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==History==
==History==


''Mankind Quarterly'' was founded in 1961. The founders were [[Robert Gayre]], [[Henry Garrett]], [[Roger Pearson (anthropologist)|Roger Pearson]], [[Corrado Gini]], Luigi Gedda (Honorary Advisory Board),<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 19848223 | volume=20 | title=Against UNESCO: Gedda, Gini and American scientific racism | journal=Med Secoli | pages=907–35 | author=Cassata F}}</ref> [[Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer|Otmar von Verschuer]] and [[Reginald Ruggles Gates]]. It was originally published in [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]], by the [[International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics]].
''Mankind Quarterly'' was founded in 1961 with funding from segregationists, who designed it to serve as a mouthpiece for their views. The costs of initially launching the journal were paid by the [[Pioneer Fund]]'s [[Wickliffe Draper]].<ref name=springer>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9SqGDAAAQBAJ |title=Racial Science and British Society, 1930-62 |last=Schaffer |first=G. |date=2008-09-02 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9780230582446 |pages=142-3 |language=en}}</ref> The founders were [[Robert Gayre]], [[Henry Garrett]], [[Roger Pearson (anthropologist)|Roger Pearson]], [[Corrado Gini]], Luigi Gedda (Honorary Advisory Board),<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 19848223 | volume=20 | title=Against UNESCO: Gedda, Gini and American scientific racism | journal=Med Secoli | pages=907–35 | author=Cassata F}}</ref> [[Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer|Otmar von Verschuer]] and [[Reginald Ruggles Gates]]. It was originally published in [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]], by the [[International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics]], an organization founded by Draper to promote scientific racism.<ref name=springer/>


Its foundation may in part have been a response to the declaration by [[UNESCO]], which dismissed the validity of race as a biological concept, and to increasing attempts to ban racial segregation in the [[American South]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schaffer|first=Gavin|year=2007|title="'Scientific' Racism Again?": Reginald Gates, the "Mankind Quarterly" and the Question of "Race" in Science after the Second World War|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27557994|journal=Journal of American Studies|volume=41|issue=2|pages=253–278|doi=10.2307/27557994|quote=The Mankind Quarterly was designed as an objective foil to the folly of UNESCO and "post-racial" science.}}</ref><ref name="Jackson2005p148">{{Cite book |title=Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education |last=Jackson |first= John P. |publisher=[[NYU Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8147-4271-6 |layurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929191310/http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/lhr/25.2/br_19.html |page=148|quote=While the IAAEE scientists were deep into the fight to preserve racial segregation in the American South, they were also involved in a battle on a different front. They had launched their own journal, ''Mankind Quarterly'', which purported to be dedicated to an open discussion of the scientific study of racial issues.|laydate=30 August 2010}}</ref>
Its foundation may in part have been a response to the declaration by [[UNESCO]], which dismissed the validity of race as a biological concept, and to increasing attempts to ban racial segregation in the [[American South]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schaffer|first=Gavin|year=2007|title="'Scientific' Racism Again?": Reginald Gates, the "Mankind Quarterly" and the Question of "Race" in Science after the Second World War|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27557994|journal=Journal of American Studies|volume=41|issue=2|pages=253–278|doi=10.2307/27557994|quote=The Mankind Quarterly was designed as an objective foil to the folly of UNESCO and "post-racial" science.}}</ref><ref name="Jackson2005p148">{{Cite book |title=Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education |last=Jackson |first= John P. |publisher=[[NYU Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8147-4271-6 |layurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929191310/http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/lhr/25.2/br_19.html |page=148|quote=While the IAAEE scientists were deep into the fight to preserve racial segregation in the American South, they were also involved in a battle on a different front. They had launched their own journal, ''Mankind Quarterly'', which purported to be dedicated to an open discussion of the scientific study of racial issues.|laydate=30 August 2010}}</ref>
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The journal has been published by the Ulster Institute for Social Research since January 2015, when publication duties were transferred from Pearson's Council for Social and Economic Studies (which had published the journal since 1979).<ref name=about/>
The journal has been published by the Ulster Institute for Social Research since January 2015, when publication duties were transferred from Pearson's Council for Social and Economic Studies (which had published the journal since 1979).<ref name=about/>

== Editors ==
== Editors ==
The editor-in-chief is [[Gerhard Meisenberg]]. The assistant editor is [[Richard Lynn]], psychologist and former board member and grantee of the Pioneer Fund.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rlynn.co.uk/|title=Richard Lynn – Home|website=''rlynn.co.uk''}}</ref><ref name=about>{{citation | publisher = Mankind Quarterly |title= Editorial Panel | url = http://www.mankindquarterly.org/about | accessdate = 15 May 2015}}</ref>
The editor-in-chief is [[Gerhard Meisenberg]]. The assistant editor is [[Richard Lynn]], psychologist and former board member and grantee of the Pioneer Fund.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rlynn.co.uk/|title=Richard Lynn – Home|website=''rlynn.co.uk''}}</ref><ref name=about>{{citation | publisher = Mankind Quarterly |title= Editorial Panel | url = http://www.mankindquarterly.org/about | accessdate = 15 May 2015}}</ref>

