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Reborn doll

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A typical reborn doll. Note the added cloth body on the limbs, and the "rear plate" to make it more realistic.

A reborn doll is a manufactured vinyl play doll that has been transformed in order to achieve as much realism as possible in order to resemble a life like human baby. The process of creating a reborn doll is referred to as reborning, and the doll artists are referred to as reborners.[1]

Reborn dolls are also known as living dolls or unliving dolls.[2]

History

Reborners say their hobby began in the United States in the early 1990s.[2][3] Reborning follows a long tradition of collectors, artists, and manufactures restoring and enhancing dolls in order to portray more realism.[4] In 2002, the first reborn was offered on e-bay.[4] At first the niche market for the dolls was doll collectors who admired the superior realism of the doll.[4]However, the market quickly reached those who wanted to use the doll as an emotional response, either to mother or for therapeutic purposes.[4] Mass media coverage helped spread the idea to other countries, mainly Britain and Australia.[3] This has expanded the reborn market allowing artists to open online stores which function figuratively as nurseries. Doll manufacturers have also caught on to the trend and sell supplies, tools, and accessories catering to reborn followers.[4] This has allowed reborners to invent new techniques causing the dolls to become increasingly realistic over time.[5] Magazines, books, organizations, and conventions dedicated to reborn dolls have also appeared since these events.

Collecting reborn dolls

Many institutions have developed to aide reborn hobbyists with collecting by providing information, products, and social networking. These institutions include magazines, and associations and organizations. These institutions also hold and sponsor conferences and conventions.

Purchasing

Reborn dolls are usually found online and can be purchased through eBay, artists online stores (often termed nurseries), and conventions. There is a large price range depending on the quality of the doll and how realistic it is.[6] It is not uncommon for a reborn to sell for thousands of dollars.[5] There are many factors to look for that determine the quality of a reborn.[6] If the complexion is too dark this is called a blue baby, and indicates it was dyed excessively or uses colored sand for weight that could seep in the vinyl.[7] The type of material used to weight the reborn is important as some ruin the vinyl over time.[7] The doll should not be shiny.[7] The parts used are important, as original parts may be replaced and must be appropriately proportioned and quality material used.[7] At times having the original body retains the dolls value.[7] Eye brand,size, fitting, and alignment should be closely examined.[7] The type of paint used for coloring and whether the coloring is realistic and detailed (veins etc), as well as the type and technique used for rooting the hair are determinants that may raise or lower the quality.[7] The nose should be correctly opened and shaped, and the nails should be correctly manicured. [7]

Associations and Organizations

International Reborn Doll Artists (IRDA)

Formation

The IRDA originated at the first ever conference for reborn doll artists on January 21, 2005.[8]

Objective

IRDA's website states that their goal is to offer continued education as a means for others to improve their skills in the art of reborn doll creation.[9] Classes are regularly held for those who wish to be up to date on the newest techniques and meet others who share a common interest in reborn doll fabrication.[9] Classes are routinely held and can be found on their website.[9]

Code of Ethics

Members are asked to uphold a list of standards that were created by the IRDA's executive board.[8] The ethical code stipulates that members keep up with new techniques in the art of reborn doll fabrication, while maintaining a positive relationship with manufacturers by respectfully discussing and giving credit to their.[8] The IRDA provides examples for both assigning credit and for preventing problems for a manufacturer when a reborn doll artist alters the original design of a doll.[8] The code further states that members advertise and sell their best work to continue the professionalism of the organization.[8] Relationships between members is discussed as well, as the list continues by encouraging support and aid towards other artists. [8] IRDA advises feedback between artists, but always in a positive manner, unless otherwise asked for.[8] Discussion between other organizations in a negative manner is strictly frowned upon.[8] Above all, IRDA wishes that all members uphold a high level of professionalism and maintain their education in the art of reborn doll fabrication.[8]

Magazines

Lifelike Dolls

Lifelike Dolls is a reborning and sculpting magazine in North America. [10] The magazine was developed by two reborn artists Sheri McDonald and Cheryl Bage.[10]This is a print magazine that is issued bi-monthly.[10]Each issue features articles, tutorials and editorials, an established artist, an up and coming artist and a collector, and lead stories.[10]

Doll Reader and Discover Dolls

On December 15, 2008 Doll Readers parent company Madavor Media and Discover Dolls Magazine entered a partnership.[11]

