Baltimore City College

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Baltimore City College
City College Seal
Address
Map
3220 The Alameda

Baltimore
,
Maryland
21218
Information
School typePublic, College Preperatory, Exam
Motto"Palmam Qui Meruit Ferat"
(Let the palm be carried by he who merits it)
Founded1839
School districtBaltimore City Public School System
SuperintendentDr. Andres Alonso (CEO)
PrincipalTimothy Dawson
Grades9–12
Enrollment1,353 (2007)
LanguageEnglish
AreaUrban
Color(s)Orange and Black
MascotBlack Knight
Team nameKnights
Websitewww.thebaltimorecitycollege.org

The Baltimore City College (BCC), also referred to as The Castle on the Hill, historically The College, and most commonly City, is a public college-preparatory magnet school in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. Despite its name, the school is not a college as it lacks the authority to confer baccalaureate degrees. The City College curriculum, includes the International Baccalaureate Programme and emphasizes study in the classics and liberal arts. As a magnet school, admission to City College is competitive. Applicants from Baltimore and the surrounding area are evaluated using a combination of grades and standardized test scores.

Established in 1839 as an all-male institution, City College is the third oldest public high school in the United States—predated by the English High School of Boston (1829) and the Central High School of Philadelphia (1836).[1][2][3] The school was located in three different buildings in downtown Baltimore, before relocating to its current 38-acre (153,781 m²) campus at 33rd Street and The Alameda in the Waverly neighborhood of north Baltimore in 1928. Following an extensive renovation of the school's main building in 1978, the school became coeducational.

City College has maintained a strong academic tradition and has many notable alumni including a Nobel Laureate, a Wolf Prize recipient, Pulitzer Prize winners, and leaders in business, military, and state and national politics. City College is a National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence (1999-2000),[4] one of only two public secondary schools in Baltimore City to receive the award, a Maryland Blue Ribbon High School, a Maryland Character Education High School of the Year (1999) and a National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP) Breakthrough High School (2003). In the May 2007 Newsweek report of the nation's top 1200 schools, City College ranked 256.[5] The previous year the school was ranked 206.[6] A long-standing athletic rivalry exists between City College and Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, though centered around the annual City–Poly football game, the rivalry extends to other sports as well as academics.

History

Main article: History of Baltimore City College
Rendering of school on Holliday and Fayette streets circa 1869

The creation of a male high school "in which the higher branches of English and classical literature only should be taught", was authorized unanimously by the City Council of Baltimore, on March 7, 1839.[7] Accordingly, a building on what was then Courtland Street (now Preston Gardens at St. Paul Place) was acquired to serve as the new high school. The school opened it doors on October 20, 1839 with 46 students and one teacher, Nathan C. Brooks. The school was housed in three different locations in its first three years of existence before returning to the original building on Courtland Street. Finally, in 1843 the City Council allocated $23,000 to acquire the Assembly Rooms at the northwestern corner of Fayette and Holliday streets for the school.[8] In 1850, the City Council granted the board of school commissioners the right to confer graduates of the school with certificates, and the following year the school held its first commencement ceremony in 1851.[9]

In 1865, in accordance with a recommendation from the Board of Commissioners of the Baltimore City public schools, the school began offering a five year track,[10] which was part of a process aimed at elevating the school to the status of a college and allowing it to grant its graduates baccalaureate degrees. The following year on October 9, 1866, as another part of this process, the school was renamed "The Baltimore City College" (BCC) by act of the City Council of Baltimore.[11] Despite the change, the school was never granted the power to grant its graduates degrees.

