User talk:Sfsorrow2/Archive 1

Image copyright problem with Image:Bucy3.jpg

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License tagging for Image:019p1 xlg.jpg

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Constantinople-Baghdad Railway

Hi, it would be very useful if you could let me know the reference you used for this page, regards sbandrews (t) 16:27, 24 March 2007 (UTC)[reply]

ok thanks, then it was maybe E M Earle, Turkey, the Great Powers and the Bagdad Railway (1924). I'll drop by the energy policy page later, regards sbandrews (t) 10:27, 31 March 2007 (UTC)[reply]

License tagging for Image:Texada.jpg

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License tagging for Image:Fm1002.jpg

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License tagging for Image:Vimy005.jpg

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License tagging for Image:Hayes brochure1 sml.jpg

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Notability of Very Large Vehicles of BC

Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Very Large Vehicles of BC, by WWGB (talk · contribs), another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Very Large Vehicles of BC seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

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License tagging for Image:4100xpb-1.jpg

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Wikipedia:Media copyright questions. 15:05, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

Dear uploader: The media file you uploaded as Image:4100xpb-1.jpg has been listed for speedy deletion because you selected a copyright license type implying some type of restricted use, such as for non-commercial use only, or for educational use only or for use on Wikipedia by permission. While it might seem reasonable to assume that such files can be freely used on Wikipedia, this is in fact not the case[1][2]. Please do not upload any more files with these restrictions on them, because content on Wikipedia needs to be compatible with the GNU Free Documentation License, which allows anyone to use it for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial. See our non-free content guidelines for more more information.

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If you have any questions please ask at Wikipedia:Media copyright questions. Thank you. bluemask ^(talk) 06:09, 5 August 2007 (UTC)[reply]

License tagging for Image:FM.jpg

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Welcome

Hola!

I see from your contributions that you have been editing for some time. But, the quality of your edits are suspect. Have you read any of the tutorials? An encyclopedia needs to have some uniformity amongst its articles to make the experience cohesive and enjoyable. Coming out with you own style and format breaks this pattern, and makes it hard for the reader to grasp what you are trying to say.

I highly recommend that you read some of the tutorials and look at some of the Wikipedia:Featured articles to get an idea of what is trying to be achieved here.

Welcome!

Hello, Sfsorrow2, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Wikipedia:Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question and then place {{helpme}} before the question on your talk page. Again, welcome!

Also:

Make it about quality, not quantity.

Thanks,

WikiDon 04:42, 16 September 2007 (UTC)[reply]

License tagging for Image:Phshovel.jpg

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Wikipedia:Media copyright questions. 16:11, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

Very Large Vehicles of BC

A {{prod}} template has been added to the article Very Large Vehicles of BC, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the {{dated prod}} notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please tag it with {{db-author}}. NeilN 03:33, 5 October 2007 (UTC)[reply]

AfD nomination of Very Large Vehicles of BC

Very Large Vehicles of BC, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Very Large Vehicles of BC satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Very Large Vehicles of BC and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes (~~~~). You are free to edit the content of Very Large Vehicles of BC during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. NeilN 02:18, 7 October 2007 (UTC)[reply]

License tagging for Image:FM-E.jpg

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Wikipedia:Media copyright questions. 07:06, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:FM.jpg

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Orphaned non-free media (Image:FM.jpg)

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AfD nomination of P & H Power Shovell

An editor has nominated P & H Power Shovell, an article on which you have worked or that you created, for deletion. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "What Wikipedia is not").

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Image copyright problem with Image:Fm-e.JPG

Image Copyright problem

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Fair use rationale for Image:1101280319 400.jpg

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If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Ricky81682 (talk) 18:47, 18 February 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Image copyright problem with Image:Antique Scales.jpg

Image Copyright problem

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Image copyright problem with Image:K&S.jpg

Image Copyright problem

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Image copyright problem with Image:Atrevida.jpg

Image Copyright problem

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Speedy deletion of Image:Bcetotem.JPG

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Image copyright problem with Image:Bctotem.JPG

Image Copyright problem

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Image without license

Unspecified source for Image:Mackenzie River drainage basin.jpg

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Steamboats of the Mississippi

Geography

The Mississippi is one of the world’s great rivers. It spans 3860 miles of length and, one branch, starts in the Rocky Mountains of Idaho and Wyoming and meanders east in the Missouri River. To the north, the Red River of Manitoba drains south in the watershed, the Ohio River in the east, and Tennessee River too, are other tributaries. Further south, more land is drained with the Arkansas, Platte and Red River of Texas. The Mississippi itself starts at Itasca Lake in Minnesota, and the river wends its way through the center of the country, demarking ten states, dividing east and west, and furthering trade and culture.

