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The New Horizons research team has published a [http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20200213 series of articles] that they claim revise our understanding of planetary formation. This is based on the findings of the New Horizons space probe, in particular the flyby of [[Arrokoth]]. As a non-expert, I can't comment on exactly what that means, or on how far we are from a consensus. But it seems to be a glaring omission that this isn't even mentioned here. I would expect a brief summary of the new results in this article, with more details in the [[Accretion_(astrophysics)|accretion article]]. Can someone please fix that? [[User:StormWillLaugh|StormWillLaugh]] ([[User talk:StormWillLaugh|talk]]) 12:49, 2 March 2020 (UTC)
The New Horizons research team has published a [http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20200213 series of articles] that they claim revise our understanding of planetary formation. This is based on the findings of the New Horizons space probe, in particular the flyby of [[Arrokoth]]. As a non-expert, I can't comment on exactly what that means, or on how far we are from a consensus. But it seems to be a glaring omission that this isn't even mentioned here. I would expect a brief summary of the new results in this article, with more details in the [[Accretion_(astrophysics)|accretion article]]. Can someone please fix that? [[User:StormWillLaugh|StormWillLaugh]] ([[User talk:StormWillLaugh|talk]]) 12:49, 2 March 2020 (UTC)

== The Age of the Earth can be calculated from the rate that Moon moves away from the Earth, and there is more. ==

The Moon gradually spirals away from the Earth and the Earth - Moon Barycenter. It is based on a triple equality where the change in the distance divided by the distance is proportional to the change in the time divided by the time and is proportional to the change in the mass divide by the mass. This actually gives a number that is twice the age of the Earth, as the Earth is the older, and, more dominate member of the Earth - Moon pair. The annual change in the system is one part in 9.0888 E 9. Dividing this number by 2 gives an Earth Age of 4544.4 million years.

Planets that are younger than the Earth, are smaller in radius or diameter, and Planets that are older than the Earth are larger in diameter.
Most of the planets, and dwarf planets are in size groupings of 2 to 8 per group. Planets grow in cycles that are 186.598 million years per cycle. It is easier to use 186.6 for approximations. The Earth uses a base number of 1.003 453 602, and its current radius in meters can be approximated by taking the base and raise it to the elapsed time. That is 1.003 453 602 ^ 4544.4 = 6,372,547.079 meters. Or if you are the picky type: 1.003 453 602 ^ 4544.395 = 6,372,437.228 meter radius. This is close to the Volumetric Mean Radius 6,371.0 Km. The Earth is
about 24.354 Net Galactic Rotational Cycles old. that is 24.354 X 186.598 = 4544.4077 million years old. The Growth cycle, and the Extinction cycle are very close to the same: 66.043 Ma, 252.641, 439.239, 625.837,..... etc.

So if you want to know which cycle any planet, that is spherical, came from, you start at 19.354, and proceed up to 31.354 for the Sun.
There are "sphericals " at 19.354, 20.354, 21.354, 22.354, 23.354, 24.354, 26.354, 27.354, and 31.354 Net GRC's. The Planets are missing at 25.354 ( Asteroid Belt, and the late Heavy bombardment ? ). Unfortunately the base gets smaller as you go back in time, and the base gets bigger as you move forward in time. The equation is referenced from Earth, and minus goes to younger, smaller planets, and plus is used for larger, older, planets, and the Sun. The equation is ( 1.003 453 602 -/+ 0.000 000 024 X delta t ) ^ AGE. For the Age, you subtract 186.598 million years per cycle, for smaller planets, and, you add 186.598 million years per cycle to estimate the size of larger planets. It works well for smaller planets, but the Gas Giants over estimate the age by up a hundred million years for Jupiter, but they are very close to the cycle for the Sun. This means the Gas Giants are actually thickly Gas enveloped rocky planets. The Earth will grow into a small Gas Giant some time in the next two Net Galactic Rotational Cycles Like Neptune, and Uranus.