Doll Reader

A magazine published nine times a year, Doll Reader provides novice to advanced collectors with information on antique, vintage, modern, and contemporary dolls.[12] Each issue features artist profiles, new research on antique and vintage dolls, the latest collecting trends and exclusives, as well as the newest releases from manufacturers and artists.[12]World-renowned doll authorities Jan Foulke, A. Glenn Mandeville, and Patricia N. Schoonmaker provide expert information in their columns on antique, vintage, and modern dolls.[12]It also supports the the IDEX trade shows, the Tiny Treasures consumer show, the Colliii awards. [11]

Discover Dolls

Discover Dolls is a magazine established in 2006 that concentrates on reborning, sculpting, and baby doll art.[13] It provides a doll magazine that caters the UK doll market, focusing on the rapidly growing arts of reborning and sculpting worldwide.[13] Discover Dolls is aimed at both the artists and collectors of reborns.[13] Each issue features pictures, artist profiles, new products, news, puzzles, tutorials, patterns, show guides, show reviews and other content.[13] Through these features the magazine claims distinction from other magazines because it does not just provide information but involves the reader.[14] It produces two doll shows each year in the UK, and supports the Colliii awards. [14]

Conferences and Conventions

The First Annual International Reborn Doll Artists Conference was held in Orlando, Florida on January 21-23, 2005 in conjunction with IDEX The Annual Debut of the World's Finest Collectibles. IDEX Premiere January 21-23, 2005, 14th Annual Event ExpoCenter at the Orlando Centroplex [8]

In January 2006 in Las Vegas, Nevada, Doll Reader magazine sponsored the IDEX Reborn Competition at the First International IDEX Reborn Convention[15]

In the summer of 2008 ABC News followed a reborn convention in Illinois[16]

Colliii is a website for doll lovers. Their first awards show was held in Germany in 2008 and turned out to be the largest baby doll competitions in the world.[17] The awards feature a reborn category.[18]

The first annual Tiny Treasures Show was held in 2008.[19] The show features exhibitors, collectors, retailers, manufacturers, workshops, contests, and a banquet.[19]

Reborn dolls can be found at general doll conventions as well. Even though the main focus of these conventions are dolls in general, reborn doll creators use these shows to introduce their product to new consumers.

Fabrication

The creation of a reborn doll is a time consuming and painstaking process. To begin this process one must have a manufactured play vinyl doll, the necessary tools and supplies, all of which can be purchased separately or together in a reborn doll kit.

The appearance of the doll depends on the creator; however, certain reborn artists allow customers to customize their doll, usually using a photograph to replicate the physical characteristics of a child lost as an infant.[20] These Dolls are often termed fake babies or twin baby dolls.[21]

Doll Types

Many different types of dolls exist that can be transformed into reborns. Dolls vary by size, sculpting, and the material they are made of making some more desirable or popular than others. Some popular dolls to reborn are:

Berenguer Babies and Preemie dolls

JC Toys Berenguer Babies and Secrist Preemie dolls were the forerunners to the transformed lifelike reborns.[22] They were the first on the market to closely resemble human babies in their realistic expressions, body shapes, materials used on the outer surfaces of the doll, and other lifelike attributes.[22] These already lifelike qualities make them ideal and easiest for reborning.[23]

Ashton Drake

The Ashton Drake Dolls are another popular option due to there realistic qualities.[24] The dolls are carefully carved out of the trademarked-material Real-Touch Vinyl Skin.[24] Almost all of the Ashton Drake Dolls are created and marketed based on certain themes. One of the most popular dolls is named Emmy from the theme based collection called Tiny Miracles.[24]

OOAK

Once a reborner transforms a doll or a doll kit it is called an OOAK Reborn Doll (One of a Kind Reborn Doll)and considered a unique work of art. [25]

Ethnic Reborn Dolls

As reborn dolls gain recognition, the amount of ethnic reborn dolls are also increasing.[26]However, they are not a dominant aspect in the market. Mixing paint for specific skin tones can be difficult, so many reborn artists make various skin tones available by selling ready mixed genesis heat paint sets.[26]

Kits

Many reborn artists assemble Reborn Doll Kits in which the first several steps of the reborning process is previously completed. Reborn artists who design the blank doll kit are known as doll sculptors.[21] Technically if a reborn is transformed from a kit it is termed newborn.[21] The kits generally come with disassemble limbs, body and head pieces,that have been been stripped of there factory paint.[27] Occasionally select supplies will be included however, various parts may need to be purchased separately.[27] Reborn Doll Kits come in a variety of sizes.[27]

