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Mad Men

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Mad Men
File:Madmenlogo.jpg
Mad Men logo
GenreDrama
Created byMatthew Weiner
StarringJon Hamm
Elisabeth Moss
Vincent Kartheiser
January Jones
Christina Hendricks
Bryan Batt
Michael Gladis
Aaron Staton
Rich Sommer
and John Slattery
Opening theme"A Beautiful Mine"
by RJD2
Country of origin United States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons2
No. of episodes18 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producerMatthew Weiner
Production locationLos Angeles
Running timeapprox. 47 min.
Original release
NetworkUnited States AMC
ReleaseJuly 19, 2007 –
present

Mad Men is an American television drama series created by Matthew Weiner. It is broadcast in the United States on the cable network AMC, and is produced by Lionsgate Television. It premiered on July 19, 2007, and completed its first season on October 18, 2007. Its second season began on July 27, 2008.

Set in New York City, Mad Men takes place in the early 1960s at the fictional Sterling Cooper advertising agency on New York City's Madison Avenue and centers on Don Draper (Jon Hamm), a high-level advertising executive, and the people in his life in and out of the office. It also depicts the changing social mores of 1960s America.

Mad Men has received considerable critical acclaim, particularly for its historical authenticity and visual style, and won various awards in its first season, including the Golden Globe for Best Drama and a 2007 Peabody Award. It was also nominated for 16 Primetime Emmy Awards in 2008, and is, alongside Damages, the first basic cable television series to be nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series.

Production

Conception

Matthew Weiner wrote the pilot of Mad Men in 1999 as a spec script when he was working as a staff writer for Becker.[1][2] Television producer David Chase recruited Weiner to work as a writer on his HBO series The Sopranos after reading the pilot script in 2002.[1][3] "It was lively, and it had something new to say," Chase said. "Here was someone [Weiner] who had written a story about advertising in the 1960s, and was looking at recent American history through that prism."[3] Weiner set the pilot script aside for the next seven years – during which time neither HBO nor Showtime expressed interest in the project[1][2] – until The Sopranos was completing its final season and cable network AMC happened to be in the market for new programming.[3] "The network was looking for distinction in launching its first original series," according to AMC Networks president Ed Carroll, "and we took a bet that quality would win out over formulaic mass appeal."[1]

Filming and production design

With the exception of the pilot episode, shot at Silvercup Studios in New York City, Mad Men is filmed at Los Angeles Center Studios on Panavision 35 mm cameras;[4] it has been converted to high definition for video-on-demand availability from various cable affiliates.[5] The writers, including Weiner, amassed volumes of research on the period in which Mad Men takes place so as to make all aspects of the series – including detailed set designs, costume design, and props – historically accurate,[2][3][6] producing an authentic visual style that garnered critical praise.[7][8][9] Each episode has a budget between $2–2.5 million, though the pilot episode's budget was over $3 million.[1][2] On the copious scenes featuring smoking, Weiner stated that "Doing this show without smoking would've been a joke. It would've been sanitary and it would've been phony."[6] Since the actors cannot, by law, smoke tobacco cigarettes in their workplace, they instead smoke herbal cigarettes.[1][6] In a nod to New York City, Robert Morse was cast in the role of senior partner Bertram Cooper; Morse starred in A Guide for the Married Man (1967), a source of inspiration for Weiner,[3] and the original cast production of How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying (1961) on Broadway.

Weiner collaborated with cinematographer Phil Abraham and production designers Robert Shaw (who worked on the pilot only) and Dan Bishop to develop a visual style that was "influenced more by cinema than television."[4] Alan Taylor, a veteran director of The Sopranos, directed the pilot and also helped establish the series' visual tone.[10] To convey an "air of mystery" around Don Draper, Abraham tended to shoot from behind him or would frame him partially obscured. Many scenes set at Sterling Cooper were shot lower-than-eyeline to incorporate the ceilings into the composition of frame; this reflects the photography, graphic design and architecture of the period. Abraham felt that neither steadicam nor handheld camera work would be appropriate to the "visual grammar of that time, and that aesthetic didn’t mesh with [their] classic approach" – accordingly, the sets were designed to be practical for dolly work.[4]

Episode format

The opening title sequence features credits superimposed over a graphic animation of a business man falling from a height, surrounded by skyscrapers with reflections of period advertising posters and billboards, accompanied by a short edit of the instrumental "A Beautiful Mine" by RJD2. The titles pay homage to graphic designer Saul Bass's skyscraper filled opening titles for Alfred Hitchcock's North by Northwest (1959) and falling man movie poster for Vertigo (1958) – Weiner has listed Hitchcock as a major influence on the visual style of the series.[6] At their end, episodes either fade to black or smash cut to black as period music or a theme by series composer David Carbonara plays during the ending credits.

