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Frankopan family

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House of Frankopan
Coat of arms of Fran Krsto Frankopan
CountryCroatia, Hungary
Founded1118
TitlesCounts of Krk, Modruš, and Trsat[1]
Estate(s)of Croatia
Grave of Nikola VI Frankopan of Tržac (*c.1458 - †1523) in the Trsat Church in Rijeka

The House of Frankopan (Frankapan; Hungarian: Frangepán, Italian: Frangipani) is a Croatian noble family, whose members were among the great landowner magnates and high officers of the Kingdom of Hungary–Croatia.

History

The Frankopan family is a leading Croatian aristocratic family which dates back to the 12th century and even earlier to Roman times.[2] Along with the Zrinski family it had, in Croatian and Hungarian history, ranked high in terms of importance by virtue of power, wealth, fame, glory and role in Croatia's public life. They are closely connected with the Roman patrician Frangipani family.[2] The Frangipani were a Roman princely family, earlier called Onicii or Anicii. The family took the name Frangipani in the 8th century.[3] In 837 four brothers of the Frangipani family left Rome: Michele chose Venice as his domicile and Nicolò Dalmatia and Slavonia. The descendants of Michele obtained the island of Krk from the Venetians.[3] The Frankopan family is mentioned in Croatian documents in 1133 when Dujam Frankopan is recorded as ruler and lord of the island of Krk and of areas of Dalmatia. Around 1200 the family owned wide areas on the mainland, including the Castle of Ribnik, near Karlovac.

In 1240–1241 the Mongol Empire advanced from Poland toward Hungary whose King, Béla IV resisted bravely but finally had to seek refuge in Dalmatia. King Béla stayed with the Frankopans who assisted him with arms and funds and brought him into safety in Veglia and then brought him back to his own land. As reward the King gave the Frangipani the county of Segn with surrounding lands and the castle of Modruš.[3]

In 1246 there was another war, between Frederick II, Duke of Austria and Béla, who, with the assistance of the Frankopans, won a victory. As a further reward, King Béla then, by royal decree, created the Frankopans as Lords of their territory for them and their descendants.[3]

The Frankopans constantly supported the Catholic Church. In particular, Nikola Frankopan reconstructed the Holy House of Our Lady in 1294 in Tersatto (Trsat).[3] It is recorded that in 1291, Nikola Frankopan sent a delegation to Nazareth to measure the Holy House after the House had been saved, presumably by the Crusaders, and brought to Trsat or Tersatto, on the Adriatic Coast where the Frankopans had a castle. In 1294 Nikola Frankopan, gave the Holy House to the Pope to be placed on Papal lands, at Loreto, near Ancona.

Although the possessions of the family were exposed to every assault both from the east and the west, their power increased steadily until the 17th century when their lands reached further east. The Zrinski and Frankopan families came into closer affinity by marriage ties until in the eyes of the European courts they had become one of the most important families of Croatia.

In 1420 the Swedish King Erik of Pomerania called Ivan VI Frankopan, the eldest son of the Croatian ban Nikola IV, to Sweden to accompany the Swedish King to the Holy Land and later to assist the King at the Court in Sweden. Ivan VI Frankopan lived in Sweden at intervals between 1420 and 1430. After his father's death he returned to his home country. His eldest son called Matthias (Matija)[4] stayed in Sweden.

In 1425 Emperor Sigismund confirmed the princely title of Nicolaus Frankopan and his relatives and granted the family the privileges of red wax, (Rotwachsprivilegien), i.e., the right to use red wax for their seals, a privilege reserved for sovereign families. Sigismund underlines at the end of this document that no one must ever dispute these rights of the family.[5]

Bernát Frangepan's (abt. 1450 died aft.1527) paternal grandmother Dorottya Garai was from a prominent Hungarian noble family. Through ancestry from royal Spanish families Bernát had even Árpád ancestry (the Árpád dynasty founded the Kingdom of Hungary.) The famed Nikola Šubić Zrinski, who died fighting and won the title of "Hero of Szigetvár," became the first outstanding example of the epithet "bulwark of Christianity". The Frankopan family was persecuted after the Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy, where the Prince and Marquess Fran Krsto Frankopan participated in an uprising against Habsburg King Leopold I. He and his brother-in-law, Petar Zrinski were executed in Wiener Neustadt.

