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There are 25 currencies currently in official use in [[List of countries in North America|North America]]. All ''[[de jure]]'' present currencies in North America are listed here, including currencies from countries which are not sovereign states or dependencies.
There are 25 currencies currently in official use in [[List of countries in North America|North America]]. All ''[[de jure]]'' present currencies in North America are listed here, including currencies from countries which are not sovereign states or dependencies.


A commonly used [[North American]] currency is the [[United States dollar]].<ref name="Currencies Direct"/> It is the world's largest [[reserve currency]],<ref name="Forbes USD reserve">{{cite web | url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/billconerly/2013/10/25/future-of-the-dollar-as-world-reserve-currency/ | title=Future Of The Dollar As World Reserve Currency | work=Forbes | date=25 October 2013 | accessdate=26 July 2014 | author=Conerly, Bill}}</ref> the resulting economic value of which benefits the U.S. at over $100 billion annually.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/what-a-us-default-would-mean-for-america-and-the-world-by-kenneth-rogoff |title=America's Endless Budget Battle |first=Kenneth |last=Rogoff |publisher=Project Syndicate |date=October 2013}}</ref> However, its position as a reserve currency damages American exporters because this increases the value of the United States dollar.<ref name="America's 'Exorbitant' Privilege Will Continue">{{cite web|title=America's 'Exorbitant' Privilege Will Continue|url=http://www.financialsense.com/contributors/richard-mills/americas-exorbitant-privilege-will-continue|accessdate=3 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="The rise and fall of the dollar Go with the flows">{{cite news|title=The rise and fall of the dollar Go with the flows|url=http://www.economist.com/node/17956749|publisher=The Economist|accessdate=3 September 2013|date=22 January 2011}}</ref> The United States dollar is also "standard" in international commodity markets.<ref name="Currencies Direct">{{cite web | url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:sOGJq7EnbZYJ:www.currenciesdirect.co.za/info-centre/currency-encyclopedia/us-dollar/+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a | title=USD – US Dollar | work=Currencies Direct | accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref> In the phenomenon known as '[[Currency substitution|dollarization]]', the U.S. dollar has been adopted as the official currency of several other countries.<ref name="Investopedia" /> However, semi-dollarization also exists in a few other countries where the U.S. dollar is recognised as [[legal tender]] alongside another currency, and unofficial dollarization exists in many areas where the U.S. dollar is widely used and accepted-although it is not recognised as legal tender.<ref name="Investopedia">{{cite web | url=http://www.investopedia.com/articles/07/unofficial_dollarization.asp | title=The U.S. Dollar's Unofficial Status as World Currency | work=Investopedia | date=12 April 2010 | accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>
A commonly used [[North American]] currency is the [[United States dollar]].<ref name="Currencies Direct"/> It is the world's largest [[reserve currency]],<ref name="Forbes USD reserve">{{cite web | url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/billconerly/2013/10/25/future-of-the-dollar-as-world-reserve-currency/ | title=Future Of The Dollar As World Reserve Currency | work=Forbes | date=25 October 2013 | accessdate=26 July 2014 | author=Conerly, Bill}}</ref> the resulting economic value of which benefits the U.S. at over $100 billion annually.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/what-a-us-default-would-mean-for-america-and-the-world-by-kenneth-rogoff |title=America's Endless Budget Battle |first=Kenneth |last=Rogoff |publisher=Project Syndicate |date=October 2013}}</ref> However, its position as a reserve currency damages American exporters because this increases the value of the United States dollar.<ref name="America's 'Exorbitant' Privilege Will Continue">{{cite web|title=America's 'Exorbitant' Privilege Will Continue|url=http://www.financialsense.com/contributors/richard-mills/americas-exorbitant-privilege-will-continue|accessdate=3 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="The rise and fall of the dollar Go with the flows">{{cite news|title=The rise and fall of the dollar Go with the flows|url=http://www.economist.com/node/17956749|publisher=The Economist|accessdate=3 September 2013|date=22 January 2011}}</ref> The United States dollar is also "standard" in international commodity markets.<ref name="Currencies Direct">{{cite web|url=http://www.currenciesdirect.co.za/info-centre/currency-encyclopedia/us-dollar/ |title=USD – US Dollar |work=Currencies Direct |accessdate=1 January 2014 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110123600/http://www.currenciesdirect.co.za/info-centre/currency-encyclopedia/us-dollar/ |archivedate=10 November 2013 |df= }}</ref> In the phenomenon known as '[[Currency substitution|dollarization]]', the U.S. dollar has been adopted as the official currency of several other countries.<ref name="Investopedia" /> However, semi-dollarization also exists in a few other countries where the U.S. dollar is recognised as [[legal tender]] alongside another currency, and unofficial dollarization exists in many areas where the U.S. dollar is widely used and accepted-although it is not recognised as legal tender.<ref name="Investopedia">{{cite web | url=http://www.investopedia.com/articles/07/unofficial_dollarization.asp | title=The U.S. Dollar's Unofficial Status as World Currency | work=Investopedia | date=12 April 2010 | accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>