The Growth rate is good reason why the Earth did not have large life forms until it was this side of 625.837 Ma. Large Life forms only have been on Earth for the last 2.354 Net GRC's out of 24.354 GRC's. That is less than 9.7 % of the total Earth elapsed time.

For those who like calculations, use Both Wikipedia, and NASA Planet Fact Sheets to obtain data for about 26 to 30 planets. You should notice the patterns of growth if you group them by radius. Mike Clark, Golden, Colorado. [[Special:Contributions/98.245.216.62|98.245.216.62]] ([[User talk:98.245.216.62|talk]]) 19:45, 12 September 2020 (UTC)

Revision as of 19:45, 12 September 2020

Featured articleFormation and evolution of the Solar System is a featured article; it (or a previous version of it) has been identified as one of the best articles produced by the Wikipedia community. Even so, if you can update or improve it, please do so.
Featured topic starFormation and evolution of the Solar System is part of the Solar System series, a featured topic. This is identified as among the best series of articles produced by the Wikipedia community. If you can update or improve it, please do so.
Main Page trophyThis article appeared on Wikipedia's Main Page as Today's featured article on June 7, 2008.
Article milestones
DateProcessResult
February 1, 2008Good article nomineeNot listed
April 17, 2008Good article nomineeListed
May 4, 2008Peer reviewReviewed
May 19, 2008Featured article candidatePromoted
June 2, 2008Featured topic candidatePromoted
Current status: Featured article

Template:Vital article

Angular Momentum in Pre-Solar Nebula

The article doesn't explain what caused the initial angular momentum in the pre-solar nebula. If gravity was the only force acting in the early stages of solar system formation, wouldn't material in the proto-cloud simply have flowed inward toward an expanding gravitational center? Virgil H. Soule (talk) 17:59, 21 August 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Only if the pre-solar nebula were perfectly still and collapsed directly. However, there are random motions in any star forming cloud (they're highly turbulent beasts) which means the gas has angular momentum when compared to the gravitational center. Just a little bit of random motion a large distance from the gravitational center is a lot of angular momentum. I'm not sure how or where this should go into the article, and I don't have an immediate ref, though one should be pretty easy to find. —Alex (ASHill | talk | contribs) 00:15, 22 August 2012 (UTC)[reply]
It does not explain what caused the initial angular momentum in the pre-solar nebula because they do not want to bring attention to the falsification of their model with basic physics. If there is angular momentum (and there is a hell of a lot of it in the objects that orbit the Sun), then how exactly is the angular momentum mostly in Jupiter and Saturn, and the mass mostly in the Sun? If any spinning disk model or theory of solar system formation were correct, then the Sun should possess the most angular momentum and the outer objects should possess very little, but we observe the complete opposite of this. Angular momentum is a conserved quantity, you don't just put the majority of the angular momentum in Jupiter and Saturn, but that is exactly what is observed. Astronomers want to ignore this problem because it is very simple and destroys the disk models and all the variants. Not only that, but there are other problems that are also ignored. The spinning disk models and theories are basically zombies. They are dead, but still walking around, infecting the minds of unsuspecting students at University and wikipedia readers who don't know any better.Trilliant (talk) 02:06, 17 May 2017 (UTC)[reply]

Error?

"Eventually, after trillions more years, the Sun will finally cease to shine altogether, becoming a black dwarf." Seriously after trillions of years? --Hartz (talk) 05:58, 29 October 2012 (UTC)[reply]

True. Forgot to change that after the new reference. Serendipodous 07:05, 29 October 2012 (UTC)[reply]

end of water on Earth

We say, "In one billion years' time, as the Sun's radiation output increases, its circumstellar habitable zone will move outwards, making the Earth's surface too hot for liquid water to exist there naturally. At this point, all life on land will become extinct. Evaporation of water, a potent greenhouse gas, from the oceans' surface could accelerate temperature increase, potentially ending all life on Earth even sooner."