The building on Fayette and Holliday streets had been in a state of decline for two decades. However, it was not until 1873, when a fire spread from the Holliday street theater to the "Assembly Rooms", that the City Council of Baltimore finally decided to expend the resources to erect a building for City College. A lot was acquired on Howard street opposite Centre street and the City Council allocated $150,000 for the construction of the new building.[12] The new English Gothic revival-styled building was dedicated on February 1, 1875 and the school moved the following week.[13]

Baltimore City College, 2007

City College's Tudor Gothic building lasted until 1892, when it was undermined by the construction of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad tunnel from Camden Station to Mount Royal Station, and collapsed.[14] In 1895, the new structure, designed by the architects Baldwin and Pennington, was erected on the site. This new building quickly became overcrowded and an annex was established on 26th Street. This addition, however, did not help with the increase in school-aged youth beginning to attend City by World War I. During the 1920s, a campaign was begun by the school's alumni to provide a proper building, and in 1926, ground was broken for a massive Collegiate Gothic stone castle at 33rd Street and The Alameda. This new structure cost almost $3 million.[15]

The school began admitting African-American students following the landmark ruling Brown v. Board of Education. In September 1954, ten African-American students entered City College.[16] The administration also sent two African-American men, Eugene Parker and Pierre Davis, to teach at City in 1956. Eugene Parker would end up teaching at the school for 30 years and Pierre Davis, after teaching for one year, came back as City's first black principal in 1971.[17]

In 1978, after having undergone its first major capital renovations, the all-male high school welcomed young women for the first time. The all male tradition did not end easily; alumni had argued for the uniqueness of a single-sex educational system and even managed to convince the task force studying the issue to vote 11-6 in favor of keeping the all-male tradition. But the Board of School Commissioners, in a stunning reversal, voted to admit women citing Constitutional concerns.[18]

Campus

File:City aerial.JPG
Aerial Photograph of Baltimore City College

Facilities

Baltimore City College stands on a 38-acre (153,781 m²) campus in northeast Baltimore at the intersection of 33rd street and the Alameda.[19] The campus consists of two buildings, the Gothic style edifice known locally as the "Castle on the Hill" that sits in the center of the campus, and the power plant building east of the castle. In addition to providing the building's utilities, the power plant originally housed five work shops: an electrical shop, a mechanical shop, a metal shop, a printing shop, and a wood shop.[20] Presently, the main building is the only structure in academic use by the school. Both buildings were designed by the architecture firm of Buckler and Fenhagen. Just south of the main building is Alumni Field, the schools stadium, which serves as home to City College's football, boy's and girl's lacrosse and track teams. During a major building renovation in 1978 a modern gymnasium was added to the southwest corner of the main building.

Historic landmark

On June 30, 2003, Baltimore City College's current building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.[21] The listing of the building coincided with its 75th anniversary. The previous location of City College on Howard Street is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[22] On April 24, 2007 the Castle on the Hill earned the additional distinction of being a Baltimore City Landmark. This new status means that the building’s exterior cannot be altered without approval of the city Commission for Historical and Architectural Preservation.[23]

Academics

City College students at their Information Technology class

Throughout most of the 20th century the college preparatory curriculum at City was divided into two tracks: the "A" course and the "B" course. Though both tracks were intended to provide students with the skills necessary for college, the "A" course was supposed to be more rigorous. However, in the early 1990s Principal Joseph Antenson removed the two tier system because he believed it to be racially discriminatory.[24] In 1998, the academic program took on the general form in which it exists today, when Principal Joseph M. Wilson introduced the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IB Program) into the 11th and 12th grade curricula.[25] The IB Program is a comprehensive, liberal arts program that must be completed in students’ junior and senior years. Students now have the option to pursue City College's standard college preparatory curriculum, the IB Program, or a combination of the two.

