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SL18

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SL18
SL18 no. 407 running as line 17 at Tullinløkka, 2023
In service2022–present
ManufacturerCAF
Built atBeasain, Spain[1]
Family nameUrbos 100
ReplacedSL79 & SL95
Entered service2022
Number under construction87 (total)
Fleet numbers401–487
Capacity220 passengers
OwnersSporveien Vognmateriell
OperatorsSporveien Trikken
DepotsGrefsen, Holtet
Lines served17, 18
Specifications
Car body constructionAluminium[2]
Train length34,166 mm (112 ft 1.1 in)[3]
Width2.65 m (8 ft 8 in)
Height3.65 m (12 ft 0 in)
Floor height356 mm (14.0 in)
Low-floor100%
Doors6 per side (12 in total)
Maximum speed70 km/h (43 mph)
Traction motors8 × TSA TMR 36-18-4 70 kW (94 hp)[4]
Power output560 kW (750 hp)
Electric system(s)750 V DC overhead catenary
Current collector(s)Pantograph
UIC classificationBo′+2′+Bo′
SeatingTransverse
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

The SL18 (short for Sporvogn Ledd, commissioned in 2018) is a series of 87 low-floor, articulated trams currently being phased-in on the Oslo Tramway network.[5] They will continue to be phased-in until 2025, when the last SL79s and SL95s are replaced. They were purchased from the Spanish tram manufacturer, CAF. The first one was shipped and unveiled at Grefsen depot in 2020, and regular operation begun in 2022. The entire purchase has a price of 4.2 billion krones. There is also a possibility of acquiring another 60 more trams from CAF.

History

By 2009, it was recognised that the city of Oslo needed new trams and that the rail infrastructure needed to be upgraded.[6] In 2013, the City Council of Oslo initiated the tram program.[7] The responsibility of procurement was transferred to Sporveien in August 2015. In December 2015, the Council approved the procurement of 87 new trams.[8] Also in December 2015, the pre-qualification of suppliers began and the potential suppliers were announced in March 2016. The pre-qualification stage ended with six suppliers being invited tenders. Including the winner, there were five other selections:

The model of the SL18 tram is visible on the left.

On 30 March 2017, the submit deadline passed and the evaluation process begun. A year later, on the 18th June 2018, Sporveien awarded a contract to CAF.[10][11] On the 28th of August, 2019, a full-scale model of the new tram was unveiled at Rådhusplassen (City Hall Square).[12]

In 2020, after the outbreak of COVID-19, the production of trams in Spain was temporarily halted. Nonetheless, on 19 September 2020, the first tram arrived from Spain, as was unloaded at the port of Drammen.[13] It was unveiled the next month at Grefsen depot.[14] There was a testing period on Line 13 between Skøyen and Bråten in early 2022,[15] before being put to use on Line 17 and Line 18, between Rikshospitalet and Grefsen station, starting from April 2022.[8][16]

However in early 2023, there a problem with the delivery of the trams occurred. CAF notified Sporveien that there were challenges in obtaining and acquiring the necessary parts. This was due to a worldwide shortage of parts, which was also affected by the end of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russo-Ukrainian War. This means that new trams were temporarily not delivered to Oslo. However, they resumed deliveries not long afterwards.[17]

On the 24th of November, Sporveien announced that the twenty-nine SL18 trams that are currently operating in Oslo have travelled 1 million kilometres combined. [18] In early 2024, Sporveien was awarded DOGA's Innovasjonsprisen for inkluderende design (transl. Innovation Award for Inclusive Design) for the new trams.[19]

Fremtidens byreise program

The single track in Prinsens gate before the upgrading project in 2014.

The Fremtidens byreise (lit. "Future City Travel") program was initiated as part of the tram program in 2013. In 2015, the City Council approved the procurement of new trams and along with it, the modernization of the current system's infrastructure. This involved the upgrading of Oslo's streets and tracks, and multiple old water and wastewater pipes were to be replaced.

The first building project begun in 2014, which was the upgrading and renovating Prinsens gate. The tracks were demolished and replaced in a two-way system. About 30 renovation projects followed suit across Oslo in the late 2010s. This unfortunately led to system closures, such as the one on the Kjelsås Line (which lasted approximately 2 years). According to the official website, one of their aims was to satisfy the requirements of universal design, making it easier for everyone to take the tram. One of their predictions, is that the amount of journeys taken by passengers taking the tram will double from 51 million to 100 million by 2030.

Specifications

The six-axle, five-segmented articulated tram can accommodate a maximum of 220 passengers.[20] They are significantly lighter than the SL95s, weighing at just 43 tons, compared to the 65 tons of the SL95s.[21] It is approximately 34 metres (111 ft 7 in) long, its width is 2.65 metres (8 ft 8 in) and its height is 3.65 metres (12 ft 0 in). The SL18 is a form of the Urbos 100 stock, which is also used in numerous other European cities.[5] The exterior is in a blue colour that matches the previous stock.

The factory in Beasain.

The tram is also entirely (100%) low-floor making it accessible to wheelchair users. This means that there are no stairs anywhere on the tram. The interior is infitted with a passenger information system to display the next tram stop,[3] instead of the dot-matrix displays used on the former stock. There are also rectangular displays to show advertisements and the current location of the tram. The SL18 is bi-directional, so there is no need to use a balloon loop to turn around. Therefore, there are two driver cabs, one at each end of the tram. They are also infitted with USB-charging slots.[22] There are multiple ticket validators aboard the tram. There are twelve doors with six on each side. The doors create a beeping noise whenever they open and close. Unfortunately, this has led to complaints from people stating that the noise level is too high.[23]

There are 56 seats in total, arranged in a transverse seating pattern. This is less than the previous SL95 trams, which had 88 seats. According to Jan Rustad, communications adviser of Sporveien, the reason for the reduced seating capacity is to make it more accessible for stroller and wheelchair users.[24]

Sporveien has also developed a cloud-based platform that runs on Amazon Web Services, which communicates with the SL18 trams over 4G/5G. This platform is called LeadMind, and it is a cloud solution which monitors the condition of the technical segments of the tram.[25] The technical department (who are stationed in the depots) have access to this system.[26] The trams also have GPS that transmits its location to the digital platform two times per second.[27]

Operation

An SL18 tram at Holtet (before the trial period with passengers).

