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Sixth National Government of New Zealand

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Sixth National Government

Ministries of New Zealand
2023–present
Ministers pictured with the Governor-General after their swearing-in, 27 November 2023[a]
Date formed27 November 2023
People and organisations
MonarchCharles III
Governor-General
Prime MinisterChristopher Luxon
Deputy Prime MinisterWinston Peters (until 31 May 2025)
David Seymour (from 31 May 2025)
Member parties
  •   New Zealand National Party
  •   ACT New Zealand
  •   New Zealand First
Status in legislatureMajority (coalition)
68 / 123 (55%)




Opposition parties
Opposition leader
History
Election2023
Legislature term54th Parliament
PredecessorSixth Labour Government of New Zealand

The Sixth National Government is a coalition government comprising the National Party, ACT Party and New Zealand First that has governed New Zealand since November 2023. The government is headed by Christopher Luxon, the National Party leader and prime minister.

Following the 2023 general election on 14 October 2023, coalition negotiations between the three parties ended on 24 November,[1] and the new government was sworn into office by the Governor-General on 27 November.[2]

The coalition government has agreed to a select committee with the possibility of amending the Treaty of Waitangi legislation, affirm local referendums on Māori wards, and prioritise English over te reo Māori in Government departments. On broader issues, the government's plan includes restoring interest deductibility for rental properties, changes in housing policies, infrastructure investment, conservative law and justice reforms, and tax cuts.

Background

2023 general election

Main article: 2023 New Zealand general election

In the 2023 general election held on 14 October, the National Party defeated the incumbent Labour Party,[3][4] winning 48 seats and 38.1% of the popular vote.[5] Labour won 27% of the popular with its share of parliamentary seats dropping from 64 to 34. Prime Minister and Labour leader Chris Hipkins conceded the election and congratulated National Party leader Christopher Luxon.[4]

Coalition negotiations

Following the 2023 general election, National entered into coalition negotiations with both the libertarian ACT New Zealand and populist New Zealand First parties.[6][7] Luxon stated that he would be conducting these negotiations privately and would not confirm how his stance on policies such as ACT's referendum on co-governance.[6] University of Otago law professor Andrew Geddis speculated that National's coalition talks with ACT would be influenced by NZ First leader Winston Peters' demands and history of playing a "kingmaker" role in previous elections. Peters had also publicly criticised several National and ACT policies during the 2023 election campaign including National's proposal to ease the ban on foreign home purchases, tax cuts, agricultural emissions pricing, proposal to raise the retirement age from 65 to 67, and ACT's proposal to slash government expenditure and public service jobs.[7]

Coalition talks between the three parties could also be influenced by close results in several marginal seats including Te Atatū, Banks Peninsula, Nelson, Tāmaki Makaurau, and Te Tai Tokerau.[8] Nicola Willis is expected to be Finance Minister.[9] Following the release of final results on 3 November, National's parliamentary representation dropped from 50 to 48 seats. Since National and ACT did not meet the 62 seat threshold needed to form a government, a prospective National-led government would need New Zealand First to form the next government.[5]

On 8 November, ACT and NZ First made first contact in their coalition talks with National during a meeting between ACT's chief of staff Andrew Ketels and NZ First's chief of staff Darroch Ball. This introductory meeting was meant "to establish a line of communication" between the two parties. In addition, Luxon, Peters alongside senior colleagues and chiefs of staff from both National and NZ First held talks in Wellington that same week. Peters' negotiation team included Ball and fellow NZ First MP Shane Jones while National's negotiation team included Chris Bishop.[10] Following the release of final results, Seymour had attempted to contact Peters via text message but the NZ First leader had dismissed it as a scam.[11] On 9 November, Seymour expressed hope that coalition negotiations and government formation would be completed before an upcoming APEC meeting in mid-November 2023.[12] That same day, Peters criticised a law change by the previous Labour Government allowing voters to register on election day for delaying the Electoral Commission's publication of final results by one week. Peters had previously supported the law change in 2020.[13]

The ACT party has proposed a referendum on the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, something that gained media attention during the 2023 New Zealand general election campaign.[14][15][16][17][18] The referendum is a negotiation issue for the incoming government. However the referendum idea drew criticism from Green Party co-leader James Shaw, Labour MP Willie Jackson, and former Prime Minister and National MP Jim Bolger, who expressed concerns that it would antagonise Māori people and provoke violence.[19][20][21]

