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Desmond Castle (Kinsale)

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Desmond Castle (Irish: Caisleán Deasmhumhan) is an example of an urban tower house located in the town of Kinsale in County Cork, Ireland. It was built as the Customs House for Kinsale about the year 1500 by the ninth Earl of Desmond Maurice Fitzgerald, following the grant of the custom of the port of Kinsale to the Earls of Desmond by King Henry VII in 1497. It was used for this purpose up until 1641 when it was converted into a naval prison, following the construction of another Customs House. The prisoners kept in the Castle were in the main French and Spanish, and the place became known locally as the "French Prison" as a result.

In January 1747, a fire broke out, killing 54 of the prisoners. In 1791 the castle was donated by James Kearney MP to the town of Kinsale, and it was subsequently used as a town gaol till 1846, and during the Irish Famine as a workhouse. In 1938 it was taken into government hands, and in the 1990s was restored and opened to the public by the Office of Public Works. In 1997 the International Museum of Wine, which details the links between Ireland and the wine trade, and is run by the Order of the Wine Geese, was added.

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