Background

Steamboats on the Mississippi benefited from technological and political changes. The US bought the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803 and a semi-bankrupt Napoleon, then currently trying to conquer the world with the Napoleonic Wars. As such, the US was then free to expand westward out of the Ohio valley and into the mid-west and south, south west. The success of the Charlotte Dundas in Scotland in 1801 and Robert Fultons's Clermont on the Hudson River in 1807 proved the concept of the steamboat. At this time, walking beam mill engines, of Boulton and Watt variety, were dropped onto wood barges with paddles to create an instant powerboat. The overhead engines of "walking beam" type became the standard Atlantic Seaboard paddle engine for the next 80 years. For smaller boats, Watt perfected the side-lever engine with the engine cut down using side bell-cranks to lower the center of gravity. Sidewheel paddlers were the first to enter the scene. In 1811 the steamer New Orleans was built in Pittsburgh by Fulton and Livingstone. Fulton started steamboat service between Natchez and New Orleans

The War of 1812 caused political upheaval in the south, particularly with the Royal Navy blockade of the US Gulf Coast ports but after the Peace of Ghent and resumption of peace, New Orleans was firmly American, after passing through French and English hands. New Orleans became the great port on the mouth of the Mississippi.

Golden Age of Steamboats

Shreve of Shreveport perfected the shallow draft riverboat, with the raised engine and machinery above the waterline, as opposed to sea service vessels, high pressure boilers of 20-30 lbs.. In the 1810s there were 20 boats on the river; in the 1830s there were 1200 hulls.

By the 1820s, with the southern states joining the Union and the land converted to cotton plantations so indicative of the Antebellum South, methods were needed to move the bales of cotton. rice timber, tobacco and molasses.The steamboat was perfect. America boomed in the age of Jackson. Population moved west, and more farms (and more slavery) was established.

In 1829, there were surveys of the two major obstacles on the upper Mississippi, the Des Moines Rapids and the Rock Island Rapids, where the river was shallow and the riverbed was rock. The Des Moines Rapids were about 11 miles long and just above the mouth of the Des Moines River at Keokuk, Iowa. The Rock Island Rapids were between Rock Island and Moline, Illinois. Both rapids were considered virtually impassable. In 1848, the Illinois and Michigan Canal was built to connect the Mississippi River to Lake Michigan via the Illinois River near Peru, Illinois. The Army Corps of Engineers recommended the excavation of a 5 ft deep channel at the Des Moines Rapids, but work did not begin until after Lieutenant Robert E. Lee endorsed the project in 1837. The Corps later also began excavating the Rock Island Rapids. By 1866, it had become evident that excavation was impractical, and it was decided to build a canal around the Des Moines Rapids. The canal opened in 1877, but the Rock Island Rapids remained an obstacle.

Construction of the vessels

Vessels were made of wood--typically ranging in length from 80 to 140 feet in length, 10 to 20 feet wide, and drawing about one to two feet of water. The boats had kingposts or internal masts to support hogchains, or iron trusses, which prevented the hull from sagging. A second deck was added, the Texas Deck, to provided cabins and passenger areas. All was built from wood. Stairs, galleys, parlours were also added. Often the boats became quite ornated with would trim, velvet, plush chairs, gilt edging and other trimmings sometimes featured as per the owners taste and pocketbook. Wood burning boilers were forward center to distribute weight. The engines were also amidships, or at the stern depending on if the vessel was a sternwheeler or sidewheeler. Two rudders were fitted to help steer the ship.

Vessels, on average, only lasted about five years as the wooden hulls would be breached, they were poorly maintained, fires and general wear and tear, and the common boiler explosion. Early trips of the river took three weeks to get to the Ohio River. Later, with better pilots, more powerful engines and boilers, removal of obstacles and experienced rivermen knowing where the sand bars were, the figure was reduced to 4 days.. Collisions and snags were constant perils.

St. Louis

St. Louis became an important trade center, both for the overland route for the Oregon and California trails, but as a supply point for the Mississippi. George Eads was a famed engineer who ran a shipyard and first built riverboats, then armed riverboats and finally the famed bridge over the Mississippi.

