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Many species of ''Dalbergia'' are important [[timber]] trees, valued for their decorative and often fragrant [[wood]], rich in aromatic oils. The most famous of these are the [[rosewood]]s, so-named because of the smell of the timber when cut, but several other valuable woods are yielded by the genus.
Many species of ''Dalbergia'' are important [[timber]] trees, valued for their decorative and often fragrant [[wood]], rich in aromatic oils. The most famous of these are the [[rosewood]]s, so-named because of the smell of the timber when cut, but several other valuable woods are yielded by the genus.


The pre-eminent rosewood appreciated in the western world is ''D. nigra'' known as Rio, Bahia, Brazilian Rosewood, Palisander de Rio Grande, or Jacarandá; heavily exploited in the past, it is now listed on [[CITES]] Appendix I.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml |title=Appendices I, II and III |publisher=Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna |date=2010-10-14 |accessdate=2010-11-26}}</ref> The second most desired rosewood in the western world is ''D. latifolia'' known as (East) Indian Rosewood or Sonokeling. Most rosewoods are a rich brown with a good figure. Note that only a small number of ''Dalbergia'' species yield rosewood. Several East Asian species are important materials in traditional [[Chinese furniture]].
The pre-eminent rosewood appreciated in the western world is ''D. nigra'' known as Rio, Bahia, Brazilian Rosewood, Palisander de Rio Grande, or Jacarandá; heavily exploited in the past, it is now listed on [[CITES]] Appendix I.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml |title=Appendices I, II and III |publisher=Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna |date=2010-10-14 |accessdate=2010-11-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116124133/http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml |archivedate=2008-11-16 |df= }}</ref> The second most desired rosewood in the western world is ''D. latifolia'' known as (East) Indian Rosewood or Sonokeling. Most rosewoods are a rich brown with a good figure. Note that only a small number of ''Dalbergia'' species yield rosewood. Several East Asian species are important materials in traditional [[Chinese furniture]].


The (Brazilian) [[Tulipwood]] (''D. decipularis'') is cream coloured with red or salmon stripes. It is most often used in crossbanding and other veneers; it should not be confused with the "tulipwood" of the American Tulip Tree ''[[Liriodendron tulipifera]]'', used in inexpensive cabinetwork.
The (Brazilian) [[Tulipwood]] (''D. decipularis'') is cream coloured with red or salmon stripes. It is most often used in crossbanding and other veneers; it should not be confused with the "tulipwood" of the American Tulip Tree ''[[Liriodendron tulipifera]]'', used in inexpensive cabinetwork.

Revision as of 08:06, 5 December 2016

Dalbergia
Sissoo or Indian Rosewood (Dalbergia sissoo)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae
Subfamily:
Faboideae
Tribe:
Dalbergieae[1][2][3]
Genus:
Dalbergia

Species

275; see text.

Synonyms[4]
  • Amerimnon P.Browne
  • Coroya Pierre
  • Ecastaphyllum P.Browne
  • Miscolobium Vogel
  • Triptolemea Mart.
Spines of D. armata
Trunk of D. lanceolaria
Flowers of D. lanceolaria
Pods of D. lanceolaria
Chess pieces in D. latifolia rosewood
Flowers of D. miscolobium
Wood from a Dalbergia sp. - MHNT

Dalbergia is a large genus of small to medium-size trees, shrubs and lianas in the pea family, Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. It was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Dalbergia clade of the Dalbergieae.[1][2][3] The genus has a wide distribution, native to the tropical regions of Central and South America, Africa, Madagascar and southern Asia.

Fossil record

A fossil Dalbergia phleboptera pod has been recovered from the stage Chattian of the Oligocene epoch in the municipality of Aix-en-Provence in France.[5] Fossils of Dalbergia nostratum have been recovered from rhyodacite tuff of Lower Miocene age in Southern Slovakia near the town of Lučenec.[6]

Uses

Many species of Dalbergia are important timber trees, valued for their decorative and often fragrant wood, rich in aromatic oils. The most famous of these are the rosewoods, so-named because of the smell of the timber when cut, but several other valuable woods are yielded by the genus.

