Schinus
| Schinus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Schinus terebinthifolia | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Anacardioideae |
| Genus: | Schinus L. (1753)[1][2] |
| Type species | |
| Schinus molle | |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms[4] | |
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Schinus is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree (Schinus molle)[5] is the source of the spice known as pink peppercorn.[6]
The species of Schinus are native to South America, ranging from Peru and northeastern Brazil to southern South America.[4] Some species (e.g. Schinus terebinthifolia) have become an invasive species outside their natural habitats. Schinus polygama, although less well known, is also potentially weedy in mesic areas.
Etymology
[edit]The generic name is derived from the Greek word for Pistacia lentiscus, Σχίνος (schinos), which it resembles.[7] Considerable historic confusion has existed as to the correct gender of the genus name; as of 2015, this has been resolved with the determination that the correct gender of Schinus is feminine (rather than masculine), and adjectival names within the genus must be spelled accordingly.[8]
Species
[edit]34 species are currently accepted:[4]
- Schinus areira L. – Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile
- Schinus bumelioides I.M.Johnst. – northern Argentina
- Schinus engleri F.A.Barkley – Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay
- Schinus fasciculata (Griseb.) I.M.Johnst. – Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina
- Schinus ferox Hassl. – southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina (Misiones Province)
- Schinus gracilipes I.M.Johnst. – northwestern Argentina
- Schinus johnstonii F.A.Barkley – Argentina and Uruguay
- Schinus kauselii F.A.Barkley – central Chile
- Schinus latifolia (Gillies ex Lindl.) Engl. – central Chile
- Schinus lentiscifolia Marchand – southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina (Misiones Province)
- Schinus longifolia (Lindl.) Speg. – west-central and southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, nand northern Argentina
- Schinus marchandii F.A.Barkley – southern Chile and southern Argentina
- Schinus meyeri F.A.Barkley – Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (Salta Province)
- Schinus microphylla I.M.Johnst. – Peru and Bolivia
- Schinus molle L. Peruvian pepper tree
- Schinus molle var. molle (=S. bituminosa, S. occidentalis) – Peru and northern Chile; southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina
- Schinus molle var. rusbyi (L.) DC. – southern Peru and northern Chile
- Schinus montana Engl. – central Chile
- Schinus myrtifolia (Griseb.) Cabrera – Bolivia and northwestern Argentina
- Schinus odonellii F.A.Barkley – southern Chile and western Argentina
- Schinus pampeana Bordignon & Vog.Ely – southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
- Schinus patagonica (Phil.) I.M.Johnst. ex Cabrera – central and southern Chile and western Argentina
- Schinus pearcei Engler – Bolivia, northern Chile, and Peru
- Schinus pilifera I.M.Johnst. – Bolivia and northern Argentina
- Schinus polygama (Cav.) Cabrera (=S. dentata, S. dependens) – Chile and northwestern Argentina (Mendoza)
- Schinus praecox (Griseb.) Speg. – north-central Argentina
- Schinus ramboi F.A.Barkley – southern and southeastern Brazil
- Schinus roigii Ruíz Leal & Cabrera – western Argentina
- Schinus sinuata (Griseb.) Engl. – northeastern Argentina
- Schinus spinosa Engl. – Brazil (Paraná state)
- Schinus talampaya Fabbroni & M.A.Zapater – northwestern Argentina (San Juan and La Rioja)
- Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi Brazilian pepper tree – northeastern to southeastern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and Paraguay
- Schinus terebinthifolia var. acutifolia Engl.
- Schinus terebinthifolia var. terebinthifolia (=S. aroiera, S. chichita, S. mellisii, S, mucronulata, S. rhoifolia)
- Schinus uruguayensis (F.A.Barkley) Silva-Luz – southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina
- Schinus velutina (Turcz.) I.M.Johnst. – central Chile
- Schinus venturii F.A.Barkley – southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (Salta)
- Schinus weinmanniifolia Mart. ex Engl.[9] – south-central to eastern and southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina
Formerly placed here
[edit]- Cuscuta myricoides (L.) Druce (as S. myricoides L.)
- Limonia acidissima L. (as S. limonia L.)
- Lithraea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. (as S. molleoides Vell.)
- Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. (as S. fagara L.)[9]
References
[edit]- ^ "Genus: Schinus L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-11-23. Retrieved 2011-02-22.
- ^ Linnaeus, C. (1753), Species Plantarum 1: 388
- ^ "Schinus L." TROPICOS. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
- ^ a b c Schinus L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
- ^ Seidemann, Johannes (2005). World spice plants. Springer. p. 337. ISBN 978-3-540-22279-8.
- ^ Allen, Gary (2007). The Herbalist in the Kitchen. University of Illinois Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-0-252-03162-5.
- ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. Vol. IV R-Z. Taylor & Francis US. p. 2405. ISBN 978-0-8493-2678-3.
- ^ Zona, S. (2015). The correct gender of Schinus (Anacardiaceae). Phytotaxa, 222(1), 75–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.222.1.9
- ^ a b "GRIN Species Records of Schinus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2015-07-22.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Schinus at Wikimedia Commons
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