List of Puerto Rican writers
Notable Puerto Rican writers | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This is a list of Puerto Rican literary figures, including poets, novelists, short story authors, and playwrights. It includes people who were born in Puerto Rico, people who are of Puerto Rican ancestry, and many long-term residents and/or immigrants who have made Puerto Rico their home, and who are recognized for their literary work. New entries must be placed in alphabetical order and follow the formatting for the list.
A
- Manuel Abreu Adorno (1955–1984)[1]
- Rafael Acevedo (born 1960), poet, playwright, fiction writer[1]
- Alfredo M. Aguayo Educator and writer
Established the first laboratory of child psychology at the University of Havana[2] - Jack Agüeros, author, playwright, poet and translator.[3]
- Dr. Miguel Algarín, poet, writer
Co-founder of the Nuyorican Poets Cafe.[4] - Dr. Manuel A. Alonso, poet and author
Considered by many to be the first Puerto Rican writer of notable importance.[5] - Silvia Álvarez Curbelo, writer and historian.[6]
- Alba Ambert, novelist
Ambert in 1996, became the first Hispanic author to win the Carey McWilliams Award for Multicultural Literature, presented by the Multicultural Review, for her novel :A Perfect Silence”.’’ [7] - Pedro I. Aponte Vázquez, historian, journalist, social scientist, professor and writer.[8][9]
Author of ¡Yo Acuso! Tortura y Asesinato de Don Pedro Albizu Campos. (Bayamon, PR: Movimiento Ecumenico Nacional de Puerto Rico. 1985); Pedro Albizu Campos: Su persecución por el F.B.I. (Publicaciones René, 1991. 77 pages); ¡Yo Acuso! Tortura y Asesinato de Don Pedro Albizu Campos. (Paperback. 1991); Pedro Albizu Campos: Su persecución por el FBI San Juan (Publicaciones RENÉ. 1991); Crónica de un encubrimiento: Albizu Campos y el caso Rhoads. (San Juan: Publicaciones RENÉ, 1992) [co-authored with Gregorio Hernandez Rivera]; Locura por decreto: El papel de Luis Muñoz Marín y José Trías Monge en el diagnóstico de locura de don Pedro Albizu Campos. (San Juan: Publicaciones RENÉ, 1994); El ataque Nacionalista a La Fortaleza by Gregorio Hernández Rivera. Pedro I. Aponte Vázquez, editor. (Publisher: Publicaciones RENÉ. 1993. 978-1-931702-01-0); Albizu (2000); The Unsolved Case of Dr. Cornelius P. Rhoads: An Indictment. (Publisher, Publicaciones René. 2005. ISBN, 1931702071); Transición [short stories] (Publisher: Los Libros de la Iguana. 2010. 113 pages); La hacienda (Publisher: Publicaciones René. 2011. 42 pages); “Necator Americanus: O sobre la fisiología del caso Rhoads” (Revista del Colegio de Abogados de Puerto Rico, Vol. 43, Núm. 1, Febrero, 1982, pp. 117-142.) - Dr. Delma S. Arrigoitia, historian, author
Arrigoitia was the first person in the University of Puerto Rico to earn a Masters Degree in the field of history. In 2010, her book, "Puerto Rico Por Encima de Todo: Vida y Obra de Antonio R. Barcelo, 1868–1938", was recognized among the best in the category of "research and criticism" and awarded a first place prize by the Ateneo Puertorriqueño.[10] - Francisco Arriví, writer, poet, and playwright
Arriví known as "The Father of the Puerto Rican Theater".[11] - Rane Arroyo, poet, playwright and scholar[12]
B-C
- Lefty (Manuel) Barreto, novelist, author of autobiography Nobody's Hero (1977)[13]
- Janette Becerra, short-story writer, poet, professor, literary critic, and lawyer. Author of Doce versiones de soledad, Elusiones, and Antrópolis.</ref>
- Emilio S. Belaval, short-story writer, playwright, essayist, and lawyer[14]
- Pura Belpré, author
First Puerto Rican librarian in New York City.[15] - Samuel Beniquez, author
Author of the autobiographical book entitled: Tu alto precio... Mi gran valor.[16] - María Bibiana Benítez, playwright
Benitez is one of Puerto Rico's "first" poetesses.[17] - Alejandrina Benítez de Gautier, poet
Benítez de Gautier's collaboration with the "Aguinaldo Puertorriqueño" (Collection of Puerto Rican Poetry) gave her recognition as a great poet.[18] - Tomás Blanco, writer and historian
Blanco was the author of "Prontuario Historico de Puerto Rico" and "El Prejuicio Racial en Puerto Rico" (Racial Prejudice in Puerto Rico).[19] - Juan Boria, Afro-Caribbean poet
