1861 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1861.

Arthropods

Crustaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Etallonia^[2]	Gen. et. comb. nov.	Valid	Oppel	Jurassic	Solnhofen Limestone	Germany	An axiid, type species is E. longimana, initially described as Magila longimana in 1839.
Pseudastacus^[2]	Gen. et. comb. nov.	Valid	Oppel	Jurassic	Solnhofen Limestone	Germany	A stenochirid, type species is P. pustulosus, initially described as Bolina pustulosa in 1839.	Pseudastacus pustulosus

Dinosaurs

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Archaeopteryx^[3]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Hermann von Meyer	Kimmeridgian	Solnhofen Limestone	Germany	Early bird, only known from a single flight feather.^[3]
Echinodon^[4]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Sir Richard Owen^[4]	Berriasian	Purbeck Beds	UK	Known from multiple jaw and tooth fossils, originally interpreted as a lacertilian.^[4]^[5]
Teratosaurus	Gen. nov	Valid	Hermann von Meyer			Germany	Misidentified teratosaurid archosaur.

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Name	Status	Authors		Location	Notes	Images
Scaphognathus	Valid	Wagner		China Germany	An Corvid-like Pterosaur.	Scaphognathus.

References

^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
^ ^a ^b A, Oppel (1861). "Die Arten der Gattungen Eryma, Pseudastacus, Magila und Etallonia" (PDF). Jahreshefte des Vereins fur Vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurttemberg (in German). 17: 355–364.
^ ^a ^b Meyer, H. (1861-09-20). "Archaeopterix lithographica (Vogel-Feder) und Pterydactylus von Solenhofen". Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde: 678–679.
^ ^a ^b ^c Owen, R. (1861). Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Part V. Order Lacertilia. Palaeontographical Society. pp. 31–39.
^ Falconer, H. (1861). "Note on the synonymy of the fossil genus Echinodon of Professor Owen". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 8 (46): 341. doi:10.1080/00222936108697425.

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[:0-2] A, Oppel (1861). "Die Arten der Gattungen Eryma, Pseudastacus, Magila und Etallonia" (PDF). Jahreshefte des Vereins fur Vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurttemberg (in German). 17: 355–364.

[meyer1861-3] Meyer, H. (1861-09-20). "Archaeopterix lithographica (Vogel-Feder) und Pterydactylus von Solenhofen". Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde: 678–679.

[owen1861-4] Owen, R. (1861). Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Part V. Order Lacertilia. Palaeontographical Society. pp. 31–39.

[falconer1861-5] Falconer, H. (1861). "Note on the synonymy of the fossil genus Echinodon of Professor Owen". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 8 (46): 341. doi:10.1080/00222936108697425.

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