Crew

Aside from having created the series, Matthew Weiner is the show runner, head writer, and the sole executive producer; he contributes to each episode – writing or co-writing the scripts, casting various roles, and approving costume and set designs.[1][2] He is notorious for being highly selective about all aspects of the series, and promotes a high level of secrecy around production details.[1][2] Tom Palmer served as a co-executive producer and writer on the first season. Scott Hornbacher, Todd London, Lisa Albert, Andre Jacquemetton, and Maria Jacquemetton were producers on the first season. Palmer, Albert, Andre Jacquemetton, and Maria Jacquemetton were also writers on the first season. Bridget Bedard, Chris Provenzano, and writer's assistant Robin Veith complete the first season writing team.

Albert, Andre Jacquemetton, and Maria Jacquemetton returned as supervising producers for the second season. Veith also returned and was promoted to staff writer. Hornbacher replaced Palmer as co-executive producer for the second season. Consulting producers David Isaacs and Marti Noxon joined the crew for the second season. Alan Taylor and Tim Hunter are regular directors for the series.

Characters

Mad Men is a fundamentally character-driven show, and it features an ensemble cast representing several (though not all) segments of society in 1960s New York, although it focuses more on Don Draper. Mad Men places emphasis on showing characters' pasts and their development over time.

The starring characters are the following six[11]:

  • Don Draper (Jon Hamm): creative director and eventual junior partner of Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; Draper is the series' protagonist. His past is shadowy, but he has achieved success and attained a reputation on account of his talent for insight into the consumer's mind. He is married to Elizabeth "Betty" Draper, with two children, but does not seem entirely satisfied and embarks on several affairs.
  • Peggy Olson (Elisabeth Moss): She began as the ostensibly naïve "new girl" at Sterling Cooper. Starting as Draper's unassuming new secretary, she shows talent in advertising often strikingly similar to Draper's own and is promoted to junior copywriter. She has an affair with Pete Campbell, resulting in the birth of a son. The state of New York places her son in the custody of her mother and sister in Brooklyn when doctors decide that Peggy is not fit to take care of the infant. Peggy does not inform Pete about the birth of their child, and her "time off of work" remains a mystery to most of the Sterling Cooper staff.
  • Peter "Pete" Campbell (Vincent Kartheiser): a young, ambitious junior account executive. Campbell comes from an old Manhattan family that, while it has of late run into financial difficulties, remains fairly influential, and he lived a life of privilege prior to joining Sterling Cooper. He appears to have been something of a cad at first, and sexually pursues Peggy despite his pending marriage to Trudy; he eventually settles down. He tries to blackmail Don Draper with information on the latter's past; the attempt backfires, but Campbell remains in good standing at Sterling Cooper.
  • Elizabeth "Betty" Draper (January Jones): Don Draper's wife and mother of their two children, Sally and Bobby. Prior to marrying Don, Betty had been a professional model. However, she has since become, on the surface, the very model of a 1950s homemaker, staying at home and minding the children while Don goes to work and comes back at odd hours. In the first season, her relationship with Don is rather distant, manifesting itself in tremors and other psychosomatic disturbances that eventually cause Don to set up sessions with a therapist. In season two, Betty is a much stronger person; she takes up horseback riding and frequently clashes with Don over matters of parenting.
  • Joan Holloway (Christina Hendricks): an office manager at Sterling Cooper. She is head of the secretarial pool, and acts as a professional and social mentor to Peggy, among other secretaries. She relishes the role of femme fatale, engaging in an affair with Roger Sterling until his heart attack. In season two, Joan reveals that she is engaged.
  • Roger Sterling (John Slattery): one of the two senior partners of Sterling Cooper, and a good friend of Don Draper. He was a notorious womanizer until a heart attack changed his perspectives. The heart attack did not affect his drinking habits, which remained excessive even by Sterling Cooper's standards. Despite these characteristics, he retains considerable affection from both Sterling Cooper employees (with whom he has far more contact than Bert Cooper) and his family. In season two, Roger appears to be back to his old habits.