However, in 2007 opposition to the continuation of the IB Program arose. Members of the Baltimore City College Alumni Association argued that the IB Program was diverting a significant amount of the school's resources, in order to benefit a fraction of the student population.[26] Only approximately 30 students are in the full IB Diploma Program at City College. Some members also argued that the rigidity of the program did not give students enough flexibility. Citing these concerns, the alumni association encouraged the school to replace the IB Program with the so called "A course" and expand the number of Advanced Placement courses offered.[26] The alumni association's recommendation, though non-binding, was intended to persuade the school to terminate the IB program and replace it with a more equitable and flexible curriculum. Nevertheless, the school administration is moving ahead with plans to expand the IB Program by incorporating the IB Middle Years Program into the 9th and 10th grade curricula.[24]

In addition to the 23 IB courses offered,[25] the school offers six Advanced Placement courses. Both programs have contributed to the academic ranking of the school. In the 1999–2000 academic year, City was recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as a National Blue Ribbon School.[27] In June 2005, the Johns Hopkins Magazine reported that the University had awarded full time four year scholarships to ten Baltimore City College seniors. [28] In the May 2007, Newsweek report of the nation's top 1200 schools, City was ranked 256[5] and in the 2006 report City was ranked 206.[6] The expansion of the number of AP and IB courses offered allowed City to perform well in the Newsweek rankings, which are based heavily on the number of AP and IB courses offered.

Enrollment

Enrollment
1839:   46
1851: 287
1900: 600
1928: 2500
1945: 1422
1964: 3880
1967: 3088
1997: 1279
2007: 1353

Students wishing to enroll in City College must apply to the school in the 8th grade. Enrollment is open to both residents and non-residents of Baltimore City, though non-residents must pay tuition. Eligibility for enrollment is based on a composite score that is determined by the Baltimore City Public School System. The school system generates the composite score based on a student's grades in the 7th grade and first quarter of the 8th grade, and a student's performance on a national standardized test, with the student's grades receiving double the weight as the test scores.[29]

The enrollment at City College in 2007 was 1353 students. Of those students, 504 were males representing approximately 37.25% of the student populations, and the remaining 849 students were females, representing approximately 62.75% of the student population. The number of students, who identified themselves as African-American, was 1229 and comprised 90.84% of the student population. An additional 105 students identified themselves as White, comprising 7.76% of the student population. The remaining 1.4% of the population identified themselves as Hispanic, Asian, or American Indian.[30]

Extracurricular activities

City College offers over 20 student clubs and organizations. These activities include chapters of National Organizations such as National Honor Society established at City in 1927 and Quill and Scroll. City College offers service clubs such as the Red Cross Club and Campus Improvement Association.[31] The usual range of clubs and activities are offered including Drama which holds the annual play, Art, Model UN, Band, and Dance. Also there are many other unique clubs and activities such as One City One Book an organization that invites the entire school community to read one book selected by faculty and invites the author of the book for a reading, discussion, and question and answer period.[31] In 2007 Pulitzer Prize winner, MacArthur Fellow, and novelist Edward P. Jones discussed his book Lost in the City. Moreover, the campus school store is completely student run and managed by City College's Student Government. One of City College's most notable academic teams is It's Academic team which participates on the It's Academic TV Show.[31]

Bancroft and Carrollton-Wight Literary Societies

Main article: Bancroft Literary Association and Carrollton-Wight Literary Society

Baltimore City College's speech and debate program dates it origins to the Bancroft Literary Association, which was established in 1876.[32] In 1878, a second competing society, the Carrollton Literary Society, was established.[32] That society was later renamed the Carrollton-Wight Literary Society, after its first faculty adviser, Professor Charles Wight. The two societies competed through the 1960s, but became dormant in the late 1970s.

In 1997, the two societies were resurrected as the Baltimore City College speech and debate program.[33] The speech team has retained the name of the Bancroft Society and the debate team has retained the name of the Carrollton-Wight Society. The team currently competes in the Baltimore Catholic Forensic League,[34] the Baltimore Urban Debate League,[35] and the National Forensic League.[36] The team has had success at the national level, advancing at the Harvard University Invitational Tournament, the National Catholic Forensic League Grand National Tournament, and the National Forensic League National Speech Tournament. Mock trial was not a traditional part of the literary societies. However, it has been incorporated into the speech and debate program.[33] In 2006 City College defeated the 2005 State Champion Squad from Richard Montgomery High School to advance to the semifinals of state championship, but was later defeated by local rival the Park School of Baltimore, which advanced to the final trial.