The line of Stephen II Frankopan, Ban of Croatia (d. 1481), died out with Catherine Frankopan in the 16th century. The line of Sigismund Frankopan expired with Francis Frankopan, Bishop of Eger in 1542. The Thessaloniki branch died out in 1572 with Francis Frankopan, Ban of Croatia; and the Trsat branch died out with Francis Christoph Frankopan in 1671 (and in the female line with Julianna Frankopan, Countess of Traun).[1]

Doimo III Frangipani or Frankopan, Count of Veglia, (died 1348), married Elisabetta Šubić, daughter of Jakab, Count of Bribir (died after 1347).[6][verification needed][7][self-published source][better source needed]

Notable members

Holdings

Several of the Frankopan castles remain in Croatia, mostly around the Gorski kotar region and the island of Krk. The castle at Stara Susica near Trsat incorporates structures going back to the Illyrian and Roman periods. The town of Bosiljevo has a medieval fortified castle, renovated in the last century in the spirit of the Romanesque. The castle and park at Severin na Kupi were owned by the Frankopan family until the mid-17th century. Other castles or property of the Frankopans could be found in Ribnik, Bosiljevo, Novi Vinodolski, Ogulin, Slunj, Ozalj, Cetingrad, Trsat, and other surrounding towns. The Frankopan castle in the town of Krk is currently used for open-air performances in the summer months.

Modern-day branch

One branch of the Frankopan family survived. Dr. Peter Frankopan, eldest son of the present Frankopan family, Senior Fellow of Worcester College at Oxford University and Director of the University's Centre for Byzantine Studies, states that the present family split from other branches of the Frankopan family in the 14th century. From Doimo III Frangipani or Frankopan, (+ 1348), Count of Veglia, married Elisabetta Subich, daughter of Jakab, Count of Bribir (+ post 1347); see [8][9][self-published source][better source needed][10]{

Louis Frankopan and his wife are members of the Croatian and Italian nobility.[11] In 1991 Louis Doimi de Lupis Frankopan and his wife Ingrid were appointed official spokespersons for the Croatian Government.[12][unreliable source?] Louis Frankopan was a founding member the Croatian Nobility Association,[13] a private non-governmental organisation founded immediately after the end of the Croatian War of Independence in 1995.</ref>

In 2002, the Ribnik Castle was bought by members of the present-day Frankopan family after the municipality of Ribnik sold it to them on a public tender for a total sum of 1,650,000 kuna.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).[full citation needed]

The judgment has executory force in all jurisdictions in Europe and elsewhere and is recognised by the Croatian Government.[citation needed]

Louis Frankopan's wife, Ingrid Detter de Frankopan, is a professor of law.[14][15][better source needed] Their daughter Paola, is married to Lord Nicholas Windsor and has written for The Tatler and for Vogue USA.[16][17] Their eldest son Peter is a historian and author.[18][19][20][21] He says that the "title (of the family) is not any claim on anything. It is just a reflection of the age of the family".[10][full citation needed] He maintains that his family split from other branches of the Frankopan family in the 14th century. Together with his wife, he founded Cambridge University's Frankopan Directorship for Gender Studies.[22]

