Orders of magnitude (magnetic field): Difference between revisions
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| 10<sup>8</sup> - 10<sup>11</sup> || gigatesla || {{val|100|u=MT}} to {{val|100|u=GT}} || {{val|1|u=TG}} to {{val|1|u=PG}} || Strength of a [[magnetar]]. <ref name="Magnetars">{{cite journal |last1=Kouveliotou |first1=Chryssa |last2=Duncan |first2=Robert |last3=Thompson |first3=Christopher |title=Magnetars |journal=Sci. Am. |date=Feb. 2003 |issue=288N2 |page=24 |doi=https://doi.org/10.1038%2fscientificamerican0203-34 |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/magnetars/ |accessdate=7 January 2019}}</ref> |
| 10<sup>8</sup> - 10<sup>11</sup> || gigatesla || {{val|100|u=MT}} to {{val|100|u=GT}} || {{val|1|u=TG}} to {{val|1|u=PG}} || Strength of a [[magnetar]]. <ref name="Magnetars">{{cite journal |last1=Kouveliotou |first1=Chryssa |last2=Duncan |first2=Robert |last3=Thompson |first3=Christopher |title=Magnetars |journal=Sci. Am. |date=Feb. 2003 |issue=288N2 |page=24 |doi=https://doi.org/10.1038%2fscientificamerican0203-34 |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/magnetars/ |accessdate=7 January 2019}}</ref> |
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| 10<sup>14</sup> || teratesla || {{val|100|u=TT}} || {{val|1|u=EG}} || Strength of magnetic fields inside heavy ion collisions at [[Relativistic_Heavy_Ion_Collider|RHIC]]. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tuchin |first1=Kirill |title=Particle production in strong electromagnetic fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions |journal=Adv. High Energy Phys. |date=2013 |volume=2013 |page=490495 |doi=10.1155/2013/490495 |url=https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.0099 |accessdate=7 January 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bzdak |first1=Adam |last2=Skokov |first2=Vladimir |title=Event-by-event fluctuations of magnetic and electric fields in heavy ion collisions |journal=Physical Letters B |date=3/29/2012 |volume=710 |issue=1 |pages=171-174 |doi=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.02.065 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037026931200216X |accessdate=7 January 2019}}</ref> |
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| 10<sup>53</sup> || N/A || {{val|2|e=29|u=YT}} || {{val|2|e=33|u=YG}} ||[[Planck units#Derived units|Planck magnetic field strength]] |
| 10<sup>53</sup> || N/A || {{val|2|e=29|u=YT}} || {{val|2|e=33|u=YG}} ||[[Planck units#Derived units|Planck magnetic field strength]] |
Revision as of 19:41, 7 January 2019
This page lists examples of magnetic induction B in teslas and gauss produced by various sources, grouped by orders of magnitude.
Note:
- Traditionally, magnetizing field H, is measured in amperes per meter.
- Magnetic induction B (also known as magnetic flux density) has the SI unit tesla [T or Wb/m2].[1]
- One tesla is equal to 104 gauss.
- Magnetic field drops off as the cube of the distance from a dipole source.
Orders of Magnitude
These examples attempt to make the measuring point clear, usually the surface of the item mentioned.
Factor (tesla) | SI prefix | Value (SI units) | Value (CGS units) | Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
10−18 | attotesla | 5 aT | 50 fG | SQUID magnetometers on Gravity Probe B gyroscopes measure fields at this level over several days of averaged measurements[2] |
10−15 | femtotesla | 2 fT | 20 pG | SQUID magnetometers on Gravity Probe B gyros measure fields at this level in about one second |
10−12 | picotesla | 100 fT to 1 pT | 1 nG to 10 nG | Human brain magnetic field |
10−11 | 10 pT | 100 nG | In September 2006, NASA found "potholes" in the magnetic field in the heliosheath around our solar system that are 10 picoteslas as reported by Voyager 1[3] | |
10−9 | nanotesla | 100 pT to 10 nT | 1 μG to 100 μG | Magnetic field strength in the heliosphere |
10−7 | 60 nT to 700 nT | 600 μG to 7 mG | Magnetic field produced by a toaster, in use, at a distance of 30 cm (1 ft)[4] | |
100 nT to 500 nT | 1 mG to 5 mG | Magnetic field produced by residential electric distribution lines (34.5 kV) at a distance of 30 cm (1 ft)[4][5] | ||
10−6 | microtesla | 1.3 μT to 2.7 μT | 13 mG to 27 mG | Magnetic field produced by high power (500 kV) transmission lines at a distance of 30 m (100 ft)[5] |
4 μT to 8 μT | 40 mG to 80 mG | Magnetic field produced by a microwave oven, in use, at a distance of 30 cm (1 ft)[4] | ||
10−5 | 24 μT | 240 mG | Strength of magnetic tape near tape head | |
31 μT | 310 mG | Strength of Earth's magnetic field at 0° latitude (on the equator) | ||
58 μT | 580 mG | Strength of Earth's magnetic field at 50° latitude | ||
10−4 | 500 μT | 5 G | The suggested exposure limit for cardiac pacemakers by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | |
10−3 | millitesla | 5 mT | 50 G | The strength of a typical refrigerator magnet[6] |
10−2 | centitesla | |||
10−1 | decitesla | 150 mT | 1.5 kG | The magnetic field strength of a sunspot |
100 | tesla | 1 T to 2.4 T | 10 kG to 24 kG | Coil gap of a typical loudspeaker magnet.[7] |
1 T to 2 T | 10 kG to 20 kG | Inside the core of a modern 50/60 Hz power transformer[8][9] | ||
1.25 T | 12.5 kG | Strength of a modern neodymium–iron–boron (Nd2Fe14B) rare earth magnet. A coin-sized neodymium magnet can lift more than 9 kg, erase credit cards.[10] | ||
