First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan: Difference between revisions
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==History== |
==History== |
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Shortly after the [[Soviet Union]] was formed in 1922 a position of [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|First Secretary of the Communist Party]] was created in each [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Soviet Republic]]. The [[Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] was created in 1924 as a subunit of the [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic]] and the first '''Acting Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan''' was appointed that year. In 1929 Tajikistan received full republic status separate from Uzbekistan and in 1930 the position of ''First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan'' was created. The position changed hands numerous times during the 1920s and 1930s due to [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]]'s fear of keeping leaders in power for long periods of time. A number of the former leaders of the Communist Party of Tajikistan perished in the [[Great Purge]] of the 1930s. The leaders of Tajikistan were usually [[Tājik people|ethnic Tajiks]] with the exceptions of [[Mirzo Dovud Guseinov]], [[Dmitri Zakharovich Protopopov|Dmitri Protopopov]] and [[Grigory Broydo]]: the first one was an [[Azerbaijani people|ethnic Azerbaijani]] while the last two were [[Russians|ethnic Russians]] who were appointed during the height of Stalin’s paranoia. While the symbolic value of a Tajik First Secretary was apparent{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}, the leadership of Tajikistan was wholly subservient to [[Moscow]] and the second in power of the Communist Party of Tajikistan was always an ethnic Russian. After World War II every appointed First Secretary was a Tajik from the region of Leninabad, now named [[Sughd Province|Sughd]]. This was a reflection of the fact that the leadership of [[Uzbekistan]] highly influenced the appointment of leaders in Tajikistan and chose leaders from Leninabad because of its historic ties to Uzbekistan's urban centers in the [[Fergana Valley]]. There have even been accusations that some of the Leninabadi leaders of Tajikistan were actually Uzbek because their dialect of Tajik had a number of loan words from [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]].<ref name=Khudonazar |
Shortly after the [[Soviet Union]] was formed in 1922 a position of [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|First Secretary of the Communist Party]] was created in each [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Soviet Republic]]. The [[Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] was created in 1924 as a subunit of the [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic]] and the first '''Acting Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan''' was appointed that year. In 1929 Tajikistan received full republic status separate from Uzbekistan and in 1930 the position of ''First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan'' was created. The position changed hands numerous times during the 1920s and 1930s due to [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]]'s fear of keeping leaders in power for long periods of time. A number of the former leaders of the Communist Party of Tajikistan perished in the [[Great Purge]] of the 1930s. The leaders of Tajikistan were usually [[Tājik people|ethnic Tajiks]] with the exceptions of [[Mirzo Dovud Guseinov]], [[Dmitri Zakharovich Protopopov|Dmitri Protopopov]] and [[Grigory Broydo]]: the first one was an [[Azerbaijani people|ethnic Azerbaijani]] while the last two were [[Russians|ethnic Russians]] who were appointed during the height of Stalin’s paranoia. While the symbolic value of a Tajik First Secretary was apparent{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}, the leadership of Tajikistan was wholly subservient to [[Moscow]] and the second in power of the Communist Party of Tajikistan was always an ethnic Russian. After World War II every appointed First Secretary was a Tajik from the region of Leninabad, now named [[Sughd Province|Sughd]]. This was a reflection of the fact that the leadership of [[Uzbekistan]] highly influenced the appointment of leaders in Tajikistan and chose leaders from Leninabad because of its historic ties to Uzbekistan's urban centers in the [[Fergana Valley]]. There have even been accusations that some of the Leninabadi leaders of Tajikistan were actually Uzbek because their dialect of Tajik had a number of loan words from [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]].<ref name=Khudonazar>{{cite web |
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|author=Anaita Khudonazar |publisher=[[University of California, Berkeley]] |year=2004 |
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|url=http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~bsp/publications/2004_05-khud.pdf |
|url=http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~bsp/publications/2004_05-khud.pdf |
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|title=The Other |
|title=The Other |
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|accessdate=2006-08-11 |
|accessdate=2006-08-11 |
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|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060625212829/http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~bsp/publications/2004_05-khud.pdf |
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The longest serving First Secretary was [[Jabor Rasulov]], who came to power in 1961 and died in office in 1982. Rasulov’s successor was [[Rahmon Nabiyev]], who was ousted in a [[Political corruption|corruption]] [[scandal]] in 1985. The position First Secretary was downgraded in November 1991 when then First Secretary [[Qahhor Mahkamov]] was appointed to the newly created executive position of [[List of Presidents of Tajikistan|President of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic]]. Mahkamov was the last First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan to also serve as [[head of state]] of Tajikistan when he resigned his office on August 31, 1991 following his support of the [[August Coup]] in [[Moscow]]. One of the most celebrated First Secretaries was [[Bobojon Ghafurov]], a renowned scholar who wrote numerous works on the [[history of Tajikistan]]. |
