Siege of Kamenets: Difference between revisions
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| commander1 = {{Flagicon image|Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg}} [[Jerzy Wołodyjowski]]<br> {{Flagicon image|Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg}} [[Mikołaj Potocki (general)|Mikołaj Potocki]]<br>{{Flagicon image|Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg}} [[Wespazjan Lanckoroński]] |
| commander1 = {{Flagicon image|Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg}} [[Jerzy Wołodyjowski]]<br> {{Flagicon image|Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg}} [[Mikołaj Potocki (general)|Mikołaj Potocki]]<br>{{Flagicon image|Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg}} [[Wespazjan Lanckoroński]] |
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| commander2 = {{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire}} [[Mehmed IV]] "Head"<br>{{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire}} [[Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha]] "Commander"<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the crimeans.svg}} [[Selim I Giray]]<br>{{flagdeco|Cossack Hetmanate}} [[Petro Doroshenko]]<br> {{flagdeco|Moldavia}} [[George Ducas]]<br>{{flagdeco|Wallachia}} [[Grigore I Ghica]] |
| commander2 = {{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire}} [[Mehmed IV]] "Head"<br>{{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire}} [[Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha]] "Commander"<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the crimeans.svg}} [[Selim I Giray]]<br>{{flagdeco|Cossack Hetmanate}} [[Petro Doroshenko]]<br> {{flagdeco|Moldavia}} [[George Ducas]]<br>{{flagdeco|Wallachia}} [[Grigore I Ghica]] |
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| strength1 = 1,500 troops{{sfn|Davies|2007| p=156}} |
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| strength2 = 50,000 to 80,000{{sfn|Davies|2007| p=156}} |
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Revision as of 21:51, 22 April 2017
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2013) |
Siege of Kamenets | |||||||
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Part of the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76) | |||||||
![]() Kamianets-Podilskyi Fortress | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
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1,500 troops[1] | 50,000 to 80,000[1] |
The Siege of Kamieniec Podolski (Polish: Oblężenie Kamieńca Podolskiego; Turkish: Kamaniçe kuşatması[2]) was laid by the Ottoman Empire on August 18, 1672, in the Polish fortress of Kamieniec Podolski (now: Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine). It lasted until August 27, when Polish forces defending the city capitulated. During the siege, legendary Polish hero, stolnik przemyski pułkownik Jerzy Wołodyjowski led many successful sallies with light cavalry.
Kamieniec Podolski, known as the "key to Podolia", had heavy, but obsolete fortifications, and a garrison of about 1500 soldiers (Poles, Ukrainians and Lithuanians). The Ottoman army was under command of Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha[2] and numbered 150 thousand soldiers with reinforcements from the army of Tatars, Moldavians, Wallachians and Cossacks. Polish forces were commanded by Starosta of Podole, Mikolaj Potocki, and consisted of several units, such as infantry regiment of Bishop of Krakow Andrzej Trzebicki, two regiments of Captains Wasowicz and Bukar, permanent garrison of Major Kwasiborski, and other smaller units under Jan Mokrzycki, Jerzy Wolodyjowski, Rotmeister Myliszewski, Chorazy Wojciech Humecki, Stolnik Stanislaw Makowiecki, and Czesnik Jozef Wasilkowski. Polish forces of some 1,500 were inadequate to successfully defend such a large fortress.
First Crimean Tatar units appeared near Kamieniec Podolski on August 12, and two days later, main Ottoman army camped by the town. After building seven large sconces, Turkish artillery began a barrage with its 120 modern cannons. It paralyzed Polish defence, and on August 20, the Turks managed to score a direct hit in one of the towers of the Old Castle, which served as an ammunition depot. The tower blew up in a large explosion, which was followed by a Turkish attack on Kamieniec. Poles managed to defend the fortress, but with very heavy losses. After the attack, Mikolaj Potocki decided to abandon the New Castle, under which Turkish miners dug deep tunnels, placing explosives in them. The Old Castle with its medieval walls was not prepared for a modern siege, and Potocki’s decision placed the defenders in a very difficult position. On August 25 the Turks dug a tunnel under one of the towers, and managed to destroy it. Another attack followed, again repelled by the Poles.
On August 26, 1672, Potocki decided to capitulate and on August 30, Polish forces left Kamieniec. The Pasha entered the city three days later. Turkish occupiers remained in Kamieniec for 27 years, until 1699. In 1692, to stop a possible Turkish attack, Hetman Stanislaw Jan Jablonowski built the stronghold of Okopy Swietej Trojcy some 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Kamieniec.
On October 17, 1672, Poland signed the Treaty of Buczacz, wherein Poland and Lithuania agreed to pay a yearly tribute of 22,000 ducats to the Turks. Kamieniec returned to Poland in 1699, following the Treaty of Karlowitz.
References
Bibliography
- Davies, Brian L (2007). Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500-1700. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415239851.
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- Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire
- Sieges involving Poland
- Battles involving Moldavia
- 17th century in the Ottoman Empire
- 1672 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Conflicts in 1672
- History of Khmelnytskyi Oblast
- 17th century in Ukraine
- Military history of Ukraine
- Battles of the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76)
- September 1672 events