List of United Kingdom by-elections (2010–present)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/UK_By-elections.png/440px-UK_By-elections.png)
This is a list of parliamentary by-elections in the United Kingdom since 2010, with the names of the incumbent and victor and their respective parties. Where seats changed political party at the election, the result is highlighted: blue for a Conservative gain, red for a Labour gain, orange for a Liberal Democrat gain, purple for a UK Independence Party gain and grey for any other gain.
As of July 2021[update], a total of 40 by-elections has been held in this period. The first was held in January 2011 and the most recent in July 2021.
Process of resignation from the House of Commons
Where the cause of by-election is given as "resignation" or "seeks re-election", this indicates that the incumbent was appointed on his or her own request to an "office of profit under the Crown", either the Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds or the Steward of the Manor of Northstead. Accepting an office of profit under the Crown vacates the member's seat.[1] This process is used because members of the House of Commons are not technically permitted to resign. A member who vacates their seat in this manner may stand for re-election.
By-elections
2019–present Parliament
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Southend West | 2022 | David Amess
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Death (stabbing attack).[2] | ||||
North Shropshire | 16 December 2021 | Owen Paterson
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Resignation after having been found to have broken lobbying rules.[3][4] | ||||
Old Bexley and Sidcup | 2 December 2021[5] | James Brokenshire
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Louie French
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Death (cancer).[6] | ||
Batley and Spen | 1 July 2021[7] | Tracy Brabin
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Kim Leadbeater
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Resignation after being elected as Mayor of West Yorkshire. | ||
Chesham and Amersham | 17 June 2021[8] | Cheryl Gillan
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Sarah Green
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FAA61A;" data-sort-value="Liberal Democrats (UK)" | |
Liberal Democrats | Death (cancer).[9] | ||
Airdrie and Shotts | 13 May 2021[10] | Neil Gray
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FDF38E;" data-sort-value="Scottish National Party" | |
SNP | Anum Qaisar-Javed
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FDF38E;" data-sort-value="Scottish National Party" | |
SNP | Resignation to contest the seat of Airdrie and Shotts in the Scottish Parliament. | ||
Hartlepool | 6 May 2021[11] | Mike Hill
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Jill Mortimer
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Resignation following allegations of sexual harassment and victimisation.[12][13] |
2017–2019 Parliament
There were five by-elections in the 2017–2019 Parliament, which was the smallest number since the six month parliament that sat between the two general elections in 1974. Three were in seats held by Labour, one by the governing Conservatives and one by Sinn Féin, who do not take up their seats in the House of Commons. Four by-elections were won by the incumbent party and Liberal Democrats won a seat from Conservatives. One by-election was a result of the death of the incumbent MP, who represented Labour. Two by-elections were the result of recall petitions via the provisions of the Recall of MPs Act 2015, the first such in the country.
At the dissolution of Parliament in 2019 there were two vacancies: Bassetlaw and Buckingham, caused by the resignations of Labour member John Mann and the Speaker John Bercow. With the close proximity of the 2019 general election, by-elections were not called for these seats. Buckingham was regained by the Conservatives, the party Bercow had represented before he took up the position, and the Conservatives also won Bassetlaw from Labour.
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brecon and Radnorshire | 1 August 2019[a] | Chris Davies
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Jane Dodds
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FAA61A;" data-sort-value="Liberal Democrats (UK)" | |
Liberal Democrats | Successful recall petition via the provisions of the Recall of MPs Act 2015, after Davies' conviction for false expenses claims, pursuant to the Parliamentary Standards Act 2009.[14][15] | ||
Peterborough | 6 June 2019 | Fiona Onasanya
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Lisa Forbes
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Successful recall petition via the provisions of the Recall of MPs Act 2015, after Onasanya's conviction for perverting the course of justice, in relation to a motoring offence.[16][17] | ||
Newport West | 4 April 2019 | Paul Flynn
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Ruth Jones | Labour | Death (long illness).[18][19] | ||
Lewisham East | 14 June 2018 | Heidi Alexander
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Janet Daby
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Resignation on appointment as Deputy Mayor of London.[20][21] | ||
West Tyrone | 3 May 2018 | Barry McElduff
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | |
Sinn Féin | Órfhlaith Begley
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | |
Sinn Féin | Resignation after a social media post he made caused controversy.[22][23] |
2015–2017 Parliament
There were 10 by-elections in the 2015–2017 Parliament (with a planned by-election in Manchester Gorton cancelled when the 2017 general election was called). Seven were in seats held by Labour, and three by the governing Conservatives. Eight by-elections were won by the incumbent party, the Conservatives won a seat from Labour and lost one to the Liberal Democrats. Three by-elections were a result of the death of the incumbent MPs, all of whom represented Labour.
At the dissolution of Parliament in 2017 there was one vacancy: Manchester Gorton, caused by the death of its Labour member Gerald Kaufman.[24] With the close proximity of the 2017 general election on 8 June, the by-election previously called for 4 May had its writ cancelled by the House of Commons.[25] All but two of the candidates nominated for the by-election then stood at the General Election, and the seat was held by Labour.