In addition, these characters appear repeatedly in much of the series:

  • Rachel Menken (Maggie Siff): Jewish head of a department store who becomes romantically involved with Draper after she comes to Sterling Cooper in search of an advertising agency to revamp her business' image. The affair is brief and she later marries.
  • Francine Hanson (Anne Dudek): One of Betty Draper’s closest friends and neighbors. She spends much time with Betty, gossiping about other neighbors. She is also rather jealous and vindictive, becoming furious after discovering her husband Carlton's infidelity.
  • Midge Daniels (Rosemarie DeWitt): an illustrator engaged in an affair with Draper. She is involved with the Beats, and Don leaves her after realizing that she is in love with another man.
  • Paul Kinsey (Michael Gladis), Ken Cosgrove (Aaron Staton), and Harry Crane (Rich Sommer): a copywriter, an account executive and a media buyer, respectively. They form Pete Campbell's entourage and add depth to the office environment at Sterling Cooper.
  • Salvatore Romano (Bryan Batt): the Italian-American art director at Sterling Cooper. He is the only "ethnic" in a high-level position at the agency, and is also a closeted gay man. In fear of being caught and in deference to his mother's Roman Catholicism, he avoids engagements with other men, and marries a woman in season 2.
  • Bertram Cooper (Robert Morse): The senior partner at Sterling Cooper. He has a behind-the-scenes, hands-off approach to business, leaving day-to-day affairs to Sterling and Draper. He is a Republican with an admiration for the ideas of Ayn Rand. He is also fascinated by Japanese culture, especially Japanese art.
  • Herman 'Duck' Phillips (Mark Moses): Director of Account Services at Sterling Cooper. He had previously worked at the London office of Young & Rubicam, a larger agency, but an undisclosed fiasco caused him to leave. A tough, driven executive, he often clashes with Don Draper.
  • Trudy Campbell (Alison Brie): Pete Campbell's wife. She is apparently oblivious to Pete's early infidelity with Peggy. Trudy yearns to be a mother, and is jealous of women who are pregnant or have children of their own.

Episodes

Themes

Mad Men depicts the society and culture of the early 1960s, highlighting cigarette smoking, drinking, sexism, and racial bias as examples of how that era was so radically different from the present.[6][12] Smoking, far more common in 1960 than it is now, is featured throughout the series; almost every character can be seen smoking multiple times in the course of one episode.[6] In the pilot, representatives of Lucky Strike cigarettes come to Sterling Cooper looking for a new advertising campaign in the wake of a Reader's Digest report that smoking will lead to various health issues including lung cancer.[13] The show presents a culture in which men who are engaged or married frequently enter sexual relationships with other women. The series also observes advertising as a corporate outlet for creativity for mainstream, middle-class, young, white men. The main character, Don Draper, observes at one point about Sterling-Cooper, "This place has more failed artists and intellectuals than the Third Reich."[14] Along with each of these examples, however, there are hints of the future and the radical changes of the later 1960s; Betty's anxiety, the Beats Draper discovers through Midge, even talk about how smoking is bad for health (usually dismissed or ignored). Characters also see stirrings of change in the ad industry itself, with the Volkswagen Beetle's "Think Small" ad campaign mentioned and dismissed by many at Sterling Cooper.

Impact

Critical reception

Mad Men has received highly positive critical response since its premiere. Viewership for the premiere at 10 p.m. on July 19, 2007, was higher than any other AMC original series to date.[15] A New York Times reviewer called the series groundbreaking for "luxuriating in the not-so-distant past."[12] The San Francisco Chronicle called Mad Men "stylized, visually arresting […] an adult drama of introspection and the inconvenience of modernity in a man's world".[7] A Chicago Sun-Times reviewer described the series as an "unsentimental portrayal of complicated 'whole people' who act with the more decent 1960 manners America has lost, while also playing grab-ass and crassly defaming subordinates."[16] The reaction at Entertainment Weekly was similar, noting how in the period in which Mad Men takes place, "play is part of work, sexual banter isn't yet harassment, and America is free of self-doubt, guilt, and countercultural confusion."[17] The Los Angeles Times said that the show had found "a strange and lovely space between nostalgia and political correctness".[18] The show also received critical praise for its historical accuracy – mainly its depictions of gender and racial bias, sexual dynamics in the workplace, and the high prevalence of smoking and drinking.[19][3][18][20] The Washington Post agreed with most other reviews in regard to Mad Men's visual style, but disliked what was referred to as "lethargic" pacing of the storylines.[21]

The American Film Institute selected it as one of the 10 best television series of 2007,[22] and it was named the best television show of that year by the Television Critics Association[23] and several national publications, including the Chicago Tribune, The New York Times, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, TIME Magazine, and TV Guide.[24]

On June 20 2007, a consumer activist group called Commercial Alert filed a complaint with the United States Distilled Spirits Council alleging that Mad Men sponsor Jack Daniel's whiskey was violating liquor advertising standards since the show features "depictions of overt sexual activity" as well as irresponsible intoxication.[25] Jack Daniel's was mentioned by name in the fifth episode.