In addition, NZ First and ACT have both expressed disagreement with National's proposed 15% tax on foreign house buyers, a key component of its tax policy which is estimated to raise NZ$740 million a year.[22]

On 13 November, Luxon said it was unlikely he would go to the 2023 APEC summit in the United States due to prioritising a government coalition.[23] Instead, the outgoing Trade Minister Damien O'Connor represented New Zealand at the 2023 APEC summit.[24]

On 15 November, Luxon, Seymour and Peters met at Pullman Hotel's boardroom in Auckland. It was the first time the three leaders had met in person since the election.[25][26]

On 20 November, Luxon confirmed that National had reached an agreement on policy positions with ACT and New Zealand First. In response to Luxon's announcement, Peters stated that it was an "assumption" to state that a policy agreement had been reached.[27][28] In addition, Seymour said "that Luxon had maybe had too many Weet-Bix that day." Seymour also opined that ACT as the second largest party in the coalition should hold the position of Deputy Prime Minister and have more ministerial portfolios than NZ First.[29] That same day, the three parties entered into talks about allocating cabinet ministerial positions.[28][29] On 21 November, Luxon met with Seymour to discuss ministerial portfolios.[30]

Coalition agreement

Coalition negotiations between the three parties concluded on the afternoon of 23 November. That same day Luxon, Seymour and Peters met in Wellington to finalise the agreement between National, ACT, and NZ First. Later that night, Luxon informed Governor-General Cindy Kiro that he had the numbers to form the incoming government. On the morning of 24 November, the leaders of the three parties signed the coalition agreement, which was subsequently released to the public.[31][32] Seymour welcomed the coalition deal and told The New Zealand Herald that the Government would announce a 100-day plan that could include repealing some legislation passed by the outgoing Labour government.[31]

The terms of National's two coalition agreements with NZ First and ACT were unveiled on 24 November 2023.[33] As part of National's agreement with NZ First, National would no longer proceed with its proposed foreign buyer tax but would instead fund tax cuts via reprioritisation and other forms of revenue gathering. The Government would also adopt ACT's policies of restoring interest deductibility for rental properties and pet bonds. In addition to adopting National's youth crime and gang policies, the new Government would adopt ACT's policies of rewriting firearms legislation and NZ First's policy of training 500 new Police officers. The new Government would also scrap the previous Labour Government's fair pay agreements, proposed hate speech legislation, co-governance policies, Auckland light rail, Three Waters reform programme, and Māori Health Authority. The Government would also establish a new regulatory agency answerable to Minister for Regulation Seymour that would review the quality of new and existing legislation. The Government would also adopt NZ First's policy of establishing $1.2 billon Regional Infrastructure Fund. In addition, fees-free tertiary education would be shifted from the first to last year of tertiary study.[33][34][35][36]

While the new Government would not support Act's proposed referendum on the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, the Government would introduce a Treaty Principles Act and amend exiting Treaty of Waitangi legislation to focus on the "original intent of the legislation."[35][37] The Government also adopted NZ First's policy of legislating the English language as an official language of New Zealand and requiring all government departments to use English in their communications and keep their primary name in English, except for those dealing with Māori people. The Government also adopted NZ First's policy of halting all work related to the He Puapua report and confirming that the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples has no legal basis in New Zealand law. The Government would also restore the right to local referendum on the establishment or ongoing use of Māori wards.[35][38][39] In addition, the new Government would adopt most of National's fiscal, taxation, 100-day and 100-point economic plans, with exceptions specified in the agreements with ACT and NZ First.[35]

As part of National's agreement with New Zealand First, the Government agreed to end all remaining COVID-19 vaccine mandates and to hold an independent inquiry into how the COVID-19 pandemic was handled in New Zealand. This proposed independent inquiry would be conducted publicly by local and international experts and is expected to examine the use of multiple lockdowns, vaccine procurement and efficacy, social and economic impacts on both national and regional levels, and whether decisions and actions taken by the Government were justified.[40][41] While the outgoing Labour Government had commissioned a Royal Commission of Inquiry into COVID-19 Lessons Learned, Peters claimed the inquiry's terms of reference were "too limited" during election campaigning. Luxon also stated that the Government supported broadening the inquiry's terms of reference.[41]