The youngest son Lawrence Frankopan served as one of the witnesses to the marriage of Prince Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Countess Stéphanie de Lannoy in October 2012.[23]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Nagy, Iván; Friebeisz, István (1858). "Magyarország családai: Czimerekkel és nemzékrendi táblákkal". Retrieved 2012-12-31. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ a b [Gliubich, Simeone, Dizionario biografico degli uomini illustri della Dalmazia, Vienna, 1856, p. 135.]
  3. ^ a b c d e [Gliubich, Simeone, Dizionario biografico degli uomini illustri della Dalmazia, Vienna, 1856, p. 136.]
  4. ^ Petar Strčić (2002). "Vončinin genealoški, onomasiološki i kronološki pristup Franji Krsti Frankopanu". Kolo (in Croatian) (2). Matica hrvatska. ISSN 1331-0992. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  5. ^ Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Vienna, Reichsadelsakt Fragiapan, 1425, Dokument 120.6 & 119.16)
  6. ^ Genmarenostrum.com. Retrieved 2011-10-24
  7. ^ Marek, Miroslav (30 January 2009). "Balkan:Frangepani (Frangepán) family". Genealogy.EU. Retrieved 2011-10-24. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ "Frangepan - Frankopan". Genmarenostrum.com. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
  9. ^ Marek, Miroslav (2009-01-30). "Frangepan 1". Genealogy.euweb.cz. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
  10. ^ a b "The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion". Timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
  11. ^ La Casata dei Lupi - I Rami Vitali". Lupis.it. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
  12. ^ Appointment by Foreign Minister Dr Frane Vinko Golem, February, 1991
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference nacional-2002 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ "Biography of Ingrid Detter de Frankopan « RJ GAUDET & ASSOCIATES L.L.C". Rjgaudet.com. 2012-02-02. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  15. ^ "Ingrid Detter de Frankopan - United Kingdom | LinkedIn". Uk.linkedin.com. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  16. ^ "Homerenaissancefoundation". Homerenaissancefoundation. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  17. ^ "My Royal Wedding: Paola de Frankopan Remembers Her Own Marriage into the British Royal Family". Vogue News.
  18. ^ "The First Crusade: The Call from the East: Amazon.co.uk: Peter Frankopan: Books". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  19. ^ Dr Peter Frankopan LATE ANTIQUE & BYZANTINE STUDIES AT OXFORD
  20. ^ "Governors - Wellington College Website". Wellingtoncollege.org.uk. 2010-05-12. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  21. ^ "Staff and Trustees | About | WMF Britain". Wmf.org.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  22. ^ "University of Cambridge Centre for Gender Studies » Frankopan Donation". Gender.cam.ac.uk. 2009-05-11. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  23. ^ Mass Sheet for the Nuptial Mass issued by the Grand Ducal House of Luxembourg, 12 October 2012
  • The family site La Casata dei Lupi, (Italian language), contains photos of Lord and Lady Nicholas, their first son Albert, and members of the Lupis family. Retrieved 26 September 2009. As of 26 September 2009, this was the only source online that had the name of the second son as Leopold Ernest Augustus Guelph Windsor. This name has been confirmed 1 November by an official announcement sent to family members: "PAOLA AND NICHOLAS ANNOUNCE WITH JOY THE BIRTH OF THEIR SECOND SON LEOPOLD A BROTHER TO ALBERT BORN ON THE 8th OF SEPTEMBER 2009 8lb 2oz".
  • Doimi de Lupis genealogy (Italian language) hosted by Società Genealogica Italiana - SGI. Retrieved 26 September 2009. The page calls Lady Nicholas Windsor "S.A.R. Lady Paola Luisa Marica Doimi de Lupis de Frankopan Subich", and her sons "S.A.R. Lord Albert (Bertie) Louis Philip Edward Windsor" and "S.A.R. Lord Leopold Ernest Augustus Guelph Windsor", reflecting Italian protocol and customs according to the "Cerimoniale della Presidenza della Repubblica Italiana", which states that all the members of sovereign and reigning families that visit Italy are addressed as "Le Loro Altezze Reali", (LLAARR) (TRH) or "Sua Altezza Reale" "SAR" (HRH) etc. (see the official site of "Ministero degli affari Esteri - Cerimoniale diplomatico").
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