Paul of Greece
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Paul, King of The Hellenes (Greek Παύλος, Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων, December 14, 1901–March 6, 1964) was King of Greece from 1947 to 1964.
Paul was born in Athens, the third son of Constantine I, King of the Hellenes (2 August 1868 - 11 January 1923) and his wife, Princess Sophia of Prussia (14 June 1870 - 13 January 1932). He was trained as a naval officer. On January 9, 1938, Paul married Frederika of Hanover at Athens. They had three children:
- Sophia, Queen of Spain (born 1938)
- Constantine II, King of the Hellenes (born 1940)
- Irene, Princess of Greece and Denmark (born 1942)
From 1917 to 1920, Paul lived in exile with his father, Constantine I. From 1923 to 1935, and again from 1941 to 1946, he lived in exile again, this time with his brother, George II. During most of World War II, when Greece was under German occupation, he was with the Greek government-in-exile in London and Cairo. From Cairo, he broadcasted messages to the Greek people.
Reign
Paul returned to Greece in 1946. He succeeded to the throne in 1947, on the death of his brother, George II, during the Greek Civil War (between Greek Communists and the non-communist Greek government). In 1947 he was unable to attend the wedding of his first cousin, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh to the future Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom as he was suffering from typhoid fever.[1]
By 1949 the Civil War was effectively over, with the communist insurgents ceasing the majority of their operations, and the task of rebuilding the shattered north of the country began.[2]
In the 1950s Greece recovered economically, and diplomatic and trade links were strengthened by Paul’s state visits abroad. He became the first Greek monarch to visit a Turkish Head of State. However, links with Britain became strained over Cyprus, where the majority Greek population favored union with the homeland, which Britain, as the colonial power, would not endorse. Eventually, Cyprus became an independent state in 1960.[3]
In December 1959 Prince Maximillian of Bavaria presented the coronation regalia of King Otto of Greece to the King. It had been almost 100 years since they were last in Greece.
Meanwhile, republican sentiment was growing in Greece. Both Paul and Frederika attracted criticism for their interference in politics,[4] frequent foreign travels, and the cost of maintaining the royal family. Paul responded by economising and donated his private estate at Polidendri to the state.[5]
In 1959 he had an operation for cataract, and in 1963 an emergency operation for appendicitis. In late February 1964 he underwent a further operation for stomach cancer, and died about a week later in Athens.[6]
The Greek monarchy would only outlive him by nine years.
Reputed Homosexuality
Prior to his marriage he is said to have invited the homosexual literary muse, Denham Fouts, on a cruise of the Aegean Sea, and it is widely assumed that they were lovers.[7] However, Fouts often made up stories about his life and background, and many of the tales about him are myths.[8][9]
Ancestry
References
- ^ Van der Kiste, John (1994). Kings of the Hellenes. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Alan Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-0525-5 p.177
- ^ Van der Kiste, p.179
- ^ Van der Kiste, p.180
- ^ Woodhouse, C.M. Modern Greece: A Short History, Mackays of Chatham, Kent 1998, p283, Clogg, Richard: A Concise History of Greece, Cambridge University Press, 1992, p153
- ^ Van der Kiste, p.182-183
- ^ Van der Kiste, p.183-184
- ^ Leddick, David: Intimate Companions: A Triography of George Platt Lynes, Paul Cadmus, St. Martin's Press, New York 2000, p206; Fisher, Clive: Cyril Connolly: A Nostalgic Life, Macmillan, London 1995, p186
- ^ Bucknell, Katherine (1996). Christopher Isherwood Diaries: Volume One 1939–1960 London:Methuen. ISBN 0-413-69680-4 p.941
- ^ Clarke, Gerald (1988). Capote: A Biography. London:Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 0-241-12549-9 p.172
| Styles of King Paul I of The Hellenes | |
|---|---|
| Reference style | His Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Majesty |
| Alternative style | Sir |
- 1901 births
- 1964 deaths
- People from Athens
- Greek monarchs
- Greek princes
- Danish princes
- House of Hanover
- House of Glücksburg
- Knights of the Garter
- Knights of the Golden Fleece
- Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav
- Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
- Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John
- Orthodox monarchs
- Descendants of Queen Victoria