Some doll manufactuers produce Reborn Doll Kits.[5] JC Toys began selling kits in December 2007, after realizing the popularity in reborners transforming their line of Berenguer Babies into reborns.[5] The Secrist Preemie Doll Kit is another popular type. In order to capture the realism of a premature child A Preemie Reborn Doll Kit comes in sizes to correspond with the size of a real premature infant.[28] The most common Preemie reborn doll kit size is a 16" doll but other options include twins and triplets or even smaller dolls termed "micro" preemies.[28] Because of the irregular size of the Preemie Doll the kit may also contain clothing and accessories such as diapers to fit the doll.[28] Other Secrist Doll Kits are available in 17, 19, and 22 inch kits.[29] Manufacturers such as Secrist also offer special addition kits.[29]

Supplies

Reborn Doll supplies can be found from numerous websites, but the basic components remain roughly the same. Heads, limbs and body plates are offered in a variety of material that are ready to be painted to the desired color.[6].Body Slips act as the torso of the reborn doll, where the head, limbs and body plates are attached.[6] Some body slips do not come with cable ties and must be purchased separately. Cable ties are used to connect the extremities and the head.[30] Hair is an optional choice to add to one's doll, but can be found in a variety of types,usually fine mohair or human hair, are applied To attach the hair, rooting tools are utilized such as a Rooting Needle.[31]Rooting needles are available in numerous sizes; a 36 gauge is suggested as a starter but other sizes such as 38, 40, and 42 gauge are available that correspond to the thickness of the hair purchased.[32] Eyes for one's reborn doll can be purchased in full and half round sphere shapes that correspond to the owner's doll, which may need to be altered depending on the manufacturer.[33] Both glass and plastic eyes are offered in several colors and are commonly found in 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 mm sizes.[34] However, one can find eyes as small as 2mm.[34] To add to the realness of the eyes, eyelashes are available in a number of colors that are usually matched to the doll's hair and are rooted in the same manner, or they can be drawn on using a standard eyebrow pencil.[35] Adding paint to the doll provides a more lifelike representation of a real baby, however they're numerous colors that can be purchased by one's personal judgment.[36] The most common type of paint to use among reborners is genesis heat set paint.[36] Other supplies include acetone or odorless paint thinner, mauve dye for the inside of the limbs, brown felt and files for the nose, colored pencils for the details, caulk for doll reassembly, some type of weighting material such as pellets, and baby tears that provide a more realistic effect.[32][37]

Reborning

The technique of reborning a play doll typically involves the following processes:

To begin the doll is taken apart and factory paint is removed.[38] Then a purple color wash is applied to the inside of each vinyl part to give the appearance of realistic baby skin undertones, darker colors have the tendency to bleed or seep through the vinyl causing a unwanted 'bruised' appearance.[39] Next, the nose must be opened to give the doll the appearance that it can breath.[33] For dolls with an awake appearance eyes must be replaced.[33] Now the exterior is painted using various techniques to add to the appearance of translucent skin tones.[40] Effects such as veins, blotching, and "milk-spots" are added to resemble the imperfection in the skin of a newborn baby.[40]Creators use multiple layers of paint, baked on in an oven after each layer, to achieve these various looks[40]Lighter skin tone dolls can take fifteen to thirty layers.[5] Other details such as lips, nails, eyebrows may be taken care of in the next step.[35] The next step is to apply hair and eyelashes.[31] The hair can either done in one of two processes.[31] A process called wigging is quicker, but many reborners believe it creates a less realistic looking doll.[41] The other process is called microrooting.[31] Rooting tools and felting needles are used to add the hair strand by strand.[31] This can take up to thirty or more hours per head. After wards the hair must be styled.[42] Once the hair is finished, the original vinyl body is replaced with a soft stuffed and weighted body.[43] The weight corresponds with its age to achieve a real effect.[43] The final step is to reassemble the doll.[30]