Civil War with Steamboats

The US Civil war was a vicious affair, it spilled over to the Mississippi with naval seiges and naval war using paddlewheelers. The USS Cairo is a wrecked survivor of the Vicksburg battle.

Boiler Explosions

In the forty years to the mid-century mark, there were some 4000 fatalities on the river due to boiler explosions. Some 500 vessels were wrecked by the peril. Early boilers were rivetted of weak iron plate. Vessels at he time were not inspected, or insured. Passengers were on their own.

Mark Twain

Many of the works of Mark Twain deal with or take place near the Mississippi River. One of his first major works, Life on the Mississippi, is in part a history of the river, in part a memoir of Twain's experiences on the river, and a collection of tales that either take place on or are associated with the river. The Mississippi River was noted for the number of bandits which called its islands and shores home, including John Murrell who was a well-known murderer, horse stealer and slave "re-trader". His notoriety was such that author Twain devoted an entire chapter to him in Life on the Mississippi, and Murrell was rumored to have an island headquarters on the river at Island 37. Twain's most famous work, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is largely a journey down the river. The novel works as an episodic meditation on American culture with the river having multiple different meanings including independence, escape, freedom, and adventure.

A writer named Samuel Clemens noted a bad explosion

“occurred aboard the steamboat Pennsylvania in 1858 that suffered a boiler explosion. Among the injured passengers aboard the Pennsylvania was Henry Clemens whose skin had been badly scalded. His brother, Sam, came to visit Henry in an improvised hospital. This is how Sam described the long painful death of his brother: “For forty-eight hours I labored at the bedside of my poor burned and bruised but uncomplaining brother…and then the star of my hope went out and left me in the gloom of despair….” “

the very worst steamboat accident occurred at the very end of the Civil War in April 1865, when the steamboat Sultana, carrying a an excess capacity load of returning Union prisoners recently freed from Confederate prison camps, blew up, causing in excess of 1700 deaths. Yet the very worst steamboat accident occurred at the very end of the Civil War in April 1865, when the steamboat Sultana, carrying a an excess capacity load of returning Union prisoners recently freed from Confederate prison camps, blew up, causing in excess of 1700 deaths.

Gambling

Gambling took many forms on riverboats. Gambling with one's life with the boilers aside, there were card sharks around willing to fleece the unsuspecting rube. There was also gambling with the racing of boats up the river. Bets were made on a favourite vessel. Pushing the boilers hard in races would also cause fires to break out on the wooden deck structures.

Regulation

The Unitied States, remember at this time, was a loose confederation of states. The federal government was weak, and so regulating vessels was a imposition on States Rights. In the US Constitution, the US State has an equal or higher standing than the Federal Government. The Interstate Co mmerce Commission was finally set up in 1838 to regulate steamboat traffic. Boiler inspections only came in in 1852.

One of the enduring issues in American government is the proper balance of power between the national government and the state governments. This struggle for power was evident from the earliest days of American government and is the underlying issue in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden. In 1808, Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston were granted a monopoly from the New York state government to operate steamboats on the state's waters. This meant that only their steamboats could operate on the waterways of New York, including those bodies of water that stretched between states, called interstate waterways. This monopoly was very important because steamboat traffic, which carried both people and goods, was very profitable. Aaron Ogden held a Fulton-Livingston license to operate steamboats under this monopoly. He operated steamboats between New Jersey and New York. However, another man named Thomas Gibbons competed with Aaron Ogden on this same route. Gibbons did not have a Fulton-Livingston license, but instead had a federal (national) coasting license, granted under a 1793 act of Congress

Steamboat Act of May 30, 1852

The 1838 law proved inadequate as steamboat disasters increased in volume and severity. The 1847 to 1852 era was marked by an unusual series of disasters primarily caused by boiler explosions, however, many were also caused by fires and collisions. These disasters resulted in the passage of the Steamboat Act of May 30, 1852 (10 Stat. L., 1852) in which enforcement powers were placed under the Department of the Treasury rather than the Department of Justice as with the Act of 1838. Under this law, the organization and form of a federal maritime inspection service began to emerge. Nine supervisory inspectors responsible for a specific geographic region were appointed. There were also provisions for the appointment of local inspectors by a commission consisting of the local District Collector of Customs, the Supervisory Inspector, and the District Judge. The important features of this law were the requirement for hydrostatic testing of boilers, and the requirement for a boiler steam safety valve. This law further required that both pilots and engineers be licensed by the local inspectors. Even though time and further insight proved the Steamboat Act inadequate, it must be given credit for starting legislation in the right perspective. Probably the most serious shortcoming was the exemption of freightboats, ferries, tugboats and towboats, which continued to operate under the superficial inspection requirements of the law of 1838. Again, disasters and high loss of life prompted congressional action through the passage of the Act of February 28, 1871.

