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Errol Flynn

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For the Dogs D'Amour album, see Errol Flynn (album).
Errol Flynn
Errol Flynn c.1940
Born
Errol Leslie Thompson Flynn[1]

(1909-06-20)20 June 1909[1]
Hobart, Australia[1]
Died14 October 1959(1959-10-14) (aged 50)
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Interred: Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California
OccupationActor
Years active1932–59
Spouse(s)
​
(m. 1935⁠–⁠1942)​
(divorce)
​
(m. 1943⁠–⁠1948)​
(divorce)
​
(m. 1950⁠–⁠1959)​
(his death)

Errol Leslie Flynn (20 June 1909[1] – 14 October 1959) was an Australian actor.[2] He was known for his romantic swashbuckler roles in Hollywood films and his flamboyant lifestyle.

Background and early life

Errol Flynn was born in Hobart, Tasmania, where his father, Theodore Thomson Flynn, was a lecturer (1909) and later professor (1911) of biology at the University of Tasmania (UTAS). His mother was born Lily Mary Young, but dropped the first names Lily Mary shortly after she was married and changed her name to Marelle.[3] Flynn described his mother's family as "seafaring folk"[4] and this appears to be where his life-long interest in boats and the sea originated. Despite Flynn's claims, the evidence indicates that he was not descended from any of the Bounty mutineers.[5][6] Married at St John's Church of England, Balmain North, Sydney, on 23 January 1909,[7][8] both of his parents were native-born Australians of Irish, English and Scottish descent, with convict links to Tasmania long before Flynn's birth.[5][9] Flynn, living at Mclean Avenue Chatswood, Sydney in 1926, attended Sydney Church of England Grammar School (Shore School)[10] where he was the classmate of future Australian Prime Minister, John Gorton.[11] He was expelled for fighting and, allegedly, having sex with a school laundress.[12] He was also expelled from several other schools he had attended in Tasmania. At the age of 20 he moved to New Guinea where he bought a tobacco plantation, a business which failed. A copper mining venture in the hills near the Laloki Valley, behind the present national capital, Port Moresby, also failed.

In the early 1930s, Flynn left for the United Kingdom and, in 1933, snagged an acting job with the Northampton repertory company at the town's Royal Theatre, where he worked for seven months. He also performed at the 1934 Malvern Festival and in Glasgow and London's West End.[13]

In 1933, he starred in the Australian film In the Wake of the Bounty, directed by Charles Chauvel, and in 1934 appeared in Murder at Monte Carlo, produced at the Warner Bros. Teddington Studios, UK. This latter film is now considered a lost film. During the filming of Murder at Monte Carlo, Flynn was discovered by a Warner Brothers executive, signed to a contract and immigrated to America as a contract actor. He became a naturalised citizen of the United States in 1942, eight months after America entered World War II.

Acting career

Flynn as Captain Blood

Flynn was an overnight sensation in his first starring role, Captain Blood (1935). Quickly typecast as a swashbuckler, he followed it with The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936). After his appearance as Miles Hendon in The Prince and the Pauper (1937), he was cast in his most celebrated role as Robin Hood in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). He went on to appear in The Dawn Patrol (1938) with his close friend David Niven, Dodge City (1939), The Sea Hawk (1940) and Adventures of Don Juan (1948).

Working throughout his career with a cross section of Hollywood's best fight arrangers, Flynn became noted for his fast-paced sword fights as seen in The Adventures of Robin Hood, The Sea Hawk and Captain Blood.[14]

Flynn co-starred with Olivia de Havilland in eight films: Captain Blood (1935), The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936), The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), Four's a Crowd (1938), Dodge City (1939), The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (1939), Santa Fe Trail (1940), and They Died with Their Boots On (1941)

While Flynn acknowledged his attraction to de Havilland, film historian Rudy Behlmer's assertions that they were romantically involved during the filming of Robin Hood (see the Special Edition of Robin Hood on DVD, 2003) have been disputed by de Havilland. In an interview for Turner Classic Movies, she said that their relationship was platonic, mostly because Flynn was already married to Lili Damita. The Adventures of Robin Hood was Flynn's first film in Technicolor.

