Sakkun
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| Deities of the ancient Near East |
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| Religions of the ancient Near East |
Sakkun (Phoenician: 𐤎𐤊𐤍, romanized: skn) was a Phoenician god.[3][2][4][5][6] He is known chiefly from Theophoric names such as 𐤎𐤊𐤍𐤉𐤕𐤍 (sknytn) 𐤂𐤓𐤎𐤊𐤍 (grskn).[2][4][5] As for 1940, his earliest apperance in epigraphical evidence is from the 5th century BC.[7]
There is a consensus that the vocalisation of Phoenician 𐤎𐤊𐤍 (skn) is *Sakkun, that Sakkun is the "administrator" or "superintendent" and that he was identified with Greek Hermes.[8] Albert Baumgartner doubts all three arguements: He claims that *Sakun, *Sakkon and *Sakon are likely vocalisations as well, based on comparisons to the Masoretic Niqqud of the Greek name ʾkyš, ancient Latin translitarations of the name (CIL VIII 698, 5099) and Eusebius' variations;[9] He argues that the etymological foundation of a conection between the god skn and the Canaanite noun skn (reconstructed vocalisation *sākinu, after the Canaanite shift *sōkinu) is weak;[10] and he claims that the two evidence that astablish the identification with Hermes – the Homeric epithet Σωκος (Sōkos) for Hermes in the Iliad (20, 72) and a Phoenician inscription dedicating an altar to Sakkun (KAI 58) found in Piraeus near one altar dedicated to Hermes and another one to Zeus Soter (and were suggested to be together read as a bilingual inscription) – are both wrong: the epithet is probably derived from the verb σωκέω, and there is no reason to read the inscriptions as one. Philo of Byblos, whose Interpretatio graeca to Phoenician gods is reliable, identifies Hermes with Taautos (= Thoth).[11]
Notes
- ^ KAI 58, see CIS I 118 (p. 145) for discussion
- ^ a b c Benz, Frank L. (1972). Personal Names in the Phoenician and Punic Inscriptions. Gregorian Biblical BookShop. p. 365.
- ^ Baumgartner, Albert I. (1981). The Phoenician History of Philo of Byblos: A Commentary. Brill. p. 42.
- ^ a b Slouschz, Nahoum (1942). Thesaurus of Phoenician Inscriptions (in Hebrew). Dvir. p. 62.
- ^ a b Barr, James (1974). "Philo of Bylos and his "Phoenician History"" (PDF). Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library. 57: 36.
- ^ Cooke, George Albert (1903). Text-book of North-Semitic Inscriptions (NSI): Moabite, Hebrew, Phoenician, Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Jewish. Clarendon Press. p. 100.
- ^ Albright, William Foxwell (1940). From the Stone Age to Christianity. The Johns Hopkins Press. p. 243.
- ^ Baumgartner, Albert I. (1981). The Phoenician History of Philo of Byblos: A Commentary. Brill. pp. 42–43.
- ^ Baumgartner, Albert I. (1981). The Phoenician History of Philo of Byblos: A Commentary. Brill. p. 43.
- ^ Baumgartner, Albert I. (1981). The Phoenician History of Philo of Byblos: A Commentary. Brill. pp. 43–44.
- ^ Baumgartner, Albert I. (1981). The Phoenician History of Philo of Byblos: A Commentary. Brill. pp. 44–45.
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