The [[East Caribbean dollar]] is the most used currency by the number of countries in North America utilising it. The East Caribbean dollar is pegged to the United States dollar, and has been for over 35 years since 1976,<ref name="ECD peg">{{cite web | url=http://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/business/eccu-commemorates-34th-anniversary-of-ec-dollar-peg-to-the-us-dollar/ | title=ECCU commemorates 34th Anniversary of EC dollar pegged to the US dollar | work=Dominica News Online | date=8 July 2010 | accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref> having previously been pegged to the [[pound sterling]].<ref name="ECD peg "/> In 1965, the East Caribbean Currency Authority was established (coming after the British Caribbean Currency Board), to distribute currency, but [[The Bahamas]] withdrew from the organisation to create its own bank.<ref name="About ECB">{{cite web | url=http://www.eccb-centralbank.org/publicawareness/particles_5.asp | title=The EC Currency and the ECCB | work=EECB | accessdate=2 May 2014}}</ref> The East Caribbean dollar is used in all seven member countries of the [[Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States]] (OECS) and [[Anguilla]] (a [[British Overseas Territories|British overseas territory]]); the only OECS member using a different currency is the [[British Virgin Islands]],<ref name="XCD Oanda">{{cite web | url=http://www.oanda.com/currency/iso-currency-codes/XCD | title=East Caribbean Dollar | work=Oanda | accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref> a British overseas territory where the U.S. dollar is the official currency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/virgin-islands/726156 |title=Money in Virgin Islands |publisher=Frommer's |accessdate=January 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/VG-Virgin-Islands-customs-currency-airport-tax-regulations-details.htm |title=Virgin Islands (British) Customs, Currency & Airport Tax regulations details |work=TravelCentre |publisher=International Air Transport Association |accessdate=January 10, 2014}}</ref> [[Cuba]] and [[Panama]] both use two currencies. Cuba is attempting to gradually phase out the [[Cuban convertible peso]], unifying the two in the [[Cuban peso]].<ref name="Cuba BBC">{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-24627620 | title=Cuba to scrap two-currency system in latest reform | work=BBC | date=22 October 2013 | accessdate=8 April 2014}}</ref> Although there is no confirmed timescale for the reform, whilst quoting Cuban economists, [[Reuters]] gave an estimation of 18 months (from October 2013).<ref name="Cuba BBC "/> Panama uses the United States dollar informally,<ref name="Panama FT">{{cite web | url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8bf832a8-b984-11e3-b74f-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2yJEhdTAg | title=A currency union would be best for all of Britain | work=Financial Times | date=1 April 2014 | accessdate=8 April 2014 | author=Muscatelli, Anton}}</ref> but additionally uses the [[Panamanian balboa]] as legal tender.<ref name="Oanda Panama "/>