During the shooting of The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (1939), Flynn and co-star Bette Davis quarrelled off-screen, causing Davis to allegedly strike him harder than necessary while filming a scene. Although their relationship was always strained, Warner Bros. co-starred them twice. Their off-screen relationship was later resolved. A contract was even drawn up to lend them out for the roles of Rhett Butler and Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind, but that prospect failed to materialize.

Flynn was a member of the Hollywood Cricket Club with David Niven. His suave, debonair, and devil-may-care attitude toward both ladies and life has been immortalized in the English language by author Benjamin S. Johnson as, "Errolesque," in his treatise on the subject, An Errolesque Philosophy on Life.[12]

As Capt. Nelson in Objective, Burma! (1945).

When Flynn became a naturalized American citizen on August 15, 1942, he also became eligible for the military draft, as the United States had entered World War II eight months earlier. Grateful to the country that had given him fame and wealth,[15] Flynn attempted to join every branch of the armed services. But Flynn had several health problems. His heart was enlarged, with a murmur, and he'd already suffered at least one heart attack. That was not all: he had recurrent malaria (contracted in New Guinea), chronic back pain (for which he self-medicated with morphine and later, with heroin), lingering chronic tuberculosis, and numerous venereal diseases. Flynn, famous for his athletic roles and promoted as a paragon of physical beauty, was classified 4-F — unqualified for military service for not meeting the physical fitness standards.[15][16]

This created a public image problem for both Flynn and Warner Brothers. Flynn was often criticized for his failure to enlist while continuing to play war heroes in films. The studios' failure to counter the criticism was due to a desire to hide the state of Flynn's health.

By the 1950s, Flynn had become a parody of himself. Heavy alcohol and drug abuse left him prematurely aged and bloated, but he won acclaim as a drunken ne'er-do-well in The Sun Also Rises (1957), and as his idol John Barrymore in Too Much, Too Soon (1958). As a curious postscript to his life of adventure, Flynn went to Cuba in late 1958 to meet with the rebel leader Fidel Castro. Flynn was a great supporter of Castro and narrated a short movie titled Cuban Story:The Truth About Fidel Castro Revolution,[17] one of his last works as an actor. His autobiography, My Wicked, Wicked Ways, was published shortly after his death and contains humorous anecdotes about Hollywood. According to one literary critic, the book "remains one of the most compelling and appalling autobiographies written by a Hollywood star, or anyone else for that matter".[18] Flynn wanted to call the book In Like Me, but the publisher refused. In 1984, CBS produced a television film based on Flynn's autobiography, starring Duncan Regehr as Flynn.

Flynn starred in a 1956 anthology series The Errol Flynn Theatre that was filmed in England, where he presented the episodes and sometimes appeared in them. About this time he also guest starred on NBC's comedy/variety show, The Martha Raye Show.

Flynn and Beverly Aadland met with Stanley Kubrick to discuss appearing together in Lolita.[19]

Flynn's adventure novel Showdown, was published in 1946. His first book, Beam Ends, an autobiographical account of his sailing trips around Australia, had been published in 1937.

Private life, family and death

Lifestyle

Flynn had a reputation for his womanizing, consumption of alcohol and brawling. His freewheeling, hedonistic lifestyle caught up with him in November 1942 when two under-age girls, Betty Hansen and Peggy Satterlee, accused him of statutory rape.[20] A group was organized to support Flynn, named the American Boys' Club for the Defense of Errol Flynn (ABCDEF); its members included William F. Buckley, Jr.[21] The trial took place in January and February 1943, and Flynn was cleared of the charges. The incident served to increase his reputation as a ladies' man, which led to the popular phrase "in like Flynn."[22]

Marriages and family

Flynn and first wife Lili Damita at Los Angeles airport in 1941.