The pre-eminent rosewood appreciated in the western world is D. nigra known as Rio, Bahia, Brazilian Rosewood, Palisander de Rio Grande, or Jacarandá; heavily exploited in the past, it is now listed on CITES Appendix I.[7] The second most desired rosewood in the western world is D. latifolia known as (East) Indian Rosewood or Sonokeling. Most rosewoods are a rich brown with a good figure. Note that only a small number of Dalbergia species yield rosewood. Several East Asian species are important materials in traditional Chinese furniture.

The (Brazilian) Tulipwood (D. decipularis) is cream coloured with red or salmon stripes. It is most often used in crossbanding and other veneers; it should not be confused with the "tulipwood" of the American Tulip Tree Liriodendron tulipifera, used in inexpensive cabinetwork.

The similarly used (but purple with darker stripes), and also Brazilian, Kingwood is yielded by D. cearensis. Both are smallish trees, to 10 m. Another notable timber is Cocobolo, mainly from D. retusa, a Central American timber with spectacular decorative orange red figure on freshly cut surfaces which quickly fades in air to more subdued tones and hues.

Dalbergia sissoo (Indian rosewood) is primarily used for furniture in northern India. Its export is highly regulated due to recent high rates of death due to unknown causes.[clarification needed][citation needed] Dalbergia sissoo, which has historically been the primary rosewood species of northern India.This wood is strong and tough. It is extreme durable and handsome and it maintains its shape well. It can be easily seasoned. It is difficult to work but it takes a fine polish. It is used for high quality furniture, plywoods, bridge piles, sport goods, railway sleepers and so forth. It is a very good material for decorative works and carvings. Its density is 770 kg/m³ and with color golden to dark brown.

African blackwood (D. melanoxylon) is an intensely black wood in demand for making woodwind musical instruments.

Dalbergia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Bucculatrix mendax which feeds exclusively on Dalbergia sissoo.

The Dalbergia species are notorious for causing allergic reactions due the presence of sensitizing quinones in the wood.

Species

Dalbergia comprises the following species:[8][9]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dalbergia.
Wikispecies has information related to Dalbergia.
  1. ^ a b Lavin M; Pennington RT; Klitgaard BB; Sprent JI; de Lima HC; Gasson PE. (2001). "The dalbergioid legumes (Fabaceae): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade". Am J Bot. 88 (3): 503–33. doi:10.2307/2657116. PMID 11250829.
  2. ^ a b Vatanparast M; Klitgård BB; FACB Adema; Pennington RT; Yahara T; Kajita T (2013). "First molecular phylogeny of the pantropical genus Dalbergia: implications for infrageneric circumscription and biogeography". S Afr J Bot. 89: 143–149. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.07.001.
  3. ^ a b Cardoso D; Pennington RT; de Queiroz LP; Boatwright JS; Van Wyk B-E; Wojciechowskie MF; Lavin M. (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". S Afr J Bot. 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.
  4. ^ a b "Genus: Dalbergia L. f." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
  5. ^ https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/f/item/14084.?lang=en_US
  6. ^ Miočenna flóra z lokalit Kalonda a Mučin, Jana Kučerová, ACTA GEOLOGICA SLOVACA, ročnic 1, 1, 2009, str. 65-70.
  7. ^ "Appendices I, II and III". Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna. 2010-10-14. Archived from the original on 2008-11-16. Retrieved 2010-11-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Dalbergia". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  9. ^ USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Dalbergia". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 6 February 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Dalbergia altissima Pittier is accepted on a provisional basis, but will have to be renamed because Dalbergia altissima Baker f. has priority.
  11. ^ Some sources consider Dalbergia assamica to be a synonym of Dalbergia lanceolaria.
  12. ^ Some sources consider Dalbergia cubilquitzensis to be a synonym of Dalbergia tucurensis.
  13. ^ Some sources consider Dalbergia funera to be a synonym of Dalbergia calderonii.
  14. ^ Some sources consider Dalbergia mimosoides to be a synonym of Dalbergia mimosoides.
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