Revision as of 15:14, 22 May 2018

Not to be confused with the Australian anthropological journal The Australian Journal of Anthropology formerly known as "Mankind".
Mankind Quarterly
DisciplineAnthropology
LanguageEnglish
Edited byGerhard Meisenberg, Richard Lynn
Publication details
History1961–present
FrequencyQuarterly
Standard abbreviations
ISO 4Mank. Q.
Indexing
CODENMKQUA4
ISSN0025-2344
LCCN63024971
OCLC no.820324
Links
Mankind Quarterly Monographs
DisciplineAnthropology
LanguageEnglish
Publication details
Publisher
Standard abbreviations
ISO 4Mank. Q. Monogr.
Indexing
CODENMAQUE6
ISSN0893-4649
LCCNsf89030002
OCLC no.149980257

The Mankind Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to physical and cultural anthropology, published by the Ulster Institute for Social Research in London. It contains articles on human evolution, intelligence, ethnography, linguistics, mythology, archaeology, etc. The journal aims to unify anthropology with biology.

Critics call it a "cornerstone of the scientific racism establishment" and a "white supremacist journal",[1] "scientific racism's keepers of the flame",[2] a journal with a "racist orientation" and an "infamous racist journal",[3] and "journal of 'scientific racism'".[4]

History

Mankind Quarterly was founded in 1961 with funding from segregationists, who designed it to serve as a mouthpiece for their views. The costs of initially launching the journal were paid by the Pioneer Fund's Wickliffe Draper.[5] The founders were Robert Gayre, Henry Garrett, Roger Pearson, Corrado Gini, Luigi Gedda (Honorary Advisory Board),[6] Otmar von Verschuer and Reginald Ruggles Gates. It was originally published in Edinburgh, Scotland, by the International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics, an organization founded by Draper to promote scientific racism.[5]

Its foundation may in part have been a response to the declaration by UNESCO, which dismissed the validity of race as a biological concept, and to increasing attempts to ban racial segregation in the American South.[7][8]

Already in 1961, the journal came under heavy criticism when renowned physical anthropologist Juan Comas published a series of scathing critiques of the journal. He argued that the journal was reproducing discredited racial ideologies, such as Nordicism and anti-Semitism, under the guise of science.[9][10] The critique prompted a series of responses and rebuttals to Comas' critique from the editors of the journal, published in the journal itself – including a highly critical review of Comas' book Racial Myths by James A. Gregor, among more or less direct attacks on Comas. Comas then argued in Current Anthropology that the journal's review of his book Racial Myths was politically motivated, and misrepresented the field of physical anthropology by adhering to outdated racial ideologies, for example by claiming that Jews were considered a "biological race" by the racial biologists of the time. Other anthropologists complained that paragraphs that did not agree with the racial ideology of the editorial board were deleted from published articles without the authors' agreement.[11][12][13][14]

The strong criticism meant that few academic anthropologists would publish in the journal or serve on its board; when Gates died, Carleton Coon, an anthropologist sympathetic to the hereditarian and racialist view of the journal, was asked to replace him, but he rejected the offer stating that "I fear that for a professional anthropologist to accept membership on your board would be the kiss of death". Nonetheless, the journal continued to be published supported by grant money.[13] Publisher Roger Pearson received over a million dollars in grants from the Pioneer Fund in the 1980s and 1990s.[15][16][17]

The journal has been published by the Ulster Institute for Social Research since January 2015, when publication duties were transferred from Pearson's Council for Social and Economic Studies (which had published the journal since 1979).[18]

Editors

The editor-in-chief is Gerhard Meisenberg. The assistant editor is Richard Lynn, psychologist and former board member and grantee of the Pioneer Fund.[19][18]

Criticism

Many of those involved with the journal are connected to academic hereditarianism. The journal has been criticised as being political and strongly right-leaning,[20] racist or fascist.[21][22] Pearson has responded that much of anthropology is politicised in the opposite way and claims that the most vocal critics of the journal often identify with the radical tradition in anthropology.[23]

In 1963, after the journal's first issue, contributors U. R. Ehrenfels, T. N. Madan, and Juan Comas said that the journal's editorial practice was biased and misleading.[11] This was denied by editors of the journal.[24]