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stoke-on-Trent Central | 23 February 2017[26] | Tristram Hunt
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Gareth Snell
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Resignation to take up his new role as head of the Victoria and Albert Museum.[27] | ||
Copeland[b] | 23 February 2017[26] | Jamie Reed
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Trudy Harrison
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Resignation to take up his new role in the nuclear power industry.[28] | ||
Sleaford and North Hykeham | 8 December 2016[29] | Stephen Phillips
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Caroline Johnson
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Resignation citing irreconcilable differences with the government.[30] | ||
Richmond Park[a] | 1 December 2016[31] | Zac Goldsmith
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Sarah Olney | Liberal Democrats | Sought reelection as an Independent in opposition to the government's decision on the expansion of Heathrow Airport.[32] | ||
Witney | 20 October 2016 | David Cameron
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Robert Courts
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Resignation as an MP two months after resigning as Prime Minister and Leader of Conservative Party.[33] | ||
Batley and Spen | 20 October 2016 | Jo Cox
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Tracy Brabin
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Death (murder).[34] | ||
Tooting | 16 June 2016 | Sadiq Khan
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Rosena Allin-Khan
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Resignation upon his election as Mayor of London.[35] | ||
Ogmore | 5 May 2016 | Huw Irranca-Davies
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Christopher Elmore[36]
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Resignation to contest the Welsh Assembly election.[37] | ||
Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough | 5 May 2016 | Harry Harpham
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Gill Furniss[38]
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Death (cancer).[39] | ||
Oldham West and Royton | 3 December 2015 | Michael Meacher
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Jim McMahon
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Death (short illness).[40] |
2010–2015 Parliament
There were 21 by-elections in the 2010–2015 Parliament. 14 were in seats held by Labour, four by the governing Conservatives, one by their coalition partners the Liberal Democrats and two by Sinn Féin, who do not take up their seats in the House of Commons. 17 by-elections were won by the incumbent party, Labour won a seat from the Conservatives and lost one to Respect, while UKIP gained two seats from the Conservatives after the incumbent MPs defected to the party and were re-elected. Six by-elections were a result of the death of the incumbent MPs, all of whom represented Labour. All six of those by-elections were also won by Labour.
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rochester and Strood[a] | 20 November 2014 | Mark Reckless
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Mark Reckless
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6D3177;" data-sort-value="UKIP" | |
UKIP | Sought re-election upon change of party allegiance[41] | ||
Heywood and Middleton | 9 October 2014[42] | Jim Dobbin
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Liz McInnes
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Death (acute alcohol toxicity with food aspiration)[43] | ||
Clacton[b] | 9 October 2014[44] | Douglas Carswell
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Douglas Carswell
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6D3177;" data-sort-value="UKIP" | |
UKIP | Sought re-election upon change of party allegiance[45] | ||
Newark | 5 June 2014[46] | Patrick Mercer
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Robert Jenrick
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Resignation (following recommendation from the Standards Committee that he be suspended for six months for breach of the paid advocacy rule)[47] | ||
Wythenshawe and Sale East | 13 February 2014[48] | Paul Goggins
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Mike Kane
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Death (stroke/haemorrhage)[49] | ||
South Shields | 2 May 2013 | David Miliband
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Emma Lewell-Buck
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Resignation to join International Rescue Committee[50] | ||
Mid Ulster | 7 March 2013 | Martin McGuinness
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | |
Sinn Féin | Francie Molloy
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | |
Sinn Féin | Resignation to end 'double-jobbing' as Member of Parliament and Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly[51] | ||
Eastleigh | 28 February 2013 | Chris Huhne
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FAA61A;" data-sort-value="Liberal Democrats (UK)" | |
Liberal Democrats | Mike Thornton
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FAA61A;" data-sort-value="Liberal Democrats (UK)" | |
Liberal Democrats | Resignation following pleading guilty to perverting the course of justice[52] | ||
Croydon North | 29 November 2012 | Malcolm Wicks
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Steve Reed
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Death (cancer)[53][54] | ||
Middlesbrough | 29 November 2012 | Stuart Bell
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Andy McDonald
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Death (cancer)[55] | ||
Rotherham | 29 November 2012 | Denis MacShane
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Sarah Champion[56]
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Resignation (following recommendation from the Standards and Privileges Committee that he be suspended for 12 months for submitting false expenses invoices stemming from the United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal)[57] | ||
Cardiff South and Penarth | 15 November 2012 | Alun Michael
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Stephen Doughty
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Resignation to contest South Wales Police and Crime Commissioner election[58][59] | ||
Corby[a] | 15 November 2012[60] | Louise Mensch
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | |
Conservative | Andy Sawford
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Resignation for family reasons[61] | ||
Manchester Central | 15 November 2012 | Tony Lloyd
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Lucy Powell
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Resignation to contest Greater Manchester Police and Crime Commissioner election[62] | ||
Bradford West[a] | 29 March 2012 | Marsha Singh
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | George Galloway
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #46801c;" data-sort-value="Respect Party" | |
Respect | Resignation (serious health problems)[63] | ||
Feltham and Heston | 15 December 2011 | Alan Keen
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Seema Malhotra
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Death (cancer)[64] | ||
Inverclyde | 30 June 2011[65] | David Cairns
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Iain McKenzie
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Death (pancreatitis) | ||
Belfast West | 9 June 2011[66] | Gerry Adams
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | |
Sinn Féin | Paul Maskey
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | |
Sinn Féin | Resignation (to contest the Louth constituency in the Irish general election)[67] | ||
Leicester South | 5 May 2011 | Peter Soulsby
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Jon Ashworth
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Resignation (to contest the mayoralty of Leicester)[68] | ||
Barnsley Central | 3 March 2011[69] | Eric Illsley
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour[70] | Dan Jarvis
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Resignation (pleaded guilty to charges of false accounting stemming from the United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal)[71] | ||
Oldham East and Saddleworth | 13 January 2011 | Phil Woolas
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Debbie Abrahams
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | |
Labour | Void election; reported personally guilty of false statements of fact concerning a candidate.[72] |
Notes
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