History

2023

The new government was formally sworn into office on 27 November 2023.[2] On 29 November, the Government announced its 100-day plan which would focus on implementing 49 economic, law and order, and public service policies. Notable economic policies have included introducing legislation to limit the Reserve Bank of New Zealand's mandate to combating inflation, cancelling various fuel taxes including the Auckland Regional Fuel Tax, repealing the Clean Car discount programme, reintroducing 90-day trials periods for all businesses, halting the Lake Onslow hydraulic scheme, and repealing the previous Labour Government's Water Services Entities Act 2022, Spatial Planning Act 2023 and Natural and Built Environment Act 2023. Notable law and order policies have included banning gang patches, preventing gang members from gathering in public and communicating with each other, ending taxpayer funding for Section 27 cultural reports, and extending rehabilitation programmes to remand prisoners. Notable public service policies have included beginning work on establishing a third medical school at the University of Waikato, banning cellphones in schools, testing new World Health Organization (WHO) regulations against a "national interest" test, and disestablishing Te Pukenga and the Māori Health Authority.[42]

On 7 December, Foreign Minister Winston Peters successfully moved a motion calling for a ceasefire in the 2023 Israel-Hamas conflict. The motion also condemned Hamas' terror attack on 7 October 2023, called for the release of all hostages, recognised Israel's right to defend itself in accordance with international law, and called for civilians to be protected from armed conflict. The government's motion also incorporated an amendment by Labour MP Phil Twyford calling for the establishment of a State of Palestine in accordance with a two-state solution. Peter's motion was criticised as being insufficient by Labour MP Damien O'Connor and Green Party MP Golriz Ghahraman.[43][44]

On 8 December, Minister of Transport Simeon Brown ordered Waka Kotahi (the New Zealand Transport Agency) to give primacy to its English name over its Māori name.[45] That same day, Tertiary Education Minister Penny Simmonds confirmed that the mega polytechnic Te Pūkenga (New Zealand Institute of Skills and Technology) would be dissolved and replaced by eight to ten institutions.[46]

On 11 December, Education Minister Erica Stanford announced that the Government would be delaying the previous Labour Government's plans to make online mathematics and literacy tests a prerequisite for National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) qualifications in 2026. Trial runs of the tests had recorded failure rates of more than 40% particularly among Māori, Pasifika students, and schools in poorer communities. Stanford said that the students had been let down by the education curriculum and that it would be unfair to make the tests the only way to achieve NCEA qualifications.[47]

On 13 December, the Government passed its first new law reversing the previous Labour Government's law change in 2018 giving the Reserve Bank of New Zealand the dual mandate of managing inflation and supporting maximum sustainable employment. The Government's law change ordered the Reserve Bank to focus solely on managing inflation. The Bill was introduced by Finance Minister Nicola Willis. Labour's finance spokesperson Grant Robertson criticised the National coalition government for reversing his party's financial reforms.[48]

On 14 December, the Goverment passed legislation repealing the previous Labour Government's Fair Pay Agreements legislation under urgency. While National, ACT and NZ First supported the bill, it was opposed by the Labour, Green, and Māori parties.[49] Several unions including Stand Up, the New Zealand Nurses Organisation, Post Primary Teachers' Association and Unite Union had also opposed the National-led government's plans to repeal fair pay agreements, staging protests outside the electorate office of ACT leader Seymour on 12 December.[50] By contrast, Retail NZ chief executive Carolyn Young welcomed the repeal of Fair Pay Agreements, claiming they were unnecessary and complicated employment laws.[51]

On 14 December, the Government passed the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Discount Scheme Repeal) Amendment Act 2023 under urgency. This bill repealed the previous Labour Government's Clean Car Discount, which encouraged consumers to buy electrical and hybrid vehicles by imposing a tax on high-emissions vehicles such as utes. While the governing National, ACT and NZ First parties supported the Bill, it was opposed by the opposition Labour, Green and Māori parties.[52]

On 16 December Transport Minister Brown instructed the New Zealand Transport Agency to halt the Transport Choices Programme, which involved funding various local council projects to promote cycling, walking and public transportation. The Government's transport policy changes were criticised by Cycling Action Network spokesperson Patrick Morgan and Mayor of New Plymouth Neil Holdom but were supported welcomed by New Plymouth councillor Murray Cheong.[53] Notable projects affected by the Government's transportation policy change included the "Let's Get Wellington Moving" programme. Following negotiations with the Wellington City Council (WCC) and the Greater Wellington Regional Council, the three parties reached an agreement in which the Government would fund the Basin Reserve upgrade while the WCC would take over the Golden Mile project.[54]

Election results

The following table shows the total party votes and seats in Parliament won by National, plus any parties in coalition with the National-led government.