From what I understand, that's not what we think will happen. In about a tenth that time, the increasing solar output will increase the height of water vapor in the atmosphere until it reaches the stratosphere, where it will dissociate and the hydrogen will be lost to space. In another 100My the oceans will be gone. Earth will thus loose its water long before surface temperatures would otherwise be too great for liquid water. — kwami (talk) 16:03, 3 October 2013 (UTC)[reply]

if that's true, a source would be really helpful. Most of the sources I have read say that the threat to life in hte next gyr is not ocean depletion, but CO2 starvation. Serendipodous 17:16, 3 October 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Early composition quibble

Isn't this statement in the article is a little off the mark: "The composition of this region with a mass just over that of the Sun was about the same as that of the Sun today..."?

A Wikipedia article on the sun says the sun in its lifetime has converted about 100 earth masses to energy. Solar nuclear reactions only convert about 0.7% of hydrogen mass to energy, so this means 14,000 earth masses worth of hydrogen have been fused to helium. The total mass of the sun is 333,000 earths, so during its 4.7 billion years as a main sequence star the sun must have converted 4.2% = (14,000/333,000) of its total mass from hydrogen to helium.

Don Fulton 

 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.61.212.124 (talk) 20:42, 2 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]
The conversion takes place in the core and the Sun is not mixed except the outer atmosphere (a few percent of the total mass). Thus, the spectroscopically determined composition of the Sun should be that of the lokal nebula, except for radioactive decay. --Rainald62 (talk) 21:50, 27 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Nice model

The third paragraph states that "The position of the planets often shifted, and planets have switched places". However nowhere in the reference used (Gomes et al. 2005) is planetary orbit switching mentioned. What IS mentioned is that orbital periods of Jupiter and Saturn crossed their mean mean motion resonance (MMR) ratio of 1:2. Figure 2 of Gomes et al. (2005) indicates that at no point during the period responsible for the Late Heavy Bombardment did the orbits of the four outer planets switch <2>. If the orbits were changed during this chaotic period, then the authors must cite the correct reference.— Preceding unsigned comment added by Steven Corder (talk • contribs) 11:46, 26 August 2014‎ (UTC)[reply]

Redirection? Nothing's there!

Did you try taking a look at where it's now redirecting? A section here: I tried both reading through and searching on the entire page (CtrlF) - nothing EXPLAINING the concept or whatever which is at least definitely referrable. So you know what? Let's just make THIS a normal article: if somebody has something to say, or drop me a template if you have a good source or two — let us start it any way!.. Lincoln J. (talk) 11:59, 19 October 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Based on Lincoln J.'s editing history, I'm guessing that this might have something to do with this edit from 2008 in which Serendipodous turned Early bombardment phase into a redirect to Formation and evolution of the Solar System#Terrestrial planets. Apparently, the connection between these two is unclear and Lincoln J. would like to re-start the Early bombardment phase article. This could be a good idea if high quality sources are found. Alternatively, the Terrestrial planets section in this article could be edited to make the connection between it and the early bombardment phase clearer. What do others think? --Dodi 8238 (talk) 12:27, 19 October 2015 (UTC) [edited 16:06, 19 October 2015 (UTC)][reply]

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Sun's beginning

In several places this article equates the "beginning" of the sun with the onset of nuclear fusion, which is also when it enters the main sequence. However, as far as I know, the official beginning of a star, including our sun, is when it transitions from a Protostar to a Pre-main-sequence star. Zyxwv99 (talk) 23:37, 19 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]

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Problem with table

At the end of the article, the second-to-last event listed says the sun will cool to 5K in a quadrillion years, then to 9K in several quadrillion years. Obviously this is a mistake since the sun would not heat back up several K after the passage of that much time.