Boria, also known as the Negro Verse Pharaoh, was a poet known for his Afro-Caribbean poetry.[20]
- Giannina Braschi, Vanguard poet, Spanglish novelist, and performer of spoken word. Titles: "Yo-Yo Boing!", "Empire of Dreams", and "United States of Banana".[21][22]
- Julia de Burgos, One of the greatest poets to have been born in Puerto Rico; author of "Yo misma fui mi ruta" and "Poema Río Grande de Loíza".[23]
- Pedro Cabiya, fiction writer[1]
- Mayra Calvani, writer[24]
- Zenobia Camprubí, writer/poet (Puerto Rican mother)
Camprubí was also the wife of Nobel Prize winning author Juan Ramón Jiménez.[25] - Nemesio Canales, essayist and poet.[19]
- Luisa Capetillo Labor activist
Capetillo was one of Puerto Rico's most famous labor organizers. She was also a writer and an anarchist who fought for workers and women's rights.[26] - Jaime Carrero, poet and playwright[1][13]
- N. Humberto Cintrón, novelist, author of Frankie Christo (1972)[13]
- Jesús Colón, writer
"Father of the Nuyorican Movement."[27] - Joaquín Colón (1896–1964), author of Pioneros puertorriqueños en Nueva York[28]
- Manuel Corchado y Juarbe, poet, journalist and politician
Corchado y Juarbe defended the abolition of slavery and the establishment of a University in Puerto Rico.[29] - Juan Antonio Corretjer, poet
Corretjer was also a journalist and pro-independence political activist who opposed United States rule in Puerto Rico..[30] - Zoé Corretjer Lloréns[31][32]
- Nicky Cruz, Reverend
Cruz has written two autobiographies, Run Baby Run, with Jamie Buckingham (1968), and Soul Obsession, with Frank Martin (2005).[33] - Isabel Cuchí Coll, journalist and author
Cuchi Coll was the granddaughter of Dr. Cayetano Coll y Toste and niece of José Coll y Cuchí. She served as Director of the "Sociedad de Autores Puertorriqueño[34]
D
- Anjelamaría Dávila, poet[1]
- Dr. José Antonio Dávila, poet
Dávila was a well-known poet during Puerto Rico's postmodern era of poetry. - Virgilio Dávila, poet
Dávila is considered by many to be one of Puerto Rico's greatest representatives of the modern literary era..[35] - Nelson Antonio Denis, novelist, journalist, New York State Assemblyman
Denis published over 300 editorials as the Editorial Director of El Diario/La Prensa, and received the “Best Editorial Writing” award from the National Association of Hispanic Journalists.[36] - Abelardo Díaz Alfaro, writer[37]
- Emilio Díaz Valcárcel[1]
- José de Diego "The Father of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement"
De Diego was then elected to the House of Delegates, the only locally elected body of government allowed by the U.S., and which De Diego presided from 1904 to 1917[38] - Caridad de la Luz a.k.a. "La Bruja", poet
She is also the writer/actor of "Boogie Rican Blvd".[39]
E-G
- Elizam Escobar poet, author and visual artist.[40]
- Sandra María Esteves, Nuyorican poet[41]
- Dr. Héctor Feliciano, author
Feliciano's book "The Lost Museum: The Nazi Conspiracy to Steal the World's Greatest Works of Art" has shed a light on an estimated 20,000 looted works; each one is owned by a museum or a collector somewhere.[42] - Carole Fernández, novelist, author of Sleep of the Innocents (1991)[13]
- Isabel Freire de Matos, writer, educator and advocate of Puerto Rican independence.[43]
- Dr. Rosario Ferré, author of "The House on the Lagoon", "The Youngest Doll", and "Maldito Amor".[44]
- José Angel Figueroa, poet[13]
- Shaggy Flores, Nuyorican writer, poet
African Diaspora Scholar, Founder of Voices for the Voiceless. [45] - Félix Franco-Oppenheimer, poet and writer
His works include "Contornos", "Imagen y visión edénica de Puerto Rico", and "Antología poética".[46] - Ana María Fuster Lavin (born 1967), editor, poet and short story writer[47]
- Edward Gallardo, playwright; works include those collected in Simpson Street and Other Plays[13]
- Magali García Ramis, writer[48]
- José Gautier Benítez, poet
Gautier Benítez is considered by many to be Puerto Rico's best poet of the Romantic Era.[35] - José Luis González, writer
One of the most prominent writers of the 20th century, particularly for his "El país de cuatro pisos" (1980).[49] - Migene Gonzalez-Wippler, new-age author, prominent Santería expert.[50]