Additions

Various additions also can be added to give the doll an even more life like appearance.[5] Reborns heads are often weighted, so that owners have to support the head like one would a real newborn. [5]Purchasers can have magnets attached inside the mouth or head for attaching a pacifier or hair bows. [5]Electronic devices that mimic a heart beat, or make the chest rise and fall to simulate breathing are common.[5] Reborns can come with an umbilical cord, heat packs may be added to make the reborn warm to the touch, and voice boxes may also be included that mimic infant sounds.[44] For preemie dolls, they may come in incubators with a breathing apparatus attached to their nose. [5]

Doll Care

These dolls are not considered toys and should be treated with care.[45] They generally are not made for children and there should be adult supervision when children handle these dolls.[45]Different parts may come loose and pose a choking hazard for children.[45] Owners should take care when repositioning doll or changing its clothing.[45] The dolls joints may become loose if they are forced.[45] Reborn dolls should be kept away from extreme temperatures.[45] If the doll gets too hot, the paint may bleed or the glue may loosen.[45] If the doll gets too cold, parts of the doll can crack.[45]

Mothering reborn dolls

Almost all reborn customers are women, particularly older women.[3] Some women merely collect reborns as they would a non-reborn doll, while others purchase them to fill a void of a lost child and treat reborns as living babies.[16] Many reborn owners have gone through miscarriages, have no means for adoption, or suffer from empty nest syndrome.[16] They utilize the dolls as substitute children, or forever babies who will never grow.[16] Some women dress the dolls, wash their hair, take them for walks in strollers and take them shopping.[16] Studies suggest that when cuddling a baby, real or realistic, hormones release causing emotional well-being.[16]Some reborner hobbiest refer to this behavior as cuddle therapy.[3] On a British magazine television show called Richard and Judy, psychiatrist Raj Persuad tells the host's that while mothering a real newborn baby mothers release the hormone Oxytocin which may explain a reborners attachment to the reborn doll. [46] Reborns are not "bought" or "sold".[5] Reborns are adopted from a nursery, although money still changes hands. They often come with fake birth certificates or adoption certificates.[5]

The Reborn Debate

Criticism

There have been various criticisms regarding reborn dolls. Because reborn dolls look so real, they can often be mistaken for real babies. There had been reports of police officers breaking into cars to "rescue" them, mistaking them for actual infants.[47][48]

On December 10, 2008 Dr. Phil McGraw featured reborn doll segment on his daytime television show.[49] Along with guest correspondent Stefanie Wilder-Taylor, Dr. Phil discussed whether reborn doll collectors and artists were merely passionate about their dolls or were overly obsessive, even to the point where they could potentially harm their relationships with friends and family.[49] Dr. Phil concluded that those who collect reborn dolls could simply be harmless collectors; however, he did set recommend some conditions and boundaries to help determine the line between passion and a harmful obsession.[49]

Child bereavement counselors have warned parents against trying to replace dead children with dolls.[44] But doll-enthusiasts say it is about remembrance, not replacement.[44]

Psychiatrist Sue Varma, teacher at the NYU school of medicine, says mothering reborn dolls rather than just collecting them can become a problem when it is used as prop and becomes the person's only form of social interaction.[16]

Many media features and public receptions use adjectives such as "creepy" to describe the reborns. This can be explained by the uncanny valley hypothesis. This states that as objects become more lifelike they gain an increasing empathetic response, until a certain point in which the response changes to repulsion. Some department stores have refused to stock the dolls because of this reaction, claiming they too lifelike. [3]

Benefits

Psychiatrist Gail Saltz with New York Presbyterian Hospital, supports the use of reborns for people who do not want to make the commitment of having a real child, and also to comfort bereaved parents.[50] She offers that in this case the reborn may symbolize a step within the grieving process.[50] Concern should only come if someone who lost a baby grew too attached to their reborn because it could indicate their grief is not actually getting resolved.[50] Having this kind of doll risks being almost too literal and concrete for them. [50]

Ian James, a doctor at the Centre for the Health of the Elderly at Newcastle General Hospital in the U.K., said that holding the dolls helps calm elderly residents, helping them feel peaceful and quiet.[3]

Expectant mothers can also benefit from reborn dolls.[51] Reborn dolls allow expectant mothers to become accustomed to taking care of a real child.[51] These dolls help expectant mothers practice changing, nursing, picking up, and handling a baby.[51] The weight of reborn dolls combined with the clothing make these dolls ideal for training.[51]

Media attention

A Typical Reborn Doll. Baby Emmaline by Donna Lee Originals.