Band

Baltimore City College Marching Knights' halftime show at M&T Bank Stadium, November 10. 2007

The Baltimore City College band has been a part of the City College since the late 1950s. The instrumental music program consisted of the orchestra, concert band and marching band. In 1954, Professor Charles M. Stengstacke directed a 65 member concert band that doubled as a marching band in the fall. During halftime performances at home the band would form the shape of a heart or a car, but always ending the performance by forming the letters C-I-T-Y.[37] In 1994, Alvin T. Wallace became Band Director. Wallace added a wind ensemble. During his tenure, the marching band grew to over 150 by 1997. In 1999 the Knights swept the top categories in the Disney World high school band competitions.[27] Currently, the band director is Terrance Gallop. In 2004, the Marching Knights grew to more than 170 members. In 2006, the wind ensemble received a grade of superior at the district adjudication festival and marched in the Mayor's Christmas Day Parade that same year.[38]

The choir performing the "Battle Hymn of the Republic" at the school's 2006 Hall of Fame Assembly

Choir

The Baltimore City College choir was founded in 1950 by Professor Donald Regier. Originally a co-curricular subject with only 18 members, by 1954 it had developed into a major subject of study with 74 students enrolled.[39] Under the direction of Linda Hall, today's choir consists of four groups: the Mixed Chorus, the Concert Choir, the Singin'/Swingin' Knights, and the Knights and Daze Show Choir.[40] The Mixed Choir is opened to all students at City College and currently has a membership of approximately 135 students. The Concert Choir is a more selective group consisting of about 50 students, who must audition for their places in the choir. The Singin'/Swingin' Knights is an even more selective group composed of 25 students. The Knights and Daze Show Choir is a group of students, who perform a choreographed dance routine while they sing. With the exception of the Knights and Daze Show Choir, which performs jazz and pop music, the choir's repertoire consists of gospel music, spirituals,[40] and the classics of composers like Handel and Practorious.

The choir has traveled to Europe on several occasions, its first trip was in 1999, after receiving an invitation to perform at the Choralfest in Arezzo, Italy.[41] In April of 2003, the choir returned to Europe and competed in four different cities, against 31 international choirs and won the gold trophy in the sacred music category. In order to allow all of the members of the Concert Choir to travel to Italy, the choir raised a total of $100,000.[41] In 2003, the choir returned to Italy to perform at the annual Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.[40] In addition to Italy, the choir has also performed in France and Spain;[40] performing six concerts in Barcelona in 2006.[42]

On October 2, 2007, the Weill Institute of Music at Carnegie Hall announced that the City College choir was one of four high school choirs selected to participate in the National High School Choral Festival on March 10, 2008. The four choirs will perform Johannes Brahms' A German Requiem under the direction of Craig Jessop, Mormon Tabernacle Choir Director. The choirs will also be lead by their own directors in performing choral selections of their choosing.[43]

File:Girls lacrosse 010.jpg
Women's lacrosse in match against Digital Harbor High School Spring, 2007

Athletics

During the late 1880s, inter-scholastic sports became a feature of school life and a number of teams were begun in various sports. However, the formal organization of an athletic program did not begin until 1895.[44] During the early years of the athletic program, City College played mainly against college teams because few other secondary schools existed in Maryland. For example, City College's 1895 football schedule included St. John's College, Swarthmore College, the United States Naval Academy, University of Maryland, and Washington College.[45] In the mid-1950s, City fielded boys teams in every major sport and several minor ones including fencing, rifle, bowling and golf.[46] The current City College athletic program consists of six men's varsity teams, seven women's varsity teams, and five coeducational teams. The men's sports played at City are baseball, basketball, football, lacrosse, soccer, and wrestling. The women's teams are badminton, basketball, lacrosse, soccer, softball, volleyball. The five co-ed teams are cross country running, indoor track and field, swimming, track and field, and tennis.