Among people who worked in advertising during the 1960s, opinions on the realism of Mad Men differ to some extent. Jerry Della Femina, who worked as a copywriter in that era and later founded his own agency, said that the show "accurately reflects what went on. The smoking, the prejudice and the bigotry."[1] Robert Levinson, one of Weiner's advertising consultants, who worked at BBDO from 1960 to 1980, concurred with Femina: "What [Matthew Weiner] captured was so real. The drinking was commonplace, the smoking was constant, the relationships between the executives and the secretaries was exactly right."[1] However, Allen Rosenshine, a copywriter who went on to lead BBDO, called the show "a total fabrication," saying, "if anybody talked to women the way these goons do, they’d have been out on their ass."[26]

Awards

In 2007, Mad Men won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series - Drama and Jon Hamm won the Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor In A Television Series - Drama for his performance as Don Draper. Mad Men received a 2007 Peabody Award from the Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Georgia.[27] Jon Hamm was nominated for Best Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series and the cast of Mad Men were nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series.[28] Additionally, Vincent Kartheiser was honored with a 2007 Young Hollywood award for his work as Pete Campbell.

The show also won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best New Series,[29] and the first-season episode "Shoot" won the Art Directors Guild Award for Excellence in Production Design for a Single Camera Television Series.[30] Mad Men also received a special achievement Satellite Award from the International Press Academy for Best Television Ensemble.[31]

Mad Men was the most-nominated drama series and the third most-nominated series overall at the 60th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2008, receiving 16 nominations total – behind the NBC comedy 30 Rock and the HBO miniseries John Adams, with 17 and 23 nominations, respectively.[32] Alongside the concurrently nominated FX drama Damages, it became one of the first basic cable series to ever be nominated for the award for Outstanding Drama Series.[33]

Marketing

In promotion for the series, AMC aired multiple commercials and a behind the scenes documentary on the making of Mad Men before its premiere. The commercials, as well as the documentary, featured the song "You Know I'm No Good" by Amy Winehouse.[6] The documentary, in addition to trailers and sneak peeks of upcoming episodes, were released on the official AMC website. Mad Men was also made available at the iTunes Store on July 20 2007, along with the "making of" documentary.[34]

For the second season, AMC undertook the largest marketing campaign it had ever launched, intending to reflect the "cinematic quality" of the series.[35] The Grand Central Station subway shuttle to Times Square was decorated with life-size posters of Jon Hamm as Don Draper, and quotes from the first season.[35] Inside Grand Central, flash mobs dressed in period clothing would hand out "Sterling Cooper" business cards to promote the July 27 season premiere.[35] Window displays were arranged at 14 Bloomingdale's stores for exhibition throughout July, and a 45' by 100' wallscape was posted at the corner of Hollywood and Highland in downtown Hollywood.[35] Television commercials on various cable and local networks, full-page print ads, and a 30-second trailer in Landmark Theaters throughout July were also run in promotion of the series.[35]