Showboats

A showboat, or show boat, was a form of theatre that travelled along the waterways of the United States, especially along the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. A showboat was basically a barge that resembled a long, flat-roofed house, and in order to move down the river, it was pushed by a small tugboat (misleadingly labeled a towboat) which was attached to it. It would have been impossible to put a steam engine on it, since it would have had to have been placed right in the auditorium.

British-born actor William Chapman, Sr. created the first showboat, named the "Floating Theatre," in Pittsburgh in 1831. He and his family performed plays with added music and dance at stops along the waterways. After reaching New Orleans, they got rid of the boat and went back to Pittsburgh in a steam boat in order to perform the process once again the year after. Showboats had declined by the Civil War, but began again in 1878 and focused on melodrama and vaudeville. Major boats of this period included the New Sensation, New Era, Water Queen, and the Princess. With the improvement of roads, the rise of the automobile, motion pictures, and the maturation of the river culture, showboats declined again. In order to combat this development, they grew in size and became more colorful and elaborately designed in 1900's. These boats included the Golden Rod, the Sunny South, the Cotton Blossom, and the New Showboat.

MIssissippi River Flood of 1927 showing flooded areas and relief operations The flood began when heavy rains pounded the central basin of the Mississippi in the summer of 1926. By September, the Mississippi's tributaries in Kansas and Iowa were swollen to capacity. On New Year's Day of 1927, the Cumberland River at Nashville topped levees at 56.2 feet The Mississippi River broke out of its levee system in 145 places and flooded 27,000 square miles or about 16,570,627 acres ). The area was inundated up to a depth of 30 feet . The flood caused over $400 million in damages and killed 246 people in seven states. The flood affected Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee. Arkansas was hardest hit, with 14% of its territory covered by floodwaters. By May 1927, the Mississippi River below Memphis, Tennessee, reached a width of 60 mi.

Mississippi River Commission

The historic Mississippi River Commission Building in Vicksburg, constructed in 1894 The Mississippi River Commission was established in 1879 to facilitate improvement of the Mississippi River from the Head of Passes near its mouth to its headwaters. The stated mission of the Commission was to:

*	Develop and implement plans to correct, permanently locate, and deepen the channel of the Mississippi River.

Improve and give safety and ease to the navigation thereof.
Prevent destructive floods.
Promote and facilitate commerce, trade, and the postal service.

For nearly a half century the MRC functioned as an executive body reporting directly to the Secretary of War. The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 changed the mission of the MRC. The consequent Flood Control Act of 1928 created the Mississippi River and Tributaries Project (MR&T). The act assigned responsibility for developing and implementing the Mississippi River and Tributaries Project (MR&T) to the Mississippi River Commission. The MR&T project provides for:

Control of floods of the Mississippi River from Head of Passes to vicinity of Cape Girardeau, Missouri.
Control of floods of the tributaries and outlets of the Mississippi River as they are affected by its backwaters.
Improvement for navigation of the Mississippi River from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to Cairo, Illinois. This includes improvements to certain harbors and improvement for navigation of Old and Atchafalaya Rivers from the Mississippi River to Morgan City, Louisiana.
Bank stabilization of the Mississippi River from the Head of Passes to Cairo, Illinois.
Preservation, restoration, and enhancement of environmental resources, including but not limited to measures for fish and wildlife, increased water supplies, recreation, cultural resources, and other related water resources development programs.
Semi-annual inspection trips to observe river conditions and facilitate coordination with local interests in implementation of the project.

The President of the Mississippi River Commission is its executive head. The mission is executed through the Mississippi Valley Division, U.S. Army Engineer Districts in St. Louis, Memphis, Vicksburg, and New Orleans.

