Mary Katharine Goddard
Mary Katharine Gawdard | |
---|---|
Born | Connecticut | June 16, 1738
Died | August 12, 1816 | (aged 78)
Nationality | American |
Occupation(s) | Postmaster, publisher, book seller |
Known for | First to print the United States Declaration of Independence with the names of the signatories. |
Notable work | The Goddard Broadside |
Parents |
|
Relatives | William Goddard (brother) |
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Early life
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Printing career
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In 1775, Mary Katharine Goddard became postmaster of the Baltimore post office. She also ran a book store and published an almanac in offices located around 250 Market Street (now East Baltimore Street, near South Street). During the American Revolution, Goddard opposed the Stamp Act vehemently, recognizing it would increase the cost of printing.[1]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Goddard_broadside.jpg/220px-Goddard_broadside.jpg)
When on January 18, 1777, the Second Continental Congress moved that the Declaration of Independence be widely distributed, Goddard was one of the first to offer the use of her press. This was in spite of the risks of being associated with what was considered a treasonable document by the British. Her copy, the Goddard Broadside, was the second printed, and the first to contain the typeset names of the signatories, including John Hancock.[2]
Postmaster
Goddard was a successful postmaster for 14 years, from 1775 to 1789. In 1789, however, she was removed from the position by Postmaster General Samuel Osgood despite general protest from the Baltimore community. Osgood asserted that the position required "more traveling ... than a woman could undertake" and appointed a political ally of his to replace her.[3]
Goddard generally did not take part in public controversies, preferring to maintain editorial objectivity; therefore, few articles contain her personal opinions, and her defense was not mounted publicly. On November 12, 1789, over 230 citizens of Baltimore, including more than 200 leading businessmen, presented a petition demanding her reinstatement, which was unsuccessful.[4]
Later life
Goddard remained in Baltimore after her dismissal as Postmaster. She continued to run, until 1809 or 1810, a bookshop that had previously been an adjunct to her printing business, and sold books, stationery, and dry goods.[5] Goddard died August 12, 1816, still beloved by her community, and was buried in the graveyard of the St. Paul’s Parish.[6]
See also
References
- ^ Yost 1961, pp. 35–36.
- ^ Boonshoft, Mark (June 29, 2016). "Mary Katherine Goddard's Declaration of Independence". New York Public Library. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ^ Kratz, Jessica (January 29, 2015). "Changing the Boundaries: Women at Work in the Government". Pieces of History. U.S. National Archives. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
- ^ George, Christopher T. "Mary Katherine Goddard and Freedom of the Press". baltimoremd.com. Our Urban Heritage. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
MSA.maryland
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Mary Katherine Goddard (1738–1816)". National Postal Museum. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
Sources
- Yost, Edna (1961). Famous American pioneering women. New York: Dodd, Mead. OCLC 1244721479 – via Internet Archive.
Further reading
- Appleby, Joyce; Cheng, Eileen K; Goodwin, Joanne L (2015) [2002]. Encyclopedia of Women in American history. Vol. 1. London: Routledge. pp. 81, 111. ISBN 978-1-317-47161-5. OCLC 914166087.
- James, Edward; James, Janet Wilson; Boyer, Paul S (1971). Notable American women, 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 55–57. ISBN 978-1-84972-271-1. OCLC 221275644 – via Internet Archive.
- Claghorn, Charles E. (1991). Women Patriots of the American Revolution: A Biographical Dictionary. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. pp. 87–88. ISBN 978-0-8108-2421-8. OCLC 23655333 – via Internet Archive.
- Grundset, Eric; Diaz, Briana L; Gentry, Hollis L (2011). America's Women in the Revolutionary Era : A History through Bibliography. Washington, DC: National Society Daughters of the American Revolution. ISBN 978-1-892237-12-5. OCLC 741500716.
- Schwartz, Ella (2022) [2021]. Her Name was Mary Katharine: The Only Woman whose Name is on the Declaration of Independence. Phumiruk, Dow (illustrator). New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-29832-2. OCLC 1252736610. For juvenile audience
- Trickey, Erick (November 14, 2018). "Mary Katharine Goddard, the Woman who Signed the Declaration of Independence". History. Smithsonian Magazine.
- Weatherford, Doris (2004). A History of Women in the United States: State-by-State Reference. Danbury, CT: Grolier Academic Reference. ISBN 978-0-7172-5805-5. OCLC 52631499. [volume needed][page needed]
- Young, Christopher J. (Spring 2001). "Mary K. Goddard: A Classical Republican in a Revolutionary Age" (PDF). Maryland Historical Magazine. 96 (1). Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society: 5–27. ISSN 0025-4258. OCLC 468826279 – via Maryland Center for History and Culture.
- Young, Christopher J. (Summer 2001). "'That Eye Is Now Dim and Closed For Ever': The Purported Image of Mary K. Goddard" (PDF). Maryland Historical Magazine. 96 (2). Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society: 221–225. ISSN 0025-4258. OCLC 468826300 – via Maryland Center for History and Culture.
- Young, Christopher J. (Fall 2011). "The 'Goddard Broadside': Mary K. Goddard's Printing of the Declaration of Independence". Maryland Historical Society News. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society: 26–27. OCLC 50636467.
- 1738 births
- 1816 deaths
- 18th-century American businesswomen
- 18th-century American businesspeople
- 18th-century American newspaper publishers (people)
- American printers
- American publishers (people)
- Businesspeople from Baltimore
- Maryland postmasters
- People of Maryland in the American Revolution
- People of colonial Connecticut
- People of colonial Maryland
- Women in the American Revolution
- Women printers