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The following [[Outline (list)|outline]] is provided as an overview of and topical guide to diabetes mellitus (diabetes insipidus not included below) :
The following [[Outline (list)|outline]] is provided as an overview of and topical guide to diabetes mellitus (diabetes insipidus not included below) :
'''[[Diabetes]] mellitus''' – group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high [[blood sugar]], either because the [[pancreas]] does not produce enough [[insulin]], or because cells do not respond properly to the insulin that is produced,<ref name=Green2011>{{cite book|last=Shoback|first=edited by David G. Gardner, Dolores|title=Greenspan's basic & clinical endocrinology|year=2011|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical|location=New York|isbn=0-07-162243-8|pages=Chapter 17|edition=9th}}</ref> a condition called [[insulin resistance]]. The resultant high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of [[polyuria]] (frequent urination), [[polydipsia]] (increased thirst) and [[polyphagia]] (increased hunger).
'''[[Diabetes]] mellitus''' – group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high [[blood sugar]], either because the [[pancreas]] does not produce enough [[insulin]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Ionescu-Tirgoviste|first=Constantin|last2=Gagniuc|first2=Paul A.|last3=Gubceac|first3=Elvira|last4=Mardare|first4=Liliana|last5=Popescu|first5=Irinel|last6=Dima|first6=Simona|last7=Militaru|first7=Manuella|date=2015-09-29|title=A 3D map of the islet routes throughout the healthy human pancreas|url=https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14634|journal=Scientific Reports|language=En|volume=5|issue=1|doi=10.1038/srep14634|issn=2045-2322|pmc=PMC4586491|pmid=26417671}}</ref> or because cells do not respond properly to the insulin that is produced,<ref name=Green2011>{{cite book|last=Shoback|first=edited by David G. Gardner, Dolores|title=Greenspan's basic & clinical endocrinology|year=2011|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical|location=New York|isbn=0-07-162243-8|pages=Chapter 17|edition=9th}}</ref> a condition called [[insulin resistance]]. The resultant high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of [[polyuria]] (frequent urination), [[polydipsia]] (increased thirst) and [[polyphagia]] (increased hunger).
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Diabetes can be described as a:
Diabetes can be described as a:
* A class of metabolic [[disease]]s
* A class of metabolic [[disease]]s.<ref name=":0" />
** A class of systemic diseases<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://reversingyourdiabetestoday.com/can-diabetes-be-cured-naturally/|title=Can Diabetes be Cured Naturally? - Diabetes Destroyer Review|date=2014-07-17|work=Diabetes Destroyer Review|access-date=2017-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://curetype2diabetes.cf/can-diabetes-be-cured-naturally/|title=Can Diabetes be Cured Naturally? {{!}} New Research to Cure Type 2 Diabetes- Start Reversing Today|website=curetype2diabetes.cf|access-date=2016-10-23}}</ref>
** A class of systemic diseases.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://reversingyourdiabetestoday.com/can-diabetes-be-cured-naturally/|title=Can Diabetes be Cured Naturally? - Diabetes Destroyer Review|date=2014-07-17|work=Diabetes Destroyer Review|access-date=2017-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://curetype2diabetes.cf/can-diabetes-be-cured-naturally/|title=Can Diabetes be Cured Naturally? {{!}} New Research to Cure Type 2 Diabetes- Start Reversing Today|website=curetype2diabetes.cf|access-date=2016-10-23}}</ref>
== Types of diabetes mellitus ==
== Types of diabetes mellitus ==
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* [[Prediabetes]] (mellitus–
* [[Prediabetes]] (mellitus–
* Main types of diabetes:
* Main types of diabetes:
**[[Diabetes mellitus type 1]] – disease that results in autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://autoimmune.pathology.jhmi.edu/diseases.cfm?systemID=3&DiseaseID=23 |title=Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |accessdate=2008-08-04}}</ref>
**[[Diabetes mellitus type 1]] – disease that results in autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://autoimmune.pathology.jhmi.edu/diseases.cfm?systemID=3&DiseaseID=23 |title=Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |accessdate=2008-08-04}}</ref>
** [[Diabetes mellitus type 2]] – metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulinresistance and relative insulin deficiency.