- Manuel González Pató, educator and writer in the field of atlethics[51][52]
H-K
- Victor Hernández Cruz, poet
In 1969, Hernández Cruz became the first Hispanic to be published by a mainstream publishing house when Random House published his poem "Snaps". [53] In 1981, Life Magazine named him one of America's (US) greatest poets.[7]
- Eugenio María de Hostos a.k.a. "El Ciudadano de las Américas" (The Citizen of the Americas)
educator, philosopher, intellectual, lawyer, sociologist, and independence advocate. - Quiara Alegría Hudes, playwright and author
She best known for writing the book for the Tony Award-winning musical In the Heights.[54] - José de Jesús Esteves, poet, lawyer, and judge[55]
- Adolfo Jiménez Benítez,[56] essayist, medievalist investigator
- Zoé Jiménez Corretjer[57]
L
- Dr. Lawrence La Fountain-Stokes, writer
Author of "Uñas pintadas de azul/Blue Fingernails".[58] - Enrique A. Laguerre, writer
Laguerre was nominated for Nobel Prize in literature.[59] - Elidio La Torre-Lagares (1965), poet, novelist, essayist, author of Vicios de construcción (2008)[1]
- Tato Laviera, poet
Author of "AmeRícan".[60] - Georgina Lázaro, children's poet[61]
- Muna Lee, writer
Born in Mississippi, was the first wife of Luis Muñoz Marín. [62] - Aurora Levins Morales (born 1954), writer[63]
- José Liboy Erba (Pepe Liboy) (born 1964)[1]
- José María Lima (1934–2009), poet, philosopher, mathematician, author of La sílaba en la piel (1982)[1][64]
- Luis Lloréns Torres, poet[35]
- Washington Llorens, journalist, writer, linguist, and scholar.[65][51]
- Luis López Nieves, writer[66]
- Ángel Lozada, novelist[67]
- Carmen Lugo Filippi (born 1940), short-story writer[1]
M
- Pedro A. Malavet, writer
Malavet wrote "America's Colony: The Political and Cultural Conflict between the United States and Puerto Rico" (Publisher: NYU Press. 2004. ISBN 0814756808; ISBN 978-0814756805).[68] - Manuel Manrique, novelist, author of Island in Harlem (1966)[13]
- Hugo Margenat, poet
Margenat was also the founder of the political youth pro-independence organizations "Acción Juventud Independentista" and "Federación de Universitarios Pro Independencia".[69]
- René Marqués, playwright
Marqués wrote "La Carreta" (The Oxcart) which helped secure his reputation as a leading literary figure in Puerto Rico.[70] - Manuel Martínez-Maldonado (born 1937), physician, poet, novelist, author of poetry books La voz sostenida and La novela del medio día and of the novel Isla Verde[71]
- Jaime L. Marzán Ramos, author of Mercedes.[72]
- Nemir Matos-Cintrón, poet, novelist[73]
- Francisco Matos Paoli, poet, critic, and essayist
Matos Paoli was nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature in 1977. He was also a Secretary General of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party.[74] - Joserramón Melendes (born 1952), poet[1]
- Dr. Concha Melendez, poet, writer[75]
- Jesús Papoleto Meléndez, poet[13]
- Manuel Méndez Ballester, writer[76]
- Dr. Nancy Mercado, poet, playwright
Mercado is the author of "It Concerns the Madness," seven theatre plays, and a number of essays. Her work has been extensively anthologized.[77] - Rubén A. Moreira Vidal[78]
- Luis Muñoz Marín, politician and poet
- Nicholasa Mohr, writer
Her works, among which is the novel Nilda, tell of growing up in the Puerto Rican communities of the Bronx and El Barrio and of the difficulties Puerto Rican women face in the United States.[79][80] - Rosario Morales, poet, co-author of Getting Home Alive (1986)[13]
- Mercedes Negron Muñoz, a.k.a. "Clara Lair", poet
Negrón Muñoz was an influential poet whose work dealt with the everyday struggles of the common Puerto Rican.[81]
O
- Judith Ortiz Cofer, poet, writer and essayist.[82]
- Micol Ostow, author
Ostow wrote of "Mind Your Manners, Dick and Jane". Her novel, "Emily Goldberg Learns to Salsa", was named a New York Public Library Book for the Teen Age.[83] - Dr. José Gualberto Padilla a.k.a. "El Caribe" poet[84]
- Luis Palés Matos, poet of Afro-Caribbean themes; author of "Tuntún de pasa y grifería" and "Pueblo negro"[85]
- Dr. Antonio S. Pedreira, writer and educator
Pedreira's most important book was "Insularismo", in which he explores the meaning of being Puerto Rican.[86]
P-Q
- Pedro