In July 2008, police in Queensland, Australia smashed a car window to rescue what seemed like an unconscious baby only to find it was a reborn doll. The police stated that the doll was "incredibly lifelike" and that bystanders who thought a baby was actually dying were frightened by the incident.[47] A similar incident was reported in the United States in which police broke the window of Hummer to save a baby that turned out to be a reborn.[48]

Reborners uncovered a blogging hoax in which an anti-abortionists named Becca Bueshausen claimed she was pregnant with a terminally ill child.[52] She opened a P.O. box in order to receive gifts, money, and prayers.[52]The hoax was uncovered when reborn readers of the blog realized that the pictures of the baby that were posted on the blog were actually a reborn that they recognized through the familiar reborn sculpt. [52]

In January of 2009, Wanda Achers was arrested on suspicion of international drug trafficking in Santa Rosa, California.[53] A search warrant led to the recovery of $25,574, 1.5 kilos of cocaine, and 12 collector’s “reborn” dolls filled with cocaine, ready for sale.[53] According to authorities, this is the third in a recent series of arrests that focus on the use of children’s toys in the trafficking of cocaine, but the first to include reborn dolls.[53] Authorities also indicate tracking dolls selling for more than $900, but are relieved that most expensive dolls are not in fact filled with cocaine.[53] Ultra-fine glass granules are often used to fill the hollow limbs of the dolls to add a genuine weight and feel to the finished product.[53] The limbs make an excellent receptacle for storing and shipping drugs.[53]

A 10 December 2008 episode of Dr. Phil entitled "Obsessions" discussed the topic of reborning.[49]

A January 2008 Channel 4 series, My Fake Baby, explored the lives of women who collect the lifelike baby dolls.[54] Featuring this documentary the British television magazine show on Channel 4, Richard and Judy, held an interview with the reborn artist in the documentary Janie Eaton, a collector Mary Flint, and psychiatrist Raj Persuad.[46]

A 2 January 2009 ABC News article described both the manufacturing and the emotional interaction of reborn dolls.[16]

A 2 January 20/20 episode talked about the mothering process and attachment to reborns. [55]

A 25 July 2008 episode of the View showed three reborns that were provided by Bountiful Baby and reported that they were used by grieving parents.[56]

A 31 January 2008 Inside Edition episode aired a segment showing artist Eve Newsom and her reborn dolls.[57][56]