US Army Corps of Engineers

The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is a federal agency and a major Army command made up of some 34,600 civilian and 650 military personnel, making it the world's largest public engineering, design and construction management agency. Although generally associated with dams, canals and flood protection in the United States, USACE is involved in a wide range of public works support to the nation and to Department of Defense throughout the world.

? Navigation. Supporting navigation by maintaining and improving channels was the Corps of Engineers' earliest Civil Works mission, dating to Federal laws in 1824 authorizing the Corps to improve safety on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and several ports. Today, the Corps maintains more than 12,000 miles (19,200 km) of inland waterways and operates 235 locks. These waterways -a system of rivers, lakes and coastal bays improved for commercial and recreational transportation - carry about 1/6 of the Nation's inter-city freight, at a cost per ton-mile about 1/2 that of rail or 1/10 that of trucks. USACE also maintains 300 commercial harbors, through which pass 2 billion tons of cargo a year, and more than 600 smaller harbors. ? Flood Damage Reduction. The Corps was first called upon to address flood problems along the Mississippi river in the mid- 1800s. They began work on the Mississippi River and Tributaries Flood Control Project in 1928, and the Flood Control Act of 1936 gave the Corps the mission to provide flood protection to the entire country. Neither the Corps nor any other agency can prevent all flood damages; and when floods cause damage, there is sure to be controversy (see "Civil Works Controversies" below).

Great Flood of 1927 Events

On May 18, 1933, Congress passed the TVA Act Right from the start, TVA established a unique problem-solving approach to fulfilling its mission-integrated resource management. Each issue TVA faced—whether it was power production, navigation, flood control, malaria prevention, reforestation, or erosion control—was studied in its broadest context.

By the end of the war, TVA had completed a 650-mile (1,050-kilometer) navigation channel the length of the Tennessee River and had become the nation’s largest electricity supplier. Even so, the demand for electricity was outstripping TVA’s capacity to produce power from hydroelectric dams. Political interference kept TVA from securing additional federal appropriations to build coal-fired plants, so it sought the authority to issue bonds. Congress passed legislation in 1959 to make the TVA power system self-financing, and from that point on it would pay its own way.

Jazzmen Louis Armstrong and Bix Biederbecke played on Mississipi River steamers.

Barge traffic exploded with the growth of trade in the First World War.

.******** —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.81.76.183 (talk) 21:26, 26 July 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Speedy deletion of Rhine River Steamer

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The famous KD steamer line operated on the Rhine River both with connecting steamers and tourist boats. The Lorelei rock was a famed outing.

The KD can trace its history back to 1853 when two earlier companies, the Preussisch-Rheinischen Dampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft (PRDG), the "Koln" company and the Dampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft fur den Nieder- und Mittelrhein (DGNM), the "Dusseldorf" company, merged at a time of intense competition and the in response to the loss of much of the freight and passenger traffic along the Rhine following the expansion of the railways along its banks. Despite the merger, the two companies, which were established in 1826 and 1836 respectively, maintained semi-independent operations ordering their own vessels which were known as "Koln" or "Dusseldorf" boats. Although other companies operated vessels during this period, especially in the more northerly and southerly stretches of the river, the KD came to dominate and absorb the competitors, such as the Mulheim Company (MDAG), with the exception of the Dutch Steamboat Company (NSM/NSR), which traced its inception back to 1823, when steam was first intoduced for passenger and goods transport. The KD operated 38 paddlers at the outbreak of World War I and 20 at the outbreak of World War II and although the latter war in particular brought severe losses, it was still felt suitable to raise and rebuilt wrecked vessels for further service. The last survivor, Goethe, returned to service in heavily rebuilt form in 1952, and for the 1953 season, there ware 14 large paddlers on the roster. In 1969 this had been reduced to 6 although the shortfall in capacity had been made up by the introduction of similar sized motor vessels. After 1974, with the withdrawal of Cecilie and Bismarck, three paddlers remained, all of which survive. Goethe remains the only vessel now serving with the KD and has been the last example of paddle propulsion The former KD Rhein paddler Mainz serves as a floating industrial museum on the River Neckar at Mannheim near the Kurpfalzbrucke . Built in 1929 and operational until 1980, she was disposed of from the KD reserve fleet in 1984 and opened in her new use in 1986. Her machinery remains intact

PS Goethe Built at Cologne in 1913 by Sachsenberg at Koln-Deutz Length : 83 metres - 272 feet (extended from 77.8 m after 1951-2 rebuild) Engines : Compound Diagonal, built by Sachsenberg at Rosslau

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Little context in Atlantic Foundry

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Energy Future of North America

The solution to North America's energy problems and pricing is not a simple one answer solution. Nor is an easy fix to be found by increasing oil drilling or invading a country, like Venezuela for instance, the way forward. Rather, the solution is a multi-pronged approach.