The [[East Caribbean dollar]] is the most used currency by the number of countries in North America utilising it. The East Caribbean dollar is pegged to the United States dollar, and has been for over 35 years since 1976,<ref name="ECD peg">{{cite web | url=http://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/business/eccu-commemorates-34th-anniversary-of-ec-dollar-peg-to-the-us-dollar/ | title=ECCU commemorates 34th Anniversary of EC dollar pegged to the US dollar | work=Dominica News Online | date=8 July 2010 | accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref> having previously been pegged to the [[pound sterling]].<ref name="ECD peg "/> In 1965, the East Caribbean Currency Authority was established (coming after the British Caribbean Currency Board), to distribute currency, but [[The Bahamas]] withdrew from the organisation to create its own bank.<ref name="About ECB">{{cite web | url=http://www.eccb-centralbank.org/publicawareness/particles_5.asp | title=The EC Currency and the ECCB | work=EECB | accessdate=2 May 2014}}</ref> The East Caribbean dollar is used in all seven member countries of the [[Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States]] (OECS) and [[Anguilla]] (a [[British Overseas Territories|British overseas territory]]); the only OECS member using a different currency is the [[British Virgin Islands]],<ref name="XCD Oanda">{{cite web | url=http://www.oanda.com/currency/iso-currency-codes/XCD | title=East Caribbean Dollar | work=Oanda | accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref> a British overseas territory where the U.S. dollar is the official currency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/virgin-islands/726156 |title=Money in Virgin Islands |publisher=Frommer's |accessdate=January 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/VG-Virgin-Islands-customs-currency-airport-tax-regulations-details.htm |title=Virgin Islands (British) Customs, Currency & Airport Tax regulations details |work=TravelCentre |publisher=International Air Transport Association |accessdate=January 10, 2014}}</ref> [[Cuba]] and [[Panama]] both use two currencies. Cuba is attempting to gradually phase out the [[Cuban convertible peso]], unifying the two in the [[Cuban peso]].<ref name="Cuba BBC">{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-24627620 | title=Cuba to scrap two-currency system in latest reform | work=BBC | date=22 October 2013 | accessdate=8 April 2014}}</ref> Although there is no confirmed timescale for the reform, whilst quoting Cuban economists, [[Reuters]] gave an estimation of 18 months (from October 2013).<ref name="Cuba BBC "/> Panama uses the United States dollar informally,<ref name="Panama FT">{{cite web | url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8bf832a8-b984-11e3-b74f-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2yJEhdTAg | title=A currency union would be best for all of Britain | work=Financial Times | date=1 April 2014 | accessdate=8 April 2014 | author=Muscatelli, Anton}}</ref> but additionally uses the [[Panamanian balboa]] as legal tender.<ref name="Oanda Panama "/>