Football

Main article: Baltimore City College football
City v Poly (November, 2006) M&T Bank Stadium

George Petrides, a City College alumnus, has been the head football coach at City for 32 years.[47] During his tenure, Petrides led the team through a 29 game winning streak—the longest consecutive winning streak in the history of Maryland football—and to two consecutive Maryland Scholastic Association A Conference championships in 1991 and 1992.[48] On September 11, 2006, Petrides was honored as the Baltimore Ravens High School Coach of the Week for the third time.[47]

City–Poly football rivalry

Main article: City–Poly football rivalry

In 1889, the first football game was played between City College and the Baltimore Manual Training School, which was later renamed the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute (Poly).[49] Little is known about the first game, except that it was played in Clifton Park between the City JV team and Poly with City emerging as the victor.[50] A scrimmage game continued to be played for almost 15 more years until the first victory by Poly in 1904. The annual meeting of the two teams has led to one of the longest continuous public high school football rivalries in the nation.[50] In November 2006 City and Poly clashed in the 118th City–Poly football game.[51]

One of the most memorable City–Poly games occurred on Thanksgiving Day 1965, at Baltimore's Memorial Stadium, with some 25,000 fans and alumni in attendance. City beat Poly 52–6, and completed a 10–0 season with the team being ranked eighth in the nation by a national sports poll.[52] City's 52–6 victory over Poly in that game is the largest margin of victory in the history of the series.[51] Former Baltimore Mayor Kurt Schmoke was the quarterback and Maryland Delegate Curt Anderson was the captain of that team. The game is no longer played on Thanksgiving or at Memorial Stadium, but is now located at the home of the Baltimore Ravens, M&T Bank Stadium, in downtown Baltimore. With 2007's 26–20 win by City, the series total sits with Poly leading 58–54–6 (counting the first 15 scrimmages won by City).

Lacrosse

The informal playing of lacrosse began at City in 1879, when a group of students decided to field a team. This continued annually until 1891.[53] In 1902 the students took the effort to make Lacrosse a permanent fixture of school. They were successful and Baltimore City College became the first public high school in Maryland to play lacrosse.[54] However, until City's rival Poly fielded a team in 1912, City was forced to play against college lacrosse teams. Lacrosse has now been played at City for more than 100 years and continues to be major feature of the athletics program, at least 10 City College lacrosse players are in the National Lacrosse Hall of Fame. Currently, both men's and women's lacrosse are played at City.

Student publications

File:Green Bag.jpg
The 2006 Green Bag

The Green Bag

The Green Bag is the senior class annual at Baltimore City College. Published continuously since 1896, The Green Bag is the oldest publication still in existence at City.[55] G. Warfield Hobbs Jr., president of the 1896 senior class and first editor-and-chief of the Green Bag, gave the publication its name in recognition of the role of City College graduates in political leadership. Historically, the Governor of Maryland submitted the names political appointees in a green carpet bag known as the "green bag", though the derivation of the term is unknown.[56] The first yearbooks contained sketches of faculty and seniors, and included recollections, anecdotes, stories, and quotes significant to the student body. It was not until 1948 that The Green Bag began to feature underclassmen. In 2007 The Green Bag released its first full-color edition.[57]

The most controversial issue of the Green Bag was published in 1900. Members of the senior class had decided to make fun of the professors in the Green Bag. When the school board was alerted to the matter, it attempted to censor the edition. The school board passed a resolution requiring the Green Bag to be reviewed by Principal Francis Soper, however the yearbook had already been printed. In defiance of the school board, the editors refused to have the edition censored and reprinted. The school board responded by withholding the diplomas of six of the editors of the Green Bag and the business manager and by preventing the school from holding a public commencement ceremony. Eventually, one of the boys expelled, Clarence Keating Bowie, became a member of the school board in 1926.[58]