Election Parliament Government type Party votes Percentage Total seats Majority
2023 54th National–ACT–NZ First coalition 1,505,877 52.81%
National (38.08%)
ACT (8.64%)
NZ First (6.09%) 		68 13

Significant policies and initiatives

Education

  • Shifting the "Fees Free Scheme" from the first year to final year of tertiary study.[34][35]
  • Eliminating all references to gender, sexuality and "relationship-based education guidelines" in educational curriculums.[35]
  • Requiring schools to institute one hour of reading, writing, and mathematics each day.[35]
  • Reintroducing charter schools and allowing state schools to convert to charter schools.[35]

Employment

  • Repeal the Fair Pay Agreement regime by Christmas 2023.[55]
  • Expand 90-day trials to include all businesses.[55]

Environment

  • Repealing the previous Government's ban on offshore gas and oil exploration.[35]
  • Introducing new resource management legislation to emphasise property rights.[35]

Firearms

  • Rewriting the Arms Act.[36]
  • Transferring the firearms regulator to a different agency.[36]
  • Reviewing the national gun registry.[36]

Foreign agreements

  • Ensure a "National Interest Test" is undertaken before New Zealand accepts any agreements from the UN and WHO that limit national decision-making and reconfirm that New Zealand’s domestic law holds primacy over any international agreements, and by 1 December 2023 reserve against proposed amendments to WHO health regulations.[55]

Health

Housing

  • Restoring interest deductibility for rental properties.[34]
  • Allowing local governments to opt out of the previous government's medium density residential standards.[36]
  • Restoring "no-cause" evictions and introducing pet bonds for renters. While Renters' United criticised the Government for favouring landlords over tenants, the Property Investors Federation welcomed these new policies for alleviating the pressure on landlords and giving them greater "flexibility."[57]

Infrastructure, energy and natural resources

Justice and Law

  • Abolishing concurrent sentencing when an offence is committed on parole, on bail or whilst in custody.[35][58]
  • Requiring prisoners to work.[35]
  • Equipping Corrections officers with body cameras.[35]
  • Introducing legislation dealing with "coward punching".[35]
  • Reintroducing three strikes.[55]
  • Removing prisoner reduction targets.[55]
  • Training 500 new police officers within two years.[36]
  • Protect freedom of speech by ruling out the introduction of hate speech legislation and stop the Law Commission’s work on hate speech legislation.[55]

Māori issues and the Treaty of Waitangi

Public sector

  • Public sector organisations will be given "expenditure reduction targets" including reducing "non-essential" back office functions.[35][55]
  • Removing co-governance from the delivery of public services.[34][35][38][39]
  • Legislating the English language as an official language.[35][39][36]
  • Requiring all government departments to have their primary name in English and to communicate in English "except for those specifically related to Māori."[35][38][39]
  • Ensuring that government contracts are awarded based on value rather than race.[38]
  • De-establishing the Water Services Reform Programme and returning assets to local councils.[39]

Regulation

  • Creating a new regulatory agency to assess the quality of all new and existing legislation.[36][55]
  • Amend the Overseas Investment Act 2005 to limit ministerial decision making to national security concerns.[55]
  • Reducing regulatory barriers to promote competition.[55]

Social services and community

Taxation

  • Tax cuts will be funded by the reprioritisation of government expenditure and revenue gathering rather than a tax on foreign housing buyers.[34][35]
  • Repeal the Clean Car Discount.[55]

List of executive members

The Cabinet was announced on 24 November 2023 and consists of 20 members, 14 from the National Party, 3 from ACT and 3 from New Zealand First. Notable for being the first ever New Zealand government to have three parties in cabinet. A further five National MPs would sit outside of Cabinet, along with two ACT MPs and one NZ First MP.[60][61]

In a first for New Zealand, the Deputy Prime Minister role will be split for the term, with Winston Peters holding the office until 31 May 2025. David Seymour will then take on the office until the conclusion of the term.[62][34]