Bomb319 (talk) 13:55, 12 February 2017 (UTC)[reply]

There is another problem, 4.6 billion years - 10 billion years is not 4.6 billion years, it is 4.59 billion years — Preceding unsigned comment added by V620 Cephei (talk • contribs) 20:00, 8 May 2017 (UTC)[reply]

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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion

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Age of the nebula

I would guess that there is evidence constraining the duration between the SN seeding short-lived nuclides and the formation of the first minerals (dated 4.5682 Ga). --Rainald62 (talk) 22:01, 27 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Saturn's rings

I just noticed the paragraph beginning with "Prior to the 2004 arrival of the Cassini–Huygens spacecraft, the rings of Saturn were widely thought to be much younger..." - isn't the opposite true? A simple Google search suggests that Cassini revealed the rings are actually surprisingly young. Any thoughts? Dayshade (talk) 02:41, 13 April 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Incorporate New Horizons findings

The New Horizons research team has published a series of articles that they claim revise our understanding of planetary formation. This is based on the findings of the New Horizons space probe, in particular the flyby of Arrokoth. As a non-expert, I can't comment on exactly what that means, or on how far we are from a consensus. But it seems to be a glaring omission that this isn't even mentioned here. I would expect a brief summary of the new results in this article, with more details in the accretion article. Can someone please fix that? StormWillLaugh (talk) 12:49, 2 March 2020 (UTC)[reply]

The Age of the Earth can be calculated from the rate that Moon moves away from the Earth, and there is more.

The Moon gradually spirals away from the Earth and the Earth - Moon Barycenter. It is based on a triple equality where the change in the distance divided by the distance is proportional to the change in the time divided by the time and is proportional to the change in the mass divide by the mass. This actually gives a number that is twice the age of the Earth, as the Earth is the older, and, more dominate member of the Earth - Moon pair. The annual change in the system is one part in 9.0888 E 9. Dividing this number by 2 gives an Earth Age of 4544.4 million years.

Planets that are younger than the Earth, are smaller in radius or diameter, and Planets that are older than the Earth are larger in diameter. Most of the planets, and dwarf planets are in size groupings of 2 to 8 per group. Planets grow in cycles that are 186.598 million years per cycle. It is easier to use 186.6 for approximations. The Earth uses a base number of 1.003 453 602, and its current radius in meters can be approximated by taking the base and raise it to the elapsed time. That is 1.003 453 602 ^ 4544.4 = 6,372,547.079 meters. Or if you are the picky type: 1.003 453 602 ^ 4544.395 = 6,372,437.228 meter radius. This is close to the Volumetric Mean Radius 6,371.0 Km. The Earth is about 24.354 Net Galactic Rotational Cycles old. that is 24.354 X 186.598 = 4544.4077 million years old. The Growth cycle, and the Extinction cycle are very close to the same: 66.043 Ma, 252.641, 439.239, 625.837,..... etc.

So if you want to know which cycle any planet, that is spherical, came from, you start at 19.354, and proceed up to 31.354 for the Sun. There are "sphericals " at 19.354, 20.354, 21.354, 22.354, 23.354, 24.354, 26.354, 27.354, and 31.354 Net GRC's. The Planets are missing at 25.354 ( Asteroid Belt, and the late Heavy bombardment ? ). Unfortunately the base gets smaller as you go back in time, and the base gets bigger as you move forward in time. The equation is referenced from Earth, and minus goes to younger, smaller planets, and plus is used for larger, older, planets, and the Sun. The equation is ( 1.003 453 602 -/+ 0.000 000 024 X delta t ) ^ AGE. For the Age, you subtract 186.598 million years per cycle, for smaller planets, and, you add 186.598 million years per cycle to estimate the size of larger planets. It works well for smaller planets, but the Gas Giants over estimate the age by up a hundred million years for Jupiter, but they are very close to the cycle for the Sun. This means the Gas Giants are actually thickly Gas enveloped rocky planets. The Earth will grow into a small Gas Giant some time in the next two Net Galactic Rotational Cycles Like Neptune, and Uranus.

The Growth rate is good reason why the Earth did not have large life forms until it was this side of 625.837 Ma. Large Life forms only have been on Earth for the last 2.354 Net GRC's out of 24.354 GRC's. That is less than 9.7 % of the total Earth elapsed time.

For those who like calculations, use Both Wikipedia, and NASA Planet Fact Sheets to obtain data for about 26 to 30 planets. You should notice the patterns of growth if you group them by radius. Mike Clark, Golden, Colorado. 98.245.216.62 (talk) 19:45, 12 September 2020 (UTC)[reply]

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