1.5 T to 7 T | 15 kG to 30 kG | Strength of medical magnetic resonance imaging systems in practice, experimentally up to 11.7 T[11][12][13] | ||
9.4 T | 94 kG | Modern high resolution research magnetic resonance imaging system; field strength of a 400 MHz NMR spectrometer | ||
101 | decatesla | 11.7 T | 117 kG | Field strength of a 500 MHz NMR spectrometer |
16 T | 160 kG | Strength used to levitate a frog[14] | ||
23.5 T | 235 kG | Field strength of a 1 GHz NMR spectrometer[15] | ||
38 T | 380 kG | Strongest continuous magnetic field produced by non-superconductive resistive magnet.[16] | ||
45 T | 450 kG | Strongest continuous magnetic field yet produced in a laboratory (Florida State University's National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, USA).[17] | ||
102 | hectotesla | 100 T | 1 MG | Strongest pulsed non-destructive magnetic field produced in a laboratory, Pulsed Field Facility at National High Magnetic Field Laboratory's, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA).[18] |
103 | kilotesla | 1200 T | 12 MG | Record for indoor pulsed magnetic field, (University of Tokyo, 2018) [19] |
2800 T | 28 MG | Record for human produced, pulsed magnetic field, (VNIIEF, 2001)[20] | ||
106 | megatesla | 1 MT to 100 MT | 10 GG to 1 TG | Strength of a neutron star. [21] |
108 - 1011 | gigatesla | 100 MT to 100 GT | 1 TG to 1 PG | Strength of a magnetar. [21] |
1014 | teratesla | 100 TT | 1 EG | Strength of magnetic fields inside heavy ion collisions at RHIC. [22] [23] |
1053 | N/A | 2×1029 YT | 2×1033 YG | Planck magnetic field strength |
References
- ^ "Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, The International System of Units (SI), 8th edition 2006" (PDF). bipm.org. 2012-10-01. Retrieved 2013-05-26.
- ^ [1] Gravity Probe B
- ^ "Surprises from the Edge of the Solar System". NASA. 2006-09-21.
- ^ a b c "Magnetic Field Levels Around Homes" (PDF). UC San Diego Dept. of Environment, Health & Safety (EH&S). p. 2. Retrieved 2017-03-07.
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(help) - ^ a b "EMF in Your Environment: Magnetic Field Measurements of Everyday Electrical Devices". United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1992. pp. 23–24. Retrieved 2017-03-07.
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(help) - ^ "Information on MRI Technique". Nevus Network. Retrieved 2014-01-28.
- ^ Elliot, Rod. "Power Handling Vs. Efficiency". Retrieved 2008-02-17.
- ^ "Inductors and transformers" (PDF). eece.ksu.edu. 2003-08-12. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 8, 2008. Retrieved 2013-05-26.
A modern well-designed 60 Hz power transformer will probably have a magnetic flux density between 1 and 2 T inside the core.
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Trafo-Bestimmung 3von3". radiomuseum.org. 2009-07-11. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
- ^ The Tesla Radio Conspiracy
- ^ Savage, Niel. "The World's Most Powerful MRI Takes Shape".
- ^ Smith, Hans-Jørgen. "Magnetic resonance imaging". Medcyclopaedia Textbook of Radiology. GE Healthcare. Archived from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
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suggested) (help) - ^ Orenstein, Beth W. (2006-02-16). "Ultra High-Field MRI — The Pull of Big Magnets". Radiology Today. Vol. 7, no. 3. p. 10. Archived from the original on March 15, 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Frog defies gravity".
- ^ "23.5 Tesla Standard-Bore, Persistent Superconducting Magnet".
- ^ "HFML sets world record with a new 38 tesla magnet".
- ^ "World's Most Powerful Magnet Tested Ushers in New Era for Steady High Field Research". National High Magnetic Field Laboratory.
- ^ "Pulsed Field Facility - MagLab". Pulsed Field Facility.
- ^ Nakamura, D.; Ikeda, A.; Sawabe, H.; Matsuda, Y. H.; Takeyama, S. (2018). "Record indoor magnetic field of 1200 T generated by electromagnetic flux-compression". Review of Scientific Instruments. 89 (9): 095106. doi:10.1063/1.5044557.
- ^ Bykov, A.I.; Dolotenko, M.I.; Kolokolchikov, N.P.; Selemir, V.D.; Tatsenko, O.M. (2001). "VNIIEF achievements on ultra-high magnetic fields generation". Physica B: Condensed Matter. 294–295: 574–578. doi:10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00723-7.
- ^ a b Kouveliotou, Chryssa; Duncan, Robert; Thompson, Christopher (Feb. 2003). "Magnetars". Sci. Am. (288N2): 24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038%2fscientificamerican0203-34. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
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- ^ Tuchin, Kirill (2013). "Particle production in strong electromagnetic fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions". Adv. High Energy Phys. 2013: 490495. doi:10.1155/2013/490495. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
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: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Bzdak, Adam; Skokov, Vladimir (3/29/2012). "Event-by-event fluctuations of magnetic and electric fields in heavy ion collisions". Physical Letters B. 710 (1): 171–174. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.02.065. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
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