Ministers

Portfolio Minister Party Start End
Prime Minister Christopher Luxon National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Deputy Prime Minister Winston Peters NZ First 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Leader of the House Chris Bishop National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Deputy Leader of the House Simeon Brown National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for ACC Matt Doocey National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Agriculture Todd McClay National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Attorney-General Judith Collins National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage Paul Goldsmith National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Auckland Simeon Brown National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Biosecurity Andrew Hoggard ACT 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Building and Construction Chris Penk National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Child Poverty Reduction Louise Upston National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Children Karen Chhour ACT 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Climate Change Simon Watts National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Commerce and Consumer Affairs Andrew Bayly National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for the Community & Voluntary Sector Louise Upston National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Conservation Tama Potaka National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Corrections Mark Mitchell National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Courts Nicole McKee ACT 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Customs Casey Costello NZ First 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Defence Judith Collins National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Disability Issues Penny Simmonds National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Digitising Government Judith Collins National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Economic Development Melissa Lee National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Ethnic Communities Melissa Lee National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Education Erica Stanford National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Emergency Management and Recovery Mark Mitchell National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Energy Simeon Brown National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for the Environment Penny Simmonds National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Finance Nicola Willis National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Food Safety Andrew Hoggard ACT 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Foreign Affairs Winston Peters NZ First 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Forestry Todd McClay National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister Responsible for the GCSB Judith Collins National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Lead Coordination Minister for the Government's
Response to the Royal Commission’s Report into
the Terrorist Attack on the Christchurch Mosques 		Judith Collins National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Health Shane Reti National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Housing Chris Bishop National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Hunting and Fishing Todd McClay National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Immigration Erica Stanford National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Infrastructure Chris Bishop National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Internal Affairs Brooke van Velden ACT 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Justice Paul Goldsmith National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Land Information Chris Penk National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Local Government Simeon Brown National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Māori-Crown Relations: Te Arawhiti Tama Potaka National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Māori Development Tama Potaka National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Media and Communications Melissa Lee National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Mental Health Matt Doocey National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister Responsible for Ministerial Services Christopher Luxon National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of National Security and Intelligence Christopher Luxon National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister Responsible for the NZSIS Judith Collins National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Oceans and Fisheries Shane Jones NZ First 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Pacific Peoples Shane Reti National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Police Mark Mitchell National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for the Prevention of Family and Sexual Violence Karen Chhour ACT 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for the Public Service Nicola Willis National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Racing Winston Peters NZ First 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Regional Development Shane Jones NZ First 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Regulation David Seymour ACT 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Resources Shane Jones NZ First 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Revenue Simon Watts National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister Responsible for RMA Reform Chris Bishop National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Rural Communities Mark Patterson NZ First 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Science, Innovation and Technology Judith Collins National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Seniors Casey Costello NZ First 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Small Business and Manufacturing Andrew Bayly National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Social Development Louise Upston National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Social Investment Nicola Willis National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Space Judith Collins National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Sport and Recreation Chris Bishop National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of State Owned Enterprises Paul Goldsmith National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Statistics Andrew Bayly National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations Paul Goldsmith National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Tertiary Education and Skills Penny Simmonds National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Tourism and Hospitality Matt Doocey National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Trade Todd McClay National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister of Transport Simeon Brown National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Veterans Chris Penk National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Whānau Ora Tama Potaka National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Women Nicola Grigg National 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Workplace Relations and Safety Brooke van Velden ACT 27 November 2023 Incumbent
Minister for Youth Matt Doocey National 27 November 2023 Incumbent

Under-Secretaries & Private Secretaries

Ministry Member of Parliament Role Party Start End
Infrastructure Simon Court Under-Secretary ACT 27 November 2023 Incumbent
RMA Reform
Media and Communications Jenny Marcroft Under-Secretary NZ First 27 November 2023 Incumbent

Notes

  1. ^ Back row from left: Rachel Hayward (Clerk of the Executive Council), Mark Patterson, Andrew Bayly, Penny Simmonds, Chris Penk, Karen Chhour, Andrew Hoggard. Third row: Simon Watts, Nicole McKee, Matt Doocey, Todd McClay, Tama Potaka, Melissa Lee, Casey Costello. Second row: Mark Mitchell, Judith Collins, Paul Goldsmith, Simeon Brown, Erica Stanford, Louise Upston, Nicola Grigg. Front row: Brooke van Velden, Chris Bishop, David Seymour, Christopher Luxon, Cindy Kiro (Governor-General), Winston Peters, Nicola Willis, Shane Reti, Shane Jones.

References

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