Inspired by the iconic Zippo brand, the DVD box set of the first season of Mad Men was designed like a flip-open Zippo lighter. Zippo subsequently developed two designs of lighters with "Mad Men" logos to be sold at the company headquarters and online.[36] The DVD box set, as well as a high definition Blu-ray disc set, was released July 1, 2008; it features a total of 23 audio commentaries on the season's 13 episodes from various members of the cast and crew.[37]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Witchel, Alex (2008-06-22). "'Mad Men' Has Its Moment". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-07-05.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Schwartz, Missy (2008-05-30). "'Mad Men': Inside Summer TV's No. 1 Hidden Gem". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-07-19.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Steinberg, Jacques (2007-07-18). "In Act 2, the TV Hit Man Becomes a Pitch Man". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-08-15. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ a b c Feld, Rob (March 2008). "Tantalizing Television". American Cinematographer. 89 (3). {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Haugsted, Linda (2007-06-25). "AMC Mad About VOD, HD Push for Mad Men". Multichannel News. Retrieved 2007-07-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Matthew Weiner et al. (2007). The Making of Mad Men (Documentary). AMC. {{cite AV media}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |authors= (help)
  7. ^ a b Goodman, Tim (2007-07-18). "New York in 1960, when the 'Mad Men' were in charge -- and everything was about to change". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2007-07-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ Salem, Rob (2007-07-19). "Lost in the '60s with Mad Men". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2007-07-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Poniewozik, James (2007-07-20). "Mad Men Watch: Lucky Strike". TIME. Retrieved 2007-07-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ "Mad Men - Cast & Crew - Alan Taylor". AMC. 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-20.
  11. ^ About the show, amctv.com. Retrieved on August 18, 2008
  12. ^ a b Stanley, Alessandra (2007-07-19). "Smoking, Drinking, Cheating and Selling". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-07-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ "Smoke Gets In Your Eyes". Mad Men. Season 1. Episode 1. 2007-07-19. AMC.
  14. ^ "New Amsterdam". Mad Men. Season 1. Episode 4. 2007-08-09. AMC.
  15. ^ Nordyke, Kimberly (2007-07-20). "AMC "Mad" about ratings for series bow". Reuters/Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2007-07-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ Elfman, Doug (2007-07-19). "'Men' behaving badly -- and honestly". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2007-07-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ Tucker, Ken (2007-07-13). "Mad Men". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-07-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ a b McNamara, Mary (2007-07-19). "Back when men were 'Mad Men'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2007-07-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ Lowry, Brian (2007-07-11). "Mad Men". Variety.com. Retrieved 2007-07-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ Salem, Rob (2007-07-19). "Lost in the '60s with Mad Men". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2007-07-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ Shales, Tom (2007-07-19). "AMC's 'Mad Men': A Bunch of Cutthroats Without an Edge". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-08-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ "AFI Awards 2007 Official Selections Announced" (PDF) (Press release). American Film Institute. 2007-12-16. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  23. ^ "AMC Scores First-Ever TCA Awards With Top Honors" (HTML) (Press release). Television Critics Association. 2008-07-19. Retrieved 2008-07-20. Members of the Television Critics Association bestowed three TCA Awards on AMC's freshman series "Mad Men" tonight, including Program of the Year, Outstanding New Program of the Year and Outstanding Achievement in Drama, marking the first-ever wins for the network.
  24. ^ "Best TV Shows of 2007". Metacritic. Retrieved 2008-07-18. It was also included in the top ten lists of the Boston Globe, Entertainment Weekly, the Los Angeles Times and LA Weekly, the New Jersey Star-Ledger, the Orlando Sentinel, the San Francisco Chronicle, the San Jose Mercury-News, and USA Today.
  25. ^ Smith, Lynn (2007-06-21). "'Mad Men' and Jack Daniel's: Bad mix?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2007-07-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  26. ^ Erikson, Chris (2007-08-27). "Remembering the days when a business lunch came in a highball glass". New York Post. Retrieved 2007-08-31. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ "Complete List of 2007 Peabody Award Winners" (HTML) (Press release). University of Georgia's Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication. 2008-04-02. Retrieved 2008-07-18. The way they were on Madison Avenue, in the Manhattan towers and the bedroom communities of New York, circa 1960, is recalled in rich detail and a haze of cigarette smoke in this exemplary period dramatic series.
  28. ^ "Nominations Announced For The 14th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards" (HTML) (Press release). Screen Actors Guild. 2007-12-20. Retrieved 2008-07-18. Specifically, the nominees were Bryan Batt, Anne Dudek, Michael Gladis, Jon Hamm, Christina Hendricks, January Jones, Vincent Kartheiser, Robert Morse, Elisabeth Moss, Maggie Siff, John Slattery, Rich Sommer, and Aaron Staton.
  29. ^ "2008 Writers Guild Awards Winners Announced" (HTML) (Press release). Writers Guild of America, West. 2008-02-09. Retrieved 2008-07-18. Specifically, the award went to Lisa Albert, Bridget Bedard, Andre Jacquemetton, Maria Jacquemetton, Tom Palmer, Chris Provenzano, Robin Veith, and Matthew Weiner.
  30. ^ "Art Directors Guild (ADG) Announces Winners Of Its 2007 Excellence In Production Design Awards" (PDF) (Press release). Art Directors Guild. 2007-02-16. Retrieved 2008-07-18. Specifically, the award went to Dan Bishop.
  31. ^ Maxwell, Erin (2007-12-17). "Satellite Award winners announced". Variety. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  32. ^ "60th Primetime Emmy Awards Nominations Summary". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  33. ^ Lowry, Brian (2008-07-17). "Emmys fond of dear 'John'". Variety. Retrieved 2008-07-19.
  34. ^ "AMC Announces Original Drama Series Mad Men To Launch on iTunes". PR Newswire. 2007-07-19. Retrieved 2007-07-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  35. ^ a b c d e "AMC Launches Largest Marketing Campaign to Date to Promote Season Two of Mad Men" (HTML) (Press release). Rainbow Media. 2008-06-30. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  36. ^ Elliott, Stuart (2008-06-30). "Madison Avenue Likes What It Sees in the Mirror". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-07-19.
  37. ^ Chaney, Jen (2008-07-01). "Good 'Men,' With More Than a Few Extras". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-07-19.