Flynn was married three times: to actress Lili Damita from 1935 until 1942 (one son, Sean Flynn, born 1941, reported missing in Cambodia in 1970 and presumed dead); to Nora Eddington from 1943 until 1949 (two daughters, Deirdre born 1945 and Rory born 1947); and to actress Patrice Wymore from 1950 until his death (one daughter, Arnella Roma, 1953–98). In Hollywood, he tended to refer to himself as Irish rather than Australian (his father Theodore Thomson Flynn had been a biologist and a professor at the Queen's University of Belfast in Northern Ireland during the latter part of his career). Flynn lived with Wymore in Port Antonio, Jamaica in the 1950s. He was largely responsible for developing tourism to this area, and for a while owned the Titchfield Hotel, which was decorated by the artist Olga Lehmann. He also popularised trips down rivers on bamboo rafts.[23]

Flynn was a long-time friend of the painter Boris Smirnoff, who painted his portrait several times, as well as those of Lili Damita, Patrice Wymore and celebrity friends such as Edward G. Robinson, Jean Harlow, Norma Shearer and Barbara Stanwyck.[24]

In the late 1950s, Flynn met and courted the 15-year-old Beverly Aadland at the Hollywood Professional School, casting her in his final film, Cuban Rebel Girls (1959). According to Aadland, he planned to marry her and move to their new house in Jamaica, but during a trip together to Vancouver, British Columbia, he died of a heart attack at the age of 50.

His only son, Sean, an actor and later a noted war correspondent, disappeared in Cambodia in 1970 during the Vietnam War while working as a freelance photojournalist for Time magazine.[25] Flynn was presumed dead in 1971, probably murdered by the Khmer Rouge. In 1984, he was officially declared dead in a granted petition of declaration sought by his mother, Lili Damita. Sean's life was recounted in Inherited Risk by Jeffrey Meyers (Simon & Schuster), and he is also mentioned on page 194 in the Colleagues section of Dispatches by Michael Herr.

Flynn's daughter Rory has one son, Sean Rio Flynn, named after her half-brother. He is an actor.[26] Rory Flynn has written a book about her father entitled The Baron of Mulholland: A Daughter Remembers Errol Flynn.

Errol Flynn's coffin on Los Angeles Union Station train platform in 1959.

Death

Flynn flew with Aadland to Vancouver on October 9, 1959, to lease his yacht Zaca to millionaire George Caldough. On October 14, Caldough was driving Flynn to the airport when Flynn felt ill. He was taken to the apartment of Caldough's friend, Dr. Grant Gould, uncle of pianist Glenn Gould. A party ensued, with Flynn regaling guests with stories and impressions. Feeling ill again, he announced "I shall return" and retired to a bedroom to rest. A half hour later, Aadland checked in on him and discovered him unconscious. Flynn had suffered a heart attack. According to the Vancouver Sun (16 December 2006), "When Errol Flynn came to town in 1959 for a week-long binge that ended with him dying in a West End apartment, his local friends propped him up at the Hotel Georgia lounge so that everyone would see him." The story is a myth; following Flynn's death, his body was turned over to a coroner (George Brayshaw), who performed an autopsy, and released his body to his next of kin.

Errol Flynn is interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, in Glendale, California. Both of his parents survived him.