Increase gas mileage of cars.

Drive less

Improve transit

re-design cities

buy hybrid cars

emphasize energy conservation

convert cars to electricity, biofuels and hydrogen

reduce the carbon output of society.

build nuclear reactors

move the electricity supply from coal plants to solar and wind.

promote local generation of power with solar panels on roofs, and small wind turbines.

improve technology to consume less power.

smaller, more energy efficient homes

Net Zero buildings

Statistics to 2008

Electricity:

production 3.979 trillion kWh produced in 2004 [3]

Electricity - production by source:

fossil fuel: 71.4%
hydro: 5.6%
nuclear: 20.7%
other: 2.3% (2001)

Oil:

production: 7.61 million barrel/day (2005 est.)
consumption: 20.03 million barrel/day (2003 est.)

Proposed deletion of Energy future of North America

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AfD nomination of Energy future of North America

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NowCommons: Image:1101280319 400.jpg

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Articles for deletion nomination of Rainbow Lodge

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Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Fremte (talk) 01:54, 15 October 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Speedy deletion nomination of "Twelve-foot" Davis

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File source and copyright licensing problem with File:Ussmonocacy.jpg

File Copyright problem

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The beauty of the trees, the softness of the air, the fragrance of the grass, speaks to me.

The summit of the mountain the thunder of the sky, the rhythm of the sea, speaks to me

The faintness of the stars, the freshness of the morning, the dew drop of the flower, speaks to me.

The strength of fire, the taste of salmon, the trail of the sun And the life that never goes away, they speak to me.

And my heart soars. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.7.23.169 (talk) 21:34, 1 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

In the course of my lifetime I have lived in two distinct cultures. I was born into a culture that lived in communal houses. My grandfather's house was eighty feet long. It was called a smoke house, and it stood on a beach along the inlet. all my grandfather's sons and families lived in this large dwelling. Their sleeping apartments were separated by blankets made of bull rush reeds, but one fire in the middle served the cooking needs of all. In houses like these, throughout the tribe, people learned to live with one another; learned to serve one anothe.

I remember as a little boy fishing with father up Indian River and I can still see him as the sun rose up above the mountain top in the early morning...with his arms raised above his head while he softly moaned [to the great spirit] "thank you, thank you."

As well as adding the source, we also need to know the terms of the license that the copyright holder has published the file under, usually done by adding a licensing tag. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the {{GFDL-self}} tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Wikipedia:Non-free content, use a tag such as {{non-free fair use in|article name}} or one of the other tags listed at Wikipedia:Image copyright tags#Fair use. See Wikipedia:Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

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Talkback

Hello, Sfsorrow2. You have new messages at Acather96's talk page.
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Christmas Card

File:Wikisanta-no motto.png

Merry Christmas At this festive time, I would like to say a very special thank you to my fellow editors, and take the time to wish you and your loved ones a very Merry Christmas, and a Happy New Year. And, in case you can't wait until the big day, I've left you each three special presents, click to unwrap :) Acather96 (talk) 10:10, 24 December 2010 (UTC)[reply]

File:Green and Yellow Present.gif

File:Yellow and Red present.gif

File:Blue and Red Present.gif

steamboats

Please remember to add some sources right away. DGG ( talk ) 04:25, 28 December 2010 (UTC)[reply]

why ? that's your job !