At the moment, SL18 trams are operating on routes 17, 18 and 19. However, they have not completely replaced the SL95 on those routes, but instead at the moment, supplement alongside them. Therefore, they currently serve the Ullevål Hageby Line, the Grünerløkka–Torshov Line and the Sinsen Line. During the trial period in early 2022, the SL18 ran on sections of Line 13 (such as the Skøyen Line, the Bjørvika Line and the Ekeberg Line.) There was also a short trial period on Line 12 and 19 in June 2022.[28] A few have also been set up on line 19 between Ljabru and Majorstuen.

Line 17 and 18 need a minimum of 19 trams to operate during the day, in order to maintain a 10-minute frequency. After this has been achieved, there are plans to start phasing them in on Line 12 and 19. [29] According to City Councilor Raymond Johansen, the trams should be serving the city of Oslo for at least 25 or more years.[30] The first days of service were inconvenient for riders as the SL18 had Spanish announcements, due to delays with bringing out the announcements in the local language of Norway. That's despite that written announcements on LED displays are in Norwegian. Vocal announcements on all trains now (as of 2024) play in local Norwegian language.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to SL-18.

References

  1. ^ "Produksjonen av nye trikker stanset midlertidig". Fremtidens Byreise. March 2020. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  2. ^ "Sporveien AS - Sporveien Vognmateriell". sporveien.com (in Norwegian). Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  3. ^ a b "OSLO TRAM". www.caf.net. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  4. ^ "CAF Urbos streetcar platform". Traktionssysteme Austria. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  5. ^ a b "87 nye trikker til hovedstaden". Fremtidens Byreise. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  6. ^ Juven, Olav (28 December 2010). "Trikke- og t-banenettet forfaller". NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  7. ^ "About the Tram Program". Fremtidens Byreise. Retrieved 25 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ a b "Na kommer de nye trikker til Linje 17 og 18". sporveien.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  9. ^ Valmot, Odd Richard (22 September 2016). "Seks aktører kjemper om å få levere ny Oslotrikk". Teknisk Ukeblad. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  10. ^ "Tidenes trikkesatsing i Norge: Sporveien velger CAF som ny trikkeleverandør". Sporveien. 11 June 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  11. ^ Valmot, Odd Richard (11 June 2018). "Oslo velger spanske trikker". Teknisk Ukeblad. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  12. ^ "Sjekk den nye trikken!" [Check the new tram!]. Fremtidens Byreise. 28 August 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  13. ^ Eggesvik, Olav (20 September 2020). "Den første av Oslos 87 nye trikker har ankommet norsk jord". Aftenposten (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  14. ^ "Velkommen til lansering av Oslos nye trikker". sporveien.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  15. ^ NTB (17 January 2022). "Her prøvekjøres Oslos nye trikker". Avisa Oslo (in Norwegian). Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  16. ^ Velle, Vegard (30 November 2022). "Fremover vil det være én ny trikk i trafikk omtrent hver 10. dag". Vårt Oslo (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  17. ^ Solberg, Mari Gisvold (16 March 2023). "Full stopp i leveransen av de nye Oslo-trikkene". Teknisk Ukeblad (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  18. ^ "1 million kjørte «grønne» kilometer med nye trikker" [1 million traveled "green" kilometers with new trams]. Sporveien (in Norwegian). 24 November 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  19. ^ "OSLO SL18 – trikken for alle". doga.no (in Norwegian). Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  20. ^ "Norge -> Sporvogner i Oslo -> Oslo: SL18 - CAF Urbos | Jernbane.net". jernbane.net. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  21. ^ "Om to år ruller de første nye Spania-trikkene ut i Oslos gater". www.aftenposten.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). 22 November 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  22. ^ "Avduket Oslos Forste Nye Trikk". sporveien.com. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  23. ^ Linstad, Arnsten (12 March 2022). "Klager på Oslos nye trikker: - Dørvarsler har et meget høyt støynivå". vartoslo.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  24. ^ Lorvik, Jørgen Berge, Nina (12 October 2020). "Her er Oslos nye trikk". Nettavisen (in Norwegian). Retrieved 20 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ "LeadMind | CAF Digital Services". www.cafdigitalservices.com. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  26. ^ Sporveien; Studio, T. U. M. (13 February 2023). "Med 12.000 parametere fra et utall sensorer er den nye Oslo-trikken en av verdens mest avanserte". Teknisk Ukeblad. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  27. ^ Løvøy, Anders (2 May 2022). "(+) Oslos nye stolthet skal være helt på nett". Computerworld (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  28. ^ Kjelstrup, Karl Andreas (15 June 2022). "Nå kan du prøve den nye trikken til Kjelsås". Nordre Aker Budstikke (in Norwegian). Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  29. ^ "Det kommer stadig flere SL 18 i trafikk (Facebook Post)". Facebook (in Norwegian). 15 November 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  30. ^ Velle, Vegard (10 September 2020). "Den første av de nye trikkene har reist fra fabrikken i Spania og er på vei til Oslo". vartoslo.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 23 January 2023.
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