Posthumous allegations

In 1961, Florence Aadland co-authored with Tedd Thomey The Big Love, a book alleging Flynn was involved in a sexual relationship with her 15-year-old daughter, actress Beverly.[27][28] It was later made into a play starring Tracey Ullman.[29][30]

In 1980, author Charles Higham published a controversial biography, Errol Flynn: The Untold Story, in which he alleged that Flynn was a fascist sympathizer who spied for the Nazis before and during World War II.[31][32] The book also alleged he was bisexual.[31] In 2000, Higham wrote an article that also claimed that Flynn was previously accused of sympathizing with Adolf Hitler based on his association with Dr. Hermann Erben, an Austrian who served in the German military intelligence, and that declassified files held by the CIA show that, in an intercepted letter in September 1933, Flynn wrote to Erben: "A slimy Jew is trying to cheat me… I do wish we could bring Hitler over here to teach these Isaacs a thing or two. The bastards have absolutely no business probity or honour whatsoever."[32] Unreleased MI5 files held by the British Home Office were claimed in 2000 to demonstrate Flynn worked for the Allies during the war.[33] That Flynn was bisexual was also claimed by David Bret in Errol Flynn: Satan's Angel, although Bret denounced the Nazi claims.

Subsequent biographies — notably Tony Thomas' Errol Flynn: The Spy Who Never Was (Citadel, 1990) and Buster Wiles' My Days With Errol Flynn: The Autobiography of a Stuntman (Roundtable, 1988) — have rejected Higham's claims as pure fabrication. Flynn's political leanings, say these biographies, appear to have been leftist: he was a supporter of the Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War and of the Cuban Revolution, even narrating a documentary titled Cuban Story[17] shortly before his death.[need quotation to verify] Flynn defended his visit to Cuba in an appearance on a Canadian Broadcasting Company television game show Front Page Challenge early in 1959. According to his autobiography, he considered Fidel Castro a close personal friend and drinking partner.[citation needed]

Film portrayals

  • Duncan Regehr portrayed Flynn in a 1985 American TV movie My Wicked, Wicked Ways, loosely based on Flynn's autobiography of the same name.
  • Guy Pearce played Errol Flynn in the 1996 Australian film Flynn, which covers Flynn's youth and early manhood, ending before the start of his Hollywood career.
  • Flynn was portrayed by Jude Law in Martin Scorsese's 2004 film The Aviator.
  • The character of film star Neville Sinclair, played by Timothy Dalton in the 1991 film The Rocketeer, was thought by many film critics to be loosely based on Flynn, although in one scene Flynn is specifically shown as a different person.
  • The character of Alan Swann, portrayed by Peter O'Toole in the 1982 film My Favorite Year, was based on Flynn.[34]
  • The character Eugene Fitzherbert/Flynn Rider from the 2010 film Tangled was named Flynn in homage to Errol Flynn, as the two share character traits.

Filmography

Main article: Errol Flynn filmography

Books by Flynn

Flynn wrote the following books:

Posthumous cultural references

  • Australian Crawl recorded a lyrical biography of Flynn, "Errol", released in July 1989 and reached #18 on the Australian singles charts.[35] The song was taken from the album Sirocco, named after Flynn's yacht.
  • In June 2009 the Errol Flynn Society of Tasmania Inc. organised the Errol Flynn Centenary Celebration, a 10-day series of events designed to celebrate the 100th anniversary of his birth[36] On the actual centenary, 20 June 2009, his daughter Rory Flynn unveiled a star with his name on the footpath outside Hobart's heritage State Cinema.[37]
  • The Pirate's Daughter, a 2008 Australian novel by Margaret Cezair-Thompson, is a fictionalised account of Flynn's later life.[38]
  • Television tropes[39] uses "flynning" as a name for the simplified form of stage fighting with swords, where actors or stuntmen use overly large movements and aim primarily for their opponents' weapons, rather than actually trying to hit an enemy.