The longest serving First Secretary was [[Jabor Rasulov]], who came to power in 1961 and died in office in 1982. Rasulov’s successor was [[Rahmon Nabiyev]], who was ousted in a [[Political corruption|corruption]] [[scandal]] in 1985. The position First Secretary was downgraded in November 1991 when then First Secretary [[Qahhor Mahkamov]] was appointed to the newly created executive position of [[List of Presidents of Tajikistan|President of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic]]. Mahkamov was the last First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan to also serve as [[head of state]] of Tajikistan when he resigned his office on August 31, 1991 following his support of the [[August Coup]] in [[Moscow]]. One of the most celebrated First Secretaries was [[Bobojon Ghafurov]], a renowned scholar who wrote numerous works on the [[history of Tajikistan]]. |
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* [[Rahmon Nabiyev]] (1982–1985); First secretary. [[President of Tajikistan]] (1991–1992). |
* [[Rahmon Nabiyev]] (1982–1985); First secretary. [[President of Tajikistan]] (1991–1992). |
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* [[Qahhor Mahkamov]] (1985–August 31, 1991); First secretary. [[List of Presidents of Tajikistan|President of Tajik SSR]] (November 1990 – August 31, 1991).<ref name=unep>{{cite web |
* [[Qahhor Mahkamov]] (1985–August 31, 1991); First secretary. [[List of Presidents of Tajikistan|President of Tajik SSR]] (November 1990 – August 31, 1991).<ref name=unep>{{cite web |
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|author=Neimatullo Safarov, Victor Novikov |publisher=[[UNEP/GRID]] |year=2000 |
|author=Neimatullo Safarov, Victor Novikov |
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|publisher=[[UNEP/GRID]] |
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|year=2000 |
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|url=http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/tadjik/soe2/eng/htm/presid.htm |
|url=http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/tadjik/soe2/eng/htm/presid.htm |
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|title=Leaders of Tajikistan in XX-th century (1924–2000) |
|title=Leaders of Tajikistan in XX-th century (1924–2000) |
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|accessdate=2006-08-11 |
|accessdate=2006-08-11 |
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|deadurl=yes |
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|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822001055/http://enrin.grida.no:80/htmls/tadjik/soe2/eng/htm/presid.htm |
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Revision as of 05:13, 1 January 2017
The First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan was the head of the Communist Party of Tajikistan and the highest Executive power in the republic of Tajikistan from 1924 until November 1990.
History
Shortly after the Soviet Union was formed in 1922 a position of First Secretary of the Communist Party was created in each Soviet Republic. The Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created in 1924 as a subunit of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic and the first Acting Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan was appointed that year. In 1929 Tajikistan received full republic status separate from Uzbekistan and in 1930 the position of First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan was created. The position changed hands numerous times during the 1920s and 1930s due to Stalin's fear of keeping leaders in power for long periods of time. A number of the former leaders of the Communist Party of Tajikistan perished in the Great Purge of the 1930s. The leaders of Tajikistan were usually ethnic Tajiks with the exceptions of Mirzo Dovud Guseinov, Dmitri Protopopov and Grigory Broydo: the first one was an ethnic Azerbaijani while the last two were ethnic Russians who were appointed during the height of Stalin’s paranoia. While the symbolic value of a Tajik First Secretary was apparent[citation needed], the leadership of Tajikistan was wholly subservient to Moscow and the second in power of the Communist Party of Tajikistan was always an ethnic Russian. After World War II every appointed First Secretary was a Tajik from the region of Leninabad, now named Sughd. This was a reflection of the fact that the leadership of Uzbekistan highly influenced the appointment of leaders in Tajikistan and chose leaders from Leninabad because of its historic ties to Uzbekistan's urban centers in the Fergana Valley. There have even been accusations that some of the Leninabadi leaders of Tajikistan were actually Uzbek because their dialect of Tajik had a number of loan words from Uzbek.[1] The Leninabai monopoly on power was a key factor in igniting the civil unrest that followed Tajikistan's independence in 1991 and led to the Tajikistan Civil War.
The longest serving First Secretary was Jabor Rasulov, who came to power in 1961 and died in office in 1982. Rasulov’s successor was Rahmon Nabiyev, who was ousted in a corruption scandal in 1985. The position First Secretary was downgraded in November 1991 when then First Secretary Qahhor Mahkamov was appointed to the newly created executive position of President of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic. Mahkamov was the last First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan to also serve as head of state of Tajikistan when he resigned his office on August 31, 1991 following his support of the August Coup in Moscow. One of the most celebrated First Secretaries was Bobojon Ghafurov, a renowned scholar who wrote numerous works on the history of Tajikistan.
List of Secretaries
- Chinor Emomov (1924–1927); Acting secretary.
- Mumin Khojaev (1927–1928); Acting secretary.
- Ali Shervoni (1928–1929); Acting secretary.
- Shirinsho Shotemur (1929–1930); Acting secretary.
- Mirzo Dovud Guseinov (1930–1933); First secretary.
- Grigory Broydo (1933–1934); First secretary.
- Suren Shadunts (1934–1936); First secretary.
- Urunboi Ushturov (1936–1937); First secretary.
- Dmitri Protopopov (1937–1946); First secretary.
- Bobojon Ghafurov (1946–1956); First secretary.
- Tursun Uljabaev (1956–1961); First secretary.
- Jabbor Rasulov (1961–1982); First secretary.
- Rahmon Nabiyev (1982–1985); First secretary. President of Tajikistan (1991–1992).
- Qahhor Mahkamov (1985–August 31, 1991); First secretary. President of Tajik SSR (November 1990 – August 31, 1991).[2]
Historic leaders of Tajikistan
See List of Presidents of Tajikistan for leadership of Tajikistan from 1991–present.
References
- ^ Anaita Khudonazar (2004). "The Other" (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-06-25. Retrieved 2006-08-11.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Neimatullo Safarov, Victor Novikov (2000). "Leaders of Tajikistan in XX-th century (1924–2000)". UNEP/GRID. Archived from the original on 2006-08-22. Retrieved 2006-08-11.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)