<ref name="Pathologic Basis of Disease">{{Cite book |author1=Kumar, Vinay |author2=Fausto, Nelson |author3=Abbas, Abul K. |author4=Cotran, Ramzi S. |author5=Robbins, Stanley L. | title=Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease | year=2005| edition=7th| publisher=Saunders | location=Philadelphia, Pa. | isbn=0-7216-0187-1 |pages=1194–1195}}</ref>
** [[Diabetes mellitus type 2]] – metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of a decreasing beta-cell mass and a relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ionescu-Tîrgovişte|first=Constantin|last2=Gagniuc|first2=Paul Aurelian|last3=Guja|first3=Cristian|date=2015-09-17|title=Structural Properties of Gene Promoters Highlight More than Two Phenotypes of Diabetes|url=https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137950|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=10|issue=9|pages=e0137950|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0137950|issn=1932-6203|pmc=PMC4574929|pmid=26379145}}</ref><ref name="Pathologic Basis of Disease">{{Cite book |author1=Kumar, Vinay |author2=Fausto, Nelson |author3=Abbas, Abul K. |author4=Cotran, Ramzi S. |author5=Robbins, Stanley L. | title=Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease | year=2005| edition=7th| publisher=Saunders | location=Philadelphia, Pa. | isbn=0-7216-0187-1 |pages=1194–1195}}</ref>
***[[Diseases of affluence|Disease of affluence]] – type 2 diabetes is one of the "diseases of affluence", which include mostly chronic non-communicable diseases for which personal lifestyles and societal conditions associated with economic development are believed to be important risk factors.
***[[Diseases of affluence|Disease of affluence]] – type 2 diabetes is one of the "diseases of affluence", which include mostly chronic non-communicable diseases for which personal lifestyles and societal conditions associated with economic development are believed to be important risk factors.
** [[Gestational diabetes]] – Gestational diabetes, is a temporary condition that is first diagnosed during pregnancy. Like type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes causes blood sugar levels to become too high.It involves an increased risk of developing diabetes for both mother and child.
** [[Gestational diabetes]] – Gestational diabetes, is a temporary condition that is first diagnosed during pregnancy. Like type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes causes blood sugar levels to become too high.It involves an increased risk of developing diabetes for both mother and child.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to diabetes mellitus (diabetes insipidus not included below) :
Diabetes mellitus – group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin,[1] or because cells do not respond properly to the insulin that is produced,[2] a condition called insulin resistance. The resultant high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger).
Diabetes mellitus type 1 – disease that results in autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.[1][5]
Diabetes mellitus type 2 – metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of a decreasing beta-cell mass and a relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance.[1][6][7]
Disease of affluence – type 2 diabetes is one of the "diseases of affluence", which include mostly chronic non-communicable diseases for which personal lifestyles and societal conditions associated with economic development are believed to be important risk factors.
Gestational diabetes – Gestational diabetes, is a temporary condition that is first diagnosed during pregnancy. Like type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes causes blood sugar levels to become too high.It involves an increased risk of developing diabetes for both mother and child.
Symptoms of prediabetes – prediabetes typically has no distinct signs or symptoms. Patients should monitor for signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (see below).
Regular physical exercise – in addition to helping to maintain a healthy weight, sufficient vigorous physical exercise increases cells' sensitivity to insulin, and can thus prevent and possibly revert insulin resistance.
Medication – specific medications have been shown to be able to prevent type 2 diabetes. However, the disease can often be delayed through proper nutrition and regular exercise.[9]
^Shoback, edited by David G. Gardner, Dolores (2011). Greenspan's basic & clinical endocrinology (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. Chapter 17. ISBN0-07-162243-8. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Cotran, Ramzi S.; Robbins, Stanley L. (2005). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (7th ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders. pp. 1194–1195. ISBN0-7216-0187-1.
^Raina Elley C, Kenealy T (December 2008). "Lifestyle interventions reduced the long-term risk of diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance". Evid Based Med. 13 (6): 173. doi:10.1136/ebm.13.6.173. PMID19043031.
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