King's College, Cambridge

King's College, Cambridge is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Formally King's College of Our Lady and St. Nicholas, it is often referred to as King's within the university.

History

King's was founded in 1441 by King Henry VI. His first design was modest, but by 1445 was intended to be a magnificent display of royal patronage. There were to be a Provost and seventy scholars, occupying an substantial site in central Cambridge whose drastic clearance involved the closure of several streets. The college was granted a remarkable series of feudal privileges, and all of this was supported by a substantial series of endowments from the King.

The college was to be specifically for boys from Eton College, which he had also founded. The connection with Eton remained strong for many years: it was not until 1865 that the first non-Etonian undergraduates arrived to study at King's, and the first fellow to have not attended Eton was elected in 1873.

The very first buildings of the college, now part of the Old Schools, were begun in 1441, but by 1443 the decision to build to a much grander plan had been taken. That plan survives in the 1448 Founders Will describing in detail a magnificent court with a chapel on one side. But within a decade, civil war meant that funds from the King began to dry up. By the time of his deposition in 1461, the chapel walls had been raised 60ft high at the east end but only 8ft at the west; a building line which can still be seen today as the boundary between the lighter stone below and the darker above. Work proceeded sporadically until a generation later in 1508 when the Founder's nephew King Henry VII was prevailed upon to finish the shell of the building. The interior had to wait a further generation until completion by 1544 with the aid of King Henry VIII.

It has been speculated that the choice of the college as a beneficiary by the two later Henry's was a political one, with Henry VIII in particular concerned to legitimate a new, post civil war, Tudor regime by demonstrating patronage of what was by definition the King's College. It is certainly true that the later building work is marked by an uninhibited branding with the Tudor rose and other symbols of the new establishment, quite against the precise instructions of the Founders Will.

Education at King's

The unofficial and sometimes disputed Tompkins Table ranked King's tenth out of a total of twenty-nine rated colleges at the University of Cambridge in 2005; the college's position has fluctuated between tenth and twentieth over the years 2000-2005.

King's offers all undergraduate courses available at the University, except for education and veterinary medicine, although Directors of Studies for Anglo-Saxon Norse & Celtic, Geography, Land Economy and Management Studies all visit from other colleges.

Since its foundation, the college has housed a library, providing books for all students, covering all the subjects offered by King's. Around 130,000 books are held: some available for teaching and for reference, others being rare books and manuscripts.

The college has gradually broadened its intake to include many students from state schools, and it is now widely regarded as one of the most progressive of the Cambridge colleges. Nonetheless, this common conception can be slightly misleading; although approximately 80% of King's students are state educated, the majority of these are drawn from elite grammar schools and leading Home Counties comprehensives. Details of the true class breakdown of the student body are not available.

Student Life

As with all Cambridge colleges King's has both its own student union for undergraduates (King's College Student Union or KCSU), and graduates (King's College Graduate Society or KCGS). Having a reputation for being more politically-active than other colleges students at King's have used both organisations to assist in the decision-making processes in the College itself and the University — King's students successfully established a university-wide rent strike during the 1999-2000 academic year in response to increased living costs; although a second rent-strike in 2003 was much less successful.

King's has a venue known as the Cellar Bar, a small room in the basement of the college, which regularly acts as a music venue. The main bar at King's is far older, and is the site of more informal meetings between students. A columnist in The Times newspaper recently attributed the (controversial) decision of the College Council to repaint the bar to a more subdued beige from its more traditional (socialist) red, and to remove a painted hammer and sickle, as one of the factors involved in Dame Judith Mayhew's decision to step down as Provost after just two years in charge of the College. King's also has a dedicated Coffee Shop adjacent to the bar. Another college bar is the Vacation Bar, or "vac bar", run by (and mainly for) graduate students. The Vac Bar is sometimes open only outside term-time, though this varies from year-to-year.

Whereas most Cambridge colleges celebrate May week with a May Ball (which actually falls in June), King's has traditionally held a "June Event" — a much more informal version of a May Ball.

King's College Chapel

Main article: King's College Chapel, Cambridge

The College Chapel, an example of late Gothic architecture, was built over a period of 100 years in three stages. Much of the stone used in its construction came from Ramsey Abbey near Ramsey, Cambridgeshire. The Chapel features the world's largest fan vault, stained glass windows, and the painting "The Adoration of the Magi" by Rubens.

The Chapel is actively used as a place of worship and also for some concerts and college events. The world-famous Chapel choir consists of choral scholars (male students from the college) and choristers (boys educated at the nearby King's College School). The choir sings services on most days in term-time, and also performs concerts and makes recordings and broadcasts. In particular, it has broadcast its Nine Lessons and Carols on the BBC from the Chapel on Christmas Eve for many decades. Additionally, there is a mixed-voice Chapel choir of male and female students, King's Voices, which sings evensong on Mondays during term-time.

The Chapel is widely seen as the symbol of Cambridge, for example in the logo of the city council (image).

Alumni

Time Magazine published in 2000 a list (at http://www.time.com/time/time100/) of what it considered the most 'influential and important' people of the 20th century. In a somewhat Americanocentric list of 100 names, King's was the only European institution that could claim two: Alan Turing and John Maynard Keynes who had been both students and Fellows at the college. Other alumni of King's College have included Prime Ministers, Archbishops, and the lyricist of a chart topping football anthem.

External links

References

Saltmarsh, John. King's College. In Victoria County History of Cambridgeshire, Volume III, ed JPC Roach, 1959.