No, it's NOT his job, SFS, not at all. I was already coming here to tell you "please sandbox this stuff before you put it in namespace", ie. make it into an article. You post t hings without proper formatting, even categories, and quite frankly they could be legitimately deleted fairly quickly. This is an article I've been meaning to get at starting for a long time, if not having ot put out fires all over the place, in Wikipedia and elsewhere - including picking up affter you. Please start respecting other editors by not expecting them to provide citations, formats, categories and proper layout as you're supposed to do. Otherwise keep stuff like Steamboats of the Lower Fraser River and Harrison Lake on User talk:Sfsorrow2/Sandbox and invite other editors to help you write/fix it and guide you to do it properly; you're wrong in various assertions in this article, e.g. teh focus on IRving and Moore, without any mention of Hugh Nelson or Frank Barnard or Wells Fargo and the situation that led to the demand for steamboat service, and why it went up to Harrison Lake; the Skuzzy shouldn't dominate the article so much, it's not really "the Lower Fraser" (i.e. above Yale isn't "the Lower Fraser"). But your attitude stinks, as much as I respect your knowledge, and it's becoming a pain...uncited, and rambling like this is, it's really WP:OR, WP:SYNTH and WP:Essay - and could rightly be deleted. I'm irked because the intro as it is now doesn't have proper historical context - about the economics, the route, the geography, the rivalries between different captains and companies and the deal between Barnard and Nelson, the details of the first vessels on Harrison Lake, the Riffles etc etc etc, various explosions etc etc etc. You've put in place something that just isn't an effective timeline, and - from my view - far too perfunctory. And no, I don't have time to fix it right now, nor do I have time for the type of smart comment you made to the other editor above, nor do I have time to give you a (big) list of rading materials you should absorb before sallying forth on an article, without even caring to place "See also" within th necessary equals marks to make it a heading.....lazy, lazy, lazy, and now rude. Look, do me a big favour and DON'T start on the Kamloops and Shuswap one, OK/ I've been picking up far too many unneeded taskss around Wikipedia, including ones you've launched (deliberatlye for others to fix), to have time to do it. And I want to do it properly. And when the time comes I'll probably rewrite this whole thing entire; uncited and unformed, it shouldn't have been published. Keep stuff in the sandbox until you've learned enough to play with others to make it work, before expecting them to clean articles up for you because you can't be bothered....Skookum1 (talk) 06:03, 4 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

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Autopatrolled

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April 9th. One of the steamer's rudders was bent, and the steamer had to be lightened to be re- paired. While waiting the natives brought goats and sheep to sell. The sheep have no wool on them. Some of them were bought and we had much noise from the bleating.

The country is thickly populated with towns from a hundred to three thousand inhabitants. The steamer stopped at many of the towns and bought wood for cowries and beads.

April 10th. The rudders gave the captain much trouble today, and so we were compelled to camp on

60 PIONEERS IN CONGO

a small, grassy island in the middle of the river. There was no storm or perhaps we should have been blown to pieces.

April llth. We saw scores of large black mon- keys leaping from tree to tree, and droves of parrots flying in the air as thick as blackbirds. Certainly thousands passed over us during the day.

April 12th. On both banks of the river there is a dense forest of mahogany, ebony, iron wood, ever- green and palms. The natives came alongside our steamer today and sold to the captain and crew about fifty pounds of fresh fish and eels.

We have seen their seines a hundred feet long. They drag for the fish between the sand banks. These fish are dried for future use. The streams all abound with splendid fish.

April 13th. Myriads of mosquitoes kept our com- pany last night. Hippopotami are scarce in this re- gion, but there are birds of all kinds eagles, hawks, crows, ducks, cranes, parrots, guinea fowl, quail, wild pigeons, bats, and many birds of beautiful plumage. There are plenty of elephant, buffalo, and antelope; their tracks and trails are all along the river bank. In this dense and impenetrable forest there must be everything imaginable.

April 14th. At 12 today we cast anchor at a large town and bought corn, plantains, bananas, beans, peas, peanuts, dried monkey and fish.

April 15th. By a special Providence we were de- livered from a watery grave. Four different times

EIGHT HUNDRED MILES OF PERIL 61

the steamer came near capsizing, caused by strong currents and whirlpools. The Master has certainly been good to us and has led us step by step safely.

April 16th. We were delayed two hours by the ship's anchor getting hung under the root of a tree fifteen feet under water. Accompanied by a native, I went down the chain and tried to get the anchor from under the root, but it was not possible. One of the crew tried the task alone, but lost his hold and was washed under the steamer by the strong cur- rent; but we saved him as he emerged exhausted from the stern of the steamer.

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April 2011

Please do not add or change content without verifying it by citing reliable sources, as you did to Big Hill. Before making any potentially controversial edits, it is recommended that you discuss them first on the article's talk page. Please review the guidelines at Wikipedia:Citing sources and take this opportunity to add references to the article. Thank you. Old Moonraker (talk) 21:42, 8 April 2011 (UTC)[reply]

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Big Hill

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06:01, 16 April 2011 (UTC)