File:Collegian.jpg
The Collegian, Vol. 77.1

The Collegian

The Collegian is the school newspaper of City. The Collegian was first printed in 1929 as a bi-weekly newspaper.[59] Though several other publications existed in 1929, The Collegian is the only publication other than the Green Bag still in existence. The paper was originally managed and printed by the students of City. During the 1930s, The Collegian won numerous awards including second place in the Columbia Scholastic Press Association's annual contest for five years in a row.[59] However, in recent years interest for the publication by the school administration has waned. In the past two years, only two issues of The Collegian have been produced as a result of budget cuts. Additionally, students no longer write for The Collegian as an extracurricular activity, instead those students enrolled in the journalism course write for the newspaper. Citing the decline of The Collegian and increasing disorder in the school, several students started an underground publication entitled Omnibus in May 2007.[60]

Alumni association

2007 Hall of Fame ceremony

The Baltimore City College Alumni Association (BCCAA) was established in 1866 to support network for City College. The BCCAA holds an annual meeting at the school every November and its Board of Governors meets the first Monday of each month at the school.
The BCCAA publishes the class reunion guide, established and maintains an endowment fund, awards alumni scholarships, conducts the Hall of Fame selection and induction, publishes a quarterly newsletter, maintains an alumni data base and assists with numerous projects designed to enrich student life and improve the facility. The endowment assets remain at more than $1,000,000.00 with more than 30 college scholarships awarded every year to graduating seniors.[61]
The Baltimore City College Hall of Fame induction ceremony is held every October. Alumni who have demonstrated extraordinary service to the school, the city, state, country or the world are selected to become members with former inductees, alumni and students attending the two hour ceremony. One of the 2007 inductees was Robert Hormats, a Vice-President at Goldman-Sachs.[62]

Notable alumni

Main article: List of Baltimore City College people

Many City College alumni have become civil servants, including three of the 10 individuals currently representing the state of Maryland in the U.S. Congress—Congressman Elijah Cummings, Congressman Dutch Ruppersberger, and Senator Ben Cardin.[1] Among graduates with significant military service are two Commandants of the Coast Guard—Rear Admiral Frederick C. Billard[63] and Admiral J. William Kime[64]—as well as 2nd Lieutenant Jacob Beser,[65] the only individual to serve on both the Enola Gay when it dropped Little Boy and Bocks Car when it dropped Fat Man. In addition, three City College alumni are recipients of the Medal of Honor.[66]

City College's list of alumni includes prominent scientists, such as theoretical physicist John Archibald Wheeler,[67] who coined the term black hole and received the 1997 Wolf Prize in Physics, Martin Rodbell,[68] who received the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of G-proteins, and Abel Wolman,[69] the "father" of chlorinated drinking water and a National Medal of Science recipient. Notable writers such as Leon Uris,[70] author of the Exodus, Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Karl Shapiro,[71] and Pulitzer Prize-winning author and New York Times columnist Russell Baker are also alumni. Businessmen, who have graduated from the school, include David M. Rubenstein,[72] co-founder of The Carlyle Group, and David Abercrombie,[73] namesake and co-founder of Abercrombie & Fitch.

Notable faculty members

Coach Parker

Principals

For a more comprehensive list, see History of Baltimore City College § Principals, and Principals of Baltimore City College.

Alma mater

"City Forever", the school's fight song, was written in 1923 by Eugene W. Milby, a member of the senior class.[82] It was sung for the first time at the 1923 City–Poly football game, when City defeated Poly 27–0. The song was then popularized in the 1930s by Principal Phillip Edwards, who called for the singing of "City Forever" at the close of each assembly.[82] That tradition has continued to this day.

"City Forever"

City, forever, we'll praise her to the skies.
We'll fight for ole City until we do or die!
rah! rah! rah!
Dear alma mater, loyal we'll always be.
City forever and for victory!