Revision as of 04:12, 21 May 2017

There are 25 currencies currently in official use in North America. All de jure present currencies in North America are listed here, including currencies from countries which are not sovereign states or dependencies.

A commonly used North American currency is the United States dollar.[1] It is the world's largest reserve currency,[2] the resulting economic value of which benefits the U.S. at over $100 billion annually.[3] However, its position as a reserve currency damages American exporters because this increases the value of the United States dollar.[4][5] The United States dollar is also "standard" in international commodity markets.[1] In the phenomenon known as 'dollarization', the U.S. dollar has been adopted as the official currency of several other countries.[6] However, semi-dollarization also exists in a few other countries where the U.S. dollar is recognised as legal tender alongside another currency, and unofficial dollarization exists in many areas where the U.S. dollar is widely used and accepted-although it is not recognised as legal tender.[6]

The East Caribbean dollar is the most used currency by the number of countries in North America utilising it. The East Caribbean dollar is pegged to the United States dollar, and has been for over 35 years since 1976,[7] having previously been pegged to the pound sterling.[7] In 1965, the East Caribbean Currency Authority was established (coming after the British Caribbean Currency Board), to distribute currency, but The Bahamas withdrew from the organisation to create its own bank.[8] The East Caribbean dollar is used in all seven member countries of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and Anguilla (a British overseas territory); the only OECS member using a different currency is the British Virgin Islands,[9] a British overseas territory where the U.S. dollar is the official currency.[10][11] Cuba and Panama both use two currencies. Cuba is attempting to gradually phase out the Cuban convertible peso, unifying the two in the Cuban peso.[12] Although there is no confirmed timescale for the reform, whilst quoting Cuban economists, Reuters gave an estimation of 18 months (from October 2013).[12] Panama uses the United States dollar informally,[13] but additionally uses the Panamanian balboa as legal tender.[14]

North American sovereign state currencies

List of all North American sovereign state currencies
Present currency Country or dependency (administrating country) Currency sign Fractional unit Ref(s)
Aruban florin  Aruba (Netherlands) ƒ Cent [15]
[16]
[17]
Bahamian dollar  The Bahamas $ Cent [18]
Barbadian dollar (also called Bajan dollar)  Barbados $ Cent [19]
[20]
Bermudian dollar  Bermuda (United Kingdom) $ Cent [21]
Belize dollar  Belize $ Cent [22]
[23]
Canadian dollar  Canada $ Cent [24]
[25]
Cayman Islands dollar  Cayman Islands (United Kingdom) $ Cent [26]
Colombian peso  Colombia[a] $ Cent [27]
[28]
Costa Rican colón  Costa Rica ₡ Céntimo [29]
[30]
Cuban convertible peso  Cuba ₱ Centavo [31]
[32]
[33]
Cuban peso  Cuba CUC$ Cent [34]
Danish krone  Greenland (Denmark) kr Øre [35]
Dominican peso  Dominican Republic RD$ Centavo [36]
[37]
East Caribbean dollar  Antigua and Barbuda $ Cent [38]
 Dominica [38]
 Grenada [39]
 Montserrat (United Kingdom) [38]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [38]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis [40]
 Saint Lucia [41]
Euro  France[b] € Cent [42]
Guatemalan quetzal  Guatemala Q Centavo [43]
[44]
Haitian gourde  Haiti G Centime [45]
[46]
Honduran lempira  Honduras L Centavo [47]
[48]
Jamaican dollar  Jamaica J$ Cent [49]
[50]
Mexican peso  Mexico $ Cent [51]
[52]
Netherlands Antillean guilder  Curaçao (Netherlands) ƒ Cent [53]
[54]
[55]
 Sint Maarten (Netherlands) [56]
Nicaraguan córdoba  Nicaragua C$ Centavo [57]
[58]
Panamanian balboa  Panama B/. Centésimo [14]
[59]
Trinidad and Tobago dollar  Trinidad and Tobago TT$ Cent [60]
[61]
United States dollar  Bonaire (Netherlands) $ Cent [62]
[63]
[64]
 British Virgin Islands (United Kingdom) [62]
 El Salvador [62]
 Panama [62]
 Puerto Rico (United States) [62]
 Saba (Netherlands) [65]
 Sint Eustatius (Netherlands) [66]
 Turks and Caicos Islands (United Kingdom) [67]
 United States [62]
 United States Virgin Islands (United States) [62]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Colombian department Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina is situated in North America
  2. ^ French departments Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Barthélemy, the Collectivity of Saint Martin, Clipperton, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon are situated in North America