References

  1. ^ http://www.secristdolls.com/introducing_authentic_reborn_paints Secrist Doll Company. 2009. Retrieved on 2009-07-21.
  2. ^ a b "Beautiful Reborn Dolls". Reborn Dolls, Kits and Clothing. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Attract, repel: lifelike dolls are collector cult". Reuters. 17 July 2008. Retrieved 2009-07-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  4. ^ a b c d e Montcombroux, Vieve Montcombroux. Simply Irresistible: What is that elusive quality that makes reborns so hard to resist?. Doll Reader Magazine. June/July 2008. Retrieved 2009-07-17
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l It's not a doll. It's a baby.Shimo, Alexandra. Maclean's. 7 April 2008. Vol. 121 Issue 13, p48-49. Retrieved 2009-07-16
  6. ^ a b c d "Reborn Doll Buying Guide". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Kohlscheen, Cindy. 10 Questions to Ask when Purchasing a Reborn Doll. Doll Reader Magazine. June/July 2006. Retrieved 2009-07-14
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "About IRDA". IRDA. 2007. Retrieved 2009-07-12.
  9. ^ a b c "IRDA Home". IRDA. 2007. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  10. ^ a b c d "About Us". Lifelike Dolls. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
  11. ^ a b "Discover Dolls Forms Alliance with Madavor Media". Catherine Read. February 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
  12. ^ a b c "Doll Reader Magazine". Madavor Media. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
  13. ^ a b c d "Welcome to Discover Dolls". Catherine Read. 2006. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
  14. ^ a b "About Us". Catherine Read. 2006. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
  15. ^ Lynch, Joan. Idex Reborn Convention and Competition: The bar has been raised. Doll Reader Magazine. September 2006. Retrieved 2009-07-02
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h "Not Child's Play: 'I Feel Like I Have a Real Baby'". ABC News. 2 January 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "About the Awards". Colliii. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  18. ^ "Doll Reader Magazine". Madavor Media. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
  19. ^ a b "General Information". Tiny Treasures. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
  20. ^ Celizic,Mike (1 October 2008). "Unliving Dolls: Women Collect Fake Babies". MSNBC News. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
  21. ^ a b c Hydroponics Systems & Kits Administrator (20 June 2009). "Collecting Lifelike Baby Dolls". Hydroponics System. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  22. ^ a b "Reborn Dolls". Reborndolls.org. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  23. ^ "Berenguer Reborn Dolls". Reborn Dolls, Kits and Clothing. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  24. ^ a b c "Ashton Drake Reborn Dolls". Reborn Dolls, Kits and Clothing. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  25. ^ "OOAK Reborn Dolls". Reborn Dolls, Kits and Clothing. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  26. ^ a b "Ethnic Reborn Dolls". Reborn Dolls, Kits and Clothing. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  27. ^ a b c "Reborn doll kits". Reborn Dolls, Kits and Clothing. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  28. ^ a b c "Preemie Reborn Doll". Reborndolls.org. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  29. ^ a b "Reborn Supplies". Secrist Doll Company. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  30. ^ a b "How to Make Reborn Baby Dolls: Step 7:Assembly". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  31. ^ a b c d e "How to Make Reborn Baby Dolls: Step 6a:Rooting". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  32. ^ a b "Reborn Doll Guide". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  33. ^ a b c "How To Make Reborn Baby Dolls:Step 3:Eyes/Nose". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  34. ^ a b "Reborn Doll Eyes". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  35. ^ a b "How to Make Reborn Baby Dolls: Step 5:Details". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  36. ^ a b "Reborn Doll Paints". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  37. ^ "Other supplies". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  38. ^ "How to Make Reborn Baby Dolls:Step 1:Prep". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  39. ^ "How to Make Reborn Baby Dolls:Step 2:Base Color". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  40. ^ a b c "How to Make Reborn Baby Dolls: Step 4:Color". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  41. ^ "How to Make Reborn Baby Dolls: Step 6b:Wigging". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  42. ^ "How to Make Reborn Baby Dolls: Step 7:Styling". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  43. ^ a b "How to Make Reborn Baby Dolls: Step 8:Weighting". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  44. ^ a b c Grieving parents turning to `super-realistic' dolls. Northern Territory News. 4 March 2007. Section: News, pg. 008. Retrieved 2009-07-05
  45. ^ a b c d e f g h "Caring for your reborn doll". Reborn Doll House. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  46. ^ a b "My Fake Baby - Richard and Judy - 2008-01-28(couchtripper)". You Tube. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  47. ^ a b "Frantic rescue effort saves doll, not baby". News Limited. 15 July 2008. Retrieved 2009-07-13. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  48. ^ a b "Scary Photos: Reborn Baby Dolls Bring Rescue Effort, Fool Police". The National Ledger. 16 July 2008. Retrieved 2009-07-13. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  49. ^ a b c d "Dr. Phil Obsessions?". PETESKI PRODUCTIONS, INC. 2009. Retrieved January 29, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  50. ^ a b c d "Fake babies ease women's anxiety, sadness: Dr. Gail Saltz looks at the psychology of adults who "play" with reborn doll". MSNBC interactive. 3 October 2008. Retrieved 2009-07-11. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  51. ^ a b c d "'Reborn baby dolls and Expectant Moms". 7 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-15. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  52. ^ a b c "Anti-Abortion Blogger Admits Hoax: Blogger Claiming Pregnancy With Sick Child Caught in Web of Lies by Readers". ABC News. 13 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-13. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  53. ^ a b c d e f ""Roborn Doll Maker Arrested on Cocaine Charges"". Wine and Excrement. January 12, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  54. ^ "My Fake Baby". Channel 4. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  55. ^ "When Those Cute Babies Aren't Real". ABC 20/20. 2 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
  56. ^ a b "Reborn in the media". Lifelike Dolls. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
  57. ^ "Reborn Baby Artist Eve Newsom". You Tube. 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

Further Reading

Barrow-Belisle, Michelle (2006). Beautiful Babies: The Art of Reborn Doll Making. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1411678231.

Holper, Jeanine M. (2006). Excellence in Reborn Artistry: Learn the Reborning Art: Create Reborn Dolls Instructions & Tutorial. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-4357-1254-6.

Nakamura, Lisa (2008). Digitizing race: Visual Cultures of the Internet. The University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0816646128.

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