References

  1. ^ a b c d McNulty, Thomas (2004). "One: from Tasmania to Hollywood 1909–1934". Errol Flynn: the life and career. McFarland. p. 5. ISBN 9780786417506. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ Obituary Variety, October 21, 1959, page 87.
  3. ^ Flynn always calls her Marelle in his autobiography.
  4. ^ Flynn, My Wicked, Wicked Ways, p.33.
  5. ^ a b Fasano,Debra.:[1],"Young Blood – The Making of Errol Flynn", 2009. ISBN 978-0-9806703-0-1
  6. ^ Flynn, My Wicked, Wicked Ways, p.33. She was a descendant of Midshipman Edward (or Ned) Young.
  7. ^ "Flynn, Errol Leslie (1909–1959)". Australian Dictionary of Biography Online. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
  8. ^ "Biography for Errol Flynn". imdb.com. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
  9. ^ Flynn, My Wicked, Wicked Ways, p.25.
  10. ^ Moore,John Hammond: "Young Errol:Flynn before Hollywood", 1975. ISBN 0-207-13158-9
  11. ^ Shaw, John (2002-05-22). "''New York Times'', 22 May 2002". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  12. ^ a b My Wicked, Wicked Ways (essay)
  13. ^ Connelly, Gerry (1998). Errol Flynn in Northampton. Domra Publications. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |isbn-13= ignored (help)
  14. ^ "TheOneRing.net, TORn exclusive with 'Reclaiming The Blade,' Director, May 15th, 2009 by MrCere". Theonering.net. 2009-05-15. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  15. ^ a b Basinger, Jeanine: The Star Machine, p. 247.
  16. ^ Thomas, Tony Errol Flynn: The Spy Who Never Was
  17. ^ a b "The Truth About Fidel Castro Revolution". IMDB. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  18. ^ Caterson, Simon, "Genius for living driven by lust for death", Australian Literary Review, 3 June 2009, retrieved 6/6/09 http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25542210-25132,00.html
  19. ^ Robert Osborne (2007-09-05). "Errol Flynn's daughter remembers notorious dad". Reuters. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  20. ^ "Statutory Rape Charges". MSNBC. 2005-03-01. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  21. ^ Valenti, Peter Errol Flynn: A Bio-Bibliography
  22. ^ Quinion, Michael (2000-12-09). "World Wide Words: In like Flynn". Retrieved 2007-12-04.
  23. ^ "The History of Jamaica – Captivated by Jamaica (Dr. Rebecca Tortello)". Jamaica-gleaner.com. 2002-08-27. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  24. ^ Napier-Ford, Noel: Smirnoff biography for Sir Peter Michael's restaurant "The Vineyard"
  25. ^ The search for Sean Flynn continues: Magazine: mensvogue.com
  26. ^ "Sean Rio Flynn". Seanflynn.org. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  27. ^ Smith, Jack (1985-12-30). "A few more literary favorites among the best of the firsts and the best of the lasts". Los Angeles Times. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  28. ^ Aadland, Florence (1986). The Big Love (reprint ed.). Grand Central Pub. ISBN 0446301590. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ Richards, David (1991-04-14). "Secret Sharers: Solo Acts in a Confessional Age". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  30. ^ Simon, John (1991-03-18). "Two from the Heart, Two from Hunger". New York Magazine. pp. 76–77. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  31. ^ a b Higham, Charles (1980). Errol Flynn: The Untold Story. Doubleday. ISBN 0385134959.
  32. ^ a b Charles Higham "The missing Errol Flynn file", New Statesman, 17 April 2000
  33. ^ Bamber, David (2001-06-19). "Errol Flynn 'spied for Allies, not the Nazis'". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  34. ^ p.19 Film British Federation of Film Societies 1984
  35. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errol_%28song%29
  36. ^ "Errol Flynn Centenary". Errol Flynn Society of Tasmania Inc. June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-19. Be 'in like Flynn' to 10 days of events!
  37. ^ Cuddihy, Martin (2009-06-21). "ABC News". Abc.net.au. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  38. ^ Jamaica beguiles as fact inspires fiction
  39. ^ http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/Flynning

Bibliography

  • Flynn, Errol. My Wicked, Wicked Ways: the Autobiography of Errol Flynn. Intro. by Jeffrey Meyers. New York: Cooper Square Press, 2003. Rpt. of My Wicked, Wicked Ways. New York: G.P. Putnam's sons, 1959. ISBN 0-8154-1250-9.
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