References

  1. ^ a b "USD – US Dollar". Currencies Direct. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ Conerly, Bill (25 October 2013). "Future Of The Dollar As World Reserve Currency". Forbes. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  3. ^ Rogoff, Kenneth (October 2013). "America's Endless Budget Battle". Project Syndicate.
  4. ^ "America's 'Exorbitant' Privilege Will Continue". Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  5. ^ "The rise and fall of the dollar Go with the flows". The Economist. 22 January 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  6. ^ a b "The U.S. Dollar's Unofficial Status as World Currency". Investopedia. 12 April 2010. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  7. ^ a b "ECCU commemorates 34th Anniversary of EC dollar pegged to the US dollar". Dominica News Online. 8 July 2010. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  8. ^ "The EC Currency and the ECCB". EECB. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  9. ^ "East Caribbean Dollar". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  10. ^ "Money in Virgin Islands". Frommer's. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  11. ^ "Virgin Islands (British) Customs, Currency & Airport Tax regulations details". TravelCentre. International Air Transport Association. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  12. ^ a b "Cuba to scrap two-currency system in latest reform". BBC. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  13. ^ Muscatelli, Anton (1 April 2014). "A currency union would be best for all of Britain". Financial Times. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  14. ^ a b "Panamanian Balboa". Oanda. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  15. ^ Linzmayer, Owen (26 April 2011). "Aruba". The Banknote Book (1st ed.). San Francisco. p. 7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  16. ^ "AWG - Aruban or Dutch Guilder". Xe. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  17. ^ "Banknotes and Coins". Central Bank of Arubia. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  18. ^ "BSD - Bahamian Dollar". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  19. ^ "Barbados Dollar". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  20. ^ "BBD - Barbadian or Bajan Dollar". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  21. ^ "BMD - Bermudian Dollar". Xe. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  22. ^ "BZD - Belizean Dollar". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  23. ^ "Belize Dollar". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  24. ^ "CAD - Canadian Dollar". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  25. ^ "Canadian Dollar". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  26. ^ "KYD - Caymanian Dollar". Xe. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  27. ^ "A hotel on San Andres Islands (Colombia)". Hotel Bahia Sardinia. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  28. ^ "COP - Colombian Peso". Xe. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  29. ^ "CRC - Costa Rican Colon". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  30. ^ "Costa Rican Colon". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  31. ^ "Cuba: Money Exchange". TripAdvisor. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  32. ^ "CUP - Cuban Peso". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  33. ^ "Cuban Convertible Peso". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  34. ^ "CUC - Cuban Convertible Peso". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  35. ^ "DKK - Danish Krone". Xe. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  36. ^ "DOP - Dominican Peso". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  37. ^ "Dominican Peso". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  38. ^ a b c d "XCD - East Caribbean Dollar". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  39. ^ Mawer, Fred (22 April 2013). "Grenada travel guide". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  40. ^ "Compare Money Transfers to Saint Kitts And Nevis". ExchangeRates.org.uk. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  41. ^ "Practical Information". Visit St Lucia. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  42. ^ "Guadeloupe Currency". Cuba Currency and Money Guide. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  43. ^ "GTQ - Guatemalan Quetzal". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  44. ^ "Guatemalan Quetzal". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  45. ^ "HTG - Haitian Gourde". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  46. ^ "Haiti Gourde". CurrencyConverter.co.uk. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  47. ^ "HNL - Honduran Lempira". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  48. ^ "Honduran Lempira". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  49. ^ "JMD - Jamaican Dolla". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  50. ^ "Jamaican Dollar". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  51. ^ "MXN - Mexican Peso". Xe Mexico. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  52. ^ "Mexican Peso". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  53. ^ "Curaçao Currency". Curaçao Tourist Board. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  54. ^ Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Netherlands Antilles". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com.
  55. ^ "Coins". Central Bank of Curaçao and Saint Martin. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  56. ^ "St-Martin - Useful information". St Martin. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  57. ^ "NIO - Nicaraguan Cordoba". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  58. ^ "Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  59. ^ "PAB - Panamanian Balboa". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  60. ^ "TTD - Trinidadian Dollar". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  61. ^ "Trinidad/Tobago Dollar". Oanda. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
  62. ^ a b c d e f g "USD - US Dollar". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  63. ^ "Money and Currency". Info Bonaire. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  64. ^ "United States Dollar". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  65. ^ "General info". Saba Tourism. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  66. ^ "Essential Facts". Sint Eustatius. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  67. ^ "Quick Facts". Turks and Caicos Islands. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
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