During the "Bell Curve wars" of the 1990s, the journal received attention when opponents of The Bell Curve publicised the fact that some of the works cited by Bell Curve authors Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray had first been published in Mankind Quarterly.[15] In The New York Review of Books, Charles Lane referred to The Bell Curve's "tainted sources", that seventeen researchers cited in the book's bibliography had contributed articles to, and ten of these seventeen had also been editors of, Mankind Quarterly, "a notorious journal of 'racial history' founded, and funded, by men who believe in the genetic superiority of the white race."[25] The journal continues to publish hereditarian perspective articles, stating that "much of this science has stood the test of time", and "the editors still welcome controversy and new ideas".[26]

See also

References

  1. ^ Joe L. Kincheloe, et. al, Measured Lies: The Bell Curve Examined, Palgrave Macmillan, 1997, pg. 39
  2. ^ William H. Tucker, The funding of scientific racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund, University of Illinois Press, 2002, pg. 2
  3. ^ Ibrahim G. Aoudé, The ethnic studies story: politics and social movements in Hawaiʻi, University of Hawaii Press, 1999, pg. 111
  4. ^ Kenneth Leech, Race, Church Publishing, Inc., 2005, pg. 14
  5. ^ a b Schaffer, G. (2 September 2008). Racial Science and British Society, 1930-62. Springer. pp. 142–3. ISBN 9780230582446.
  6. ^ Cassata F. "Against UNESCO: Gedda, Gini and American scientific racism". Med Secoli. 20: 907–35. PMID 19848223.
  7. ^ Schaffer, Gavin (2007). ""'Scientific' Racism Again?": Reginald Gates, the "Mankind Quarterly" and the Question of "Race" in Science after the Second World War". Journal of American Studies. 41 (2): 253–278. doi:10.2307/27557994. The Mankind Quarterly was designed as an objective foil to the folly of UNESCO and "post-racial" science.
  8. ^ Jackson, John P. (2005). Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education. NYU Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-8147-4271-6. While the IAAEE scientists were deep into the fight to preserve racial segregation in the American South, they were also involved in a battle on a different front. They had launched their own journal, Mankind Quarterly, which purported to be dedicated to an open discussion of the scientific study of racial issues. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |laydate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |layurl= ignored (help)
  9. ^ Comas Juan (1961). "Scientific" Racism Again?". Current Anthropology. 2 (4): 303–340. doi:10.1086/200208.
  10. ^ Comas Juan (1962). "More on "Scientific" Racism". Current Anthropology. 3 (3): 284–302. doi:10.1086/200293.
  11. ^ a b Ehrenfels, U. R.; Madan, T. N.; Comas, J. (1962). "Mankind Quarterly Under Heavy Criticism: 3 Comments on Editorial Practices". Current Anthropology. 3 (2): 154–158. doi:10.1086/200265. JSTOR 2739528.
  12. ^ John P. Jackson. 2005. Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case Against Brown V. Board of Education. NYU Press 151–154
  13. ^ a b Paul A. Erickson, Liam Donat Murphy. 2013. Readings for A History of Anthropological Theory. University of Toronto Press, p. 534
  14. ^ Harrison G. Ainsworth (1961). "The Mankind Quarterly". Man. 61: 163–164.
  15. ^ a b Tucker, William H. (2007). The funding of scientific racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-07463-9. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |laydate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |layurl= ignored (help)
  16. ^ Mehler, Barry (7 July 1998). Race Science and the Pioneer Fund Originally published as "The Funding of the Science" in Searchlight, No. 277.
  17. ^ Genoves, Santiago. "Racism and" The Mankind Quarterly"." American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1961.
  18. ^ a b Editorial Panel, Mankind Quarterly, retrieved 15 May 2015
  19. ^ "Richard Lynn – Home". rlynn.co.uk. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)
  20. ^ e.g., Arvidsson, Stefan (2006), Aryan Idols: Indo-European Mythology as Ideology and Science, translated by Sonia Wichmann, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
  21. ^ Schaffer, Gavin (2008). Racial science and British society, 1930–62. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  22. ^ Gelb, Steven A. (1997). "Heart of Darkness: The Discreet Charm of the Hereditarian Psychologist". The Review of Education/Pedagogy/Cultural Studies. 19 (1): 129–139. doi:10.1080/1071441970190110.
  23. ^ Roger Pearson, "Activist Lysenkoism: The Case of Barry Mehler." In Race, Intelligence and Bias in Academe (Washington: Scott-Townsend Publishers, 1997).
  24. ^ Gates, R. R.; Gregor, A. J. (1963). "Mankind Quarterly: Gates and Gregor Reply to Critics". Current Anthropology. 4 (1): 119–121. doi:10.1086/200345. JSTOR 2739826. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ Weyher, Harry F.; Lane, Charles (2 February 1995). "'The Bell Curve' and Its Sources". The New York Review of Books.
  26. ^ "History and philosophy". Mankind Quarterly. Retrieved 3 September 2016.

Further reading

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