receiver (including wide receivers, running backs and tight ends) to catch the ball, allowing the defense a longer opportunity to tackle the quarterback. A quarterback that is pressured but avoids a sack can still be adversely affected by being forced to hurry.
In the National Football League (NFL), it is possible to record a sack for zero yards. The QB must pass the statistical line of scrimmage to avoid the sack. A sack is also credited when a defender causes the quarterback to fumble the ball at or behind the line of scrimmage; this is also known as a strip sack. If a passer is sacked in his own end zone, the result is a safety and the defending team is awarded two points.
Rules
To be considered a sack the quarterback must intend to throw a forward pass. If the play is designed for the quarterback to rush (run) the ball, any loss is subtracted from the quarterback's rushing total (and the play is ruled a Tackle-for-loss as opposed to a sack). If the quarterback's intent is not obvious, statisticians use certain criteria, such as the offensive line blocking scheme, to decide. Unique situations where a loss reduces a quarterback's rushing total (not a sack) are "kneel downs" (used to run time off the game clock).
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Everson_Griffen_Aaron_Rodgers_sack.jpg/220px-Everson_Griffen_Aaron_Rodgers_sack.jpg)
A player will receive credit for half of a sack when multiple players contribute to the sacking of a quarterback, even if more than two players contributed.
In the NFL yards lost on the play are added as negative yardage to the team's passing totals; however, the quarterback's individual passing total stats remains unchanged.[2] NCAA continues to subtract sack yardage from individual rushing totals.
History
The term "sack" was first popularized by Hall of Fame defensive end Deacon Jones in the 1960s, who felt that a sack devastated the offense in the same way that a city was devastated when it was sacked.[3]
According to former NFL coach Marv Levy, it was Washington Redskins coach George Allen who actually coined the term when referring to Dallas Cowboys quarterback Craig Morton.[4] Allen purportedly stated before a game, "Before we play those Dallas Cowboys, we’re going to take that Morton salt and pour him into a sack."
Prior to "sack", the term "dump" was often used, and the NFL's statistical office recorded all sacks under "dumping the passer".[5]
The NFL only began to keep track of times passers lost yardage in 1961[6] and no credit was given to the defensive player responsible until 1982.[7] Researcher John Turney of the Pro Football Researchers Association estimated that Jones recorded 173+1⁄2 sacks in his career.[8]
Pass pressure
Of all forms of defensive pressure against the opposition's passer, sacks provide the most immediate impact by ending the offensive play.[9] However, quarterbacks sometimes avoid a sack by throwing an incomplete pass or risking an interception.[10] According to Football Outsiders, a quarterback hurry is the most common form of pass pressure. In the 2009 NFL season, there were 1,106 sacks and 3,268 hurries, and a hurried quarterback generally averaged fewer yards per pass play compared to the average pass play.[9]
Records
- NFL Single Season Sacks: 22.5 Michael Strahan, 2001*
- NFL Career Sacks: 200 Bruce Smith, 1985–2003
- NFL Game Sacks: 7 Derrick Thomas, Nov. 11, 1990
- NFL Sacks Rookie Season: 14.5 Jevon Kearse, 1999**
- NFL Seasons with 20 or more sacks: 2 J. J. Watt, 2012 & 2014[11]
- NFL Most Consecutive Games committing a sack: 69 Tampa Bay, 1999–2003
- NFL Career Sacks Taken: 525 Brett Favre, 1991–2010[12]
- NFL Single Season Sacks Taken: 76 David Carr, 2002[13]
- NFL Game Sacks Taken: 12 Warren Moon, Sep. 29, 1985 and Donovan McNabb, Sep. 30, 2007[14]
- NFL Super Bowl Most sacks, single game, 3***
- NFL Super Bowl Most sacks, career, 4.5 (sacks compiled since XVII)
- Charles Haley – 5 games San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, Dallas XXVII, XXVIII, XXX
- Official in NFL since 1982
*Deacon Jones had 26 sacks in 14 games in the 1967 season, and 24 sacks in 14 games in the 1968 season. However, as sacks were not officially recorded by the NFL at that point, Michael Strahan is attributed the single season record.
**Al "Bubba" Baker had 23 sacks in his rookie 1978 season. However, as sacks were not officially recorded by the NFL at that point, Jevon Kearse is attributed the single season rookie record.
***L.C. Greenwood had 4 sacks in Super Bowl X.[15] However, as sacks were not officially recorded by the NFL at that point, Reggie White, Darnell Dockett, and Kony Ealy are attributed the Super Bowl record "Most sacks, single game" (3).
100 Sack Club
Since 1982, when the NFL first began keeping track of sacks, only 31 players have managed to reach the 100 sack milestone.
Bold denotes an active player | Elected into the Pro Football Hall of Fame |
Active players with 80 sacks or more (As of 2015.)
- Elvis Dumervil - 96
- Mario Williams - 96
- Trent Cole - 88.5
- Tamba Hali - 86
See also
Notes
References
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 15, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) 2011 Football Statisticians Manual, p. 17. - ^ http://www.nflgsis.com/gsis/documentation/stadiumguides/guide_for_statisticians.pdf
- ^ "Jones, NFL coiner of 'sack the quarterback,' dies at 74". CNN. June 4, 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- ^ http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/06/16/levy-explains-how-deacon-jones-came-up-with-sack/
- ^ "Sack or Dump: To Quarterback It's All Downhill". The Milwaukee Journal. November 7, 1975. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- ^ NFL Records
- ^ a b NFL Records
- ^ a b Branch, John (November 4, 2006). "Unofficially, Sack Record Doesn't Add Up". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 3, 2015.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b Schatz, Aaron (June 1, 2010). "Examining the art of the hurry". ESPN.com. Retrieved February 2, 2014.(subscription required)
- ^ Long, Howie; Czarnecki, John (2011). "Football For Dummies". John Wiley & Sons. p. 166. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
- ^ Edholm, Eric (December 28, 2015). "J.J. Watt becomes only two-time 20-sack player, does so on safety". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
- ^ NFL Career Sacked Leaders - Pro-Football-Reference.com
- ^ NFL Single-Season Sacked Leaders - Pro-Football-Reference.com
- ^ NFL Single Game Sacked Leaders - Pro-Football-Reference.com
- ^ "Super Bowl X play-by-play". USA TODAY. January 11, 2002. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
- ^ Rank is as of Week 17 of the 2014 season.
- ^ Total is through Week 17 of the 2014 season.
- ^ "Bruce Smith stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Reggie White stats". pro-football-reference. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ a b c "Hall Of Fame Finalists". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Kevin Greene stats". pro-football-reference. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Chris Doleman stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Michael Strahan stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Jason Taylor stats". pro-football-reference. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "John Randle stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Richard Dent stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Jared Allen stats". nfl.com. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ^ "Julius Peppers stats". nfl.com. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ^ "DeMarcus Ware stats". nfl.com. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ^ "John Abraham stats". nfl.com. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ^ "Lawrence Taylor stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Leslie O'Neal stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Rickey Jackson stats". pro-football-reference. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Derrick Thomas stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Simeon Rice stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Clyde Simmons stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Robert Mathis stats". nfl.com. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ^ "Sean Jones stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Dwight Freeney stats". nfl.com. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ^ "Greg Townsend stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ "Pat Swilling stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Terrell Suggs stats". nfl.com. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ^ "Trace Armstrong stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ "Neil Smith stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ "Kevin Carter stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ "Jim Jeffcoat stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ "Charles Haley stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ "William Fuller stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ "Andre Tippett stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
External links
- Sack Story, an article describing the controversy over the sack record
- Pro-football-reference.com enumeration of career sack leaders