Notes

  1. ^ a b Kartalija, Jessica (2007-04-25). "City College Designated A Baltimore Landmark". CBS Broadcasting Inc. Retrieved 2007-07-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ Anft, Michael. "Contrasting studies". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
  3. ^ Katz-Stone, Adam (2007-01-28). "School boundaries". Baltimore Business Journal. Retrieved 2007-07-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ "Blue Ribbon Schools Program:Schools Recognized 1982–1983 through 1999-2002" (PDF). U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
  5. ^ a b "The Top of the Class: 2007 List". Newsweek. Retrieved 2007-05-22.
  6. ^ a b "The Top of the Class: 2006 List". Newsweek. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
  7. ^ Steiner (1894), p. 207.
  8. ^ Steiner (1894), p. 208.
  9. ^ Steiner (1894), p. 209.
  10. ^ Board of Commissioners of Public Schools (1866). 37th Annual Report of the Board of Commissioners of Public Schools to the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore. Baltimore: James Young. pp. pp. 105-106. Retrieved 2007-08-06. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  11. ^ Steiner (1894), p. 218.
  12. ^ Steiner (1894), p. 220.
  13. ^ Steiner (1894), p. 221.
  14. ^ "A nintey-six ton electric locomotive". Scientific American. 1895-08-10. Retrieved 2007-07-13. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ Leonhart (1939), p. 20.
  16. ^ Hlubb, Julius G. (1965), An Analysis of Student Enrollment at the Baltimore City College, Diss. George Washington University, p. 10
  17. ^ Daneker (1988), p. 38.
  18. ^ Daneker (1988), p. 58.
  19. ^ Leonhart (1939), p. 120.
  20. ^ Leonhart (1939), p. 124.
  21. ^ "Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 6/30/03 through 7/05/03". National Park Service. 2003-07-11. Retrieved 2007-07-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ "National Register of Historic Places". Retrieved 2007-07-23.
  23. ^ Janis, Stephen (2007-04-24). "Baltimore City College honored as official landmark". The Examiner. Retrieved 2007-05-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ a b "A Request to End International Baccalaureate at the Baltimore City College" (PDF). Baltimore City College Alumni Association. May 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
  25. ^ a b "Baltimore City College IB Profile". International Baccalaureate Organization. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  26. ^ a b Neufeld, Sara (2007-02-10). "Elite Program in Dispute". The Baltimore Sun. p. Final Edition,1A. Retrieved 2007-08-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ a b "The Baltimore City Public School System 2000 Annual Report" (PDF). Baltimore City Public School System. 2000. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
  28. ^ Blackburn, Maria (2005). "Locally Grown" (PDF). Johns Hopkins Magazine. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
  29. ^ "Choosing the High School that is right for you" (PDF). Baltimore City Public School System. 2006. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
  30. ^ "2007 Maryland Report Card". Maryland State Board of Education. 2007-07-11. Retrieved 2007-07-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ a b c Baltimore City College, editor (2007). The 2007 Green Bag. pp. pp. 16-19. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help); |pages= has extra text (help)
  32. ^ a b Leonhart (1939), p. 233.
  33. ^ a b "Speech & Debate Program". The Abell Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-06.
  34. ^ "About the BCFL". Baltimore Catholic Forensic League. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  35. ^ "Baltimore City College High School". Baltimore Urban Debate League. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  36. ^ "School Profile". National Forensic League. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  37. ^ Sirota (1954), p. 63.
  38. ^ "The Mayor's Annual Christmas Day Parade". Retrieved 2007-08-11. {{cite web}}: Text "Mayor's Christmas Parade Committee, Baltimore" ignored (help)
  39. ^ Sirota (1954), p. 62.
  40. ^ a b c d Fahey, Richard (2007). "Mellifluous Melodies:City College High Choir continues to make sweet music" (PDF). Baltimore City Public School System. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
  41. ^ a b "A public school victory". Baltimore Business Journal. 1999-05-07. Retrieved 2007-07-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  42. ^ "Baltimore City College Choir: Biography". Supporters of the Baltimore City College Choir. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
  43. ^ "Carnegie Hall's Weill Music Institute Selects Choirs from California, Maryland, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania to Participate in its Fifth Annual National High School Choral Festival". Carnegie Hall Corporation. 2007-10-02. Retrieved 2007-11-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  44. ^ Leonhart (1939), p. 198
  45. ^ Leonhart (1939), p. 200.
  46. ^ Sirota (1954), pp. 105-131.
  47. ^ a b "George Petrides of Baltimore City College Honored as Ravens HS Coach of the Week - September 11, 2006". National Football League. Retrieved 2006-09-19.
  48. ^ Kane, Gregory (2001-02-10). "Speaking of streaks, this one's even longer". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2007-07-26. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  49. ^ Leonhart (1939), p. 219.
  50. ^ a b Patterson, Ted (2000). Football in Baltimore: History and Memorabilia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. p. 7. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  51. ^ a b DiBlasi, Joe (2006-11-09). "City-Poly". Word Smith Media Ventures. Retrieved 2007-07-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  52. ^ Strasburger, Victor, editor (1967). The 1967 Green Bag. pp. p. 19. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help); |pages= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  53. ^ Fisher, Donald M. (2002). Lacrosse: A History of the Game. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. p. 83. Retrieved 2007-08-06. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  54. ^ "Lacrosse in Maryland". Maryland Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
  55. ^ Leonhart (1939), p. 237.
  56. ^ "The History of Maryland's Green Bag". Maryland State Archives. 2003. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
  57. ^ Baltimore City College, editor (2006). The 2007 Green Bag v. 111. pp. p. 3. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help); |pages= has extra text (help)
  58. ^ Leonhart (1939), p. 77.
  59. ^ a b Leonhart (1939), p. 126.
  60. ^ Goldman, Leah (2007-05-22). "Uni nationi non dividendae, cum libertate iustitiaque omnibus" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-08-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  61. ^ Howard, Jacob (2007), Serving the BCC Community since 1866, Baltimore, Md.: Baltimore City College Alumni Association, p. 4
  62. ^ Hancock, Jay. "Baltimore City College's all-star alumni". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2007-11-29.
  63. ^ Leonhart (1939), p. 274.
  64. ^ "J. William Kime 1990-1994". United States Coast Guard. March 2000. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
  65. ^ Leonhart (1939), p. 303.
  66. ^ Branch, Al (Dec 2000). "A Magnet School with Real Pull". Curriculum Administrator. 36 (11): 24–25. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help).
  67. ^ Wheeler, John Archibald (1998). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 84. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  68. ^ Rodbell, Martin (1994). "Autobiography". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
  69. ^ Leonhart (1939), p. 277.
  70. ^ "Leon Uris". The Times. 2003-06-25. Retrieved 2007-08-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  71. ^ Leonhart (1939), p. 293.
  72. ^ Schneider, Greg (2003-03-16). "Connections And Then Some: David Rubenstein Has Made Millions Pairing the Powerful With the Rich". Washington Post. p. F1. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  73. ^ Leonhart (1939), p. 274.
  74. ^ Daneker (1988), p. 33.
  75. ^ True-Frost, Jim (2006-09-17). "'The Wire' Watch". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2007-08-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  76. ^ "Newell Hall". Towson University. 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2007-11-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  77. ^ "Biographies of Fellows" (PDF). John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. 2005. Retrieved 2007-08-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |formate= ignored (help)
  78. ^ Daneker (1988), p. 123.
  79. ^ Rives, Ralph Hardee. "Robert Herring Wright". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2007-10-29.
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  82. ^ a b Leonhart (1939), p. 113

References

  • Daneker, David C., editor (1988). 150 Years of the Baltimore City College. Baltimore: Baltimore City College Alumni Association. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Leonhart, James Chancellor (1939). One Hundred Years Of Baltimore City College. Baltimore: H.G. Roebuck & Son.
  • Steiner, Bernard C. (1894). History of Education in Maryland. Washington: Government Printing Office.
  • Sirota, Wilbert, editor (1954). The Green Bag 1954. Baltimore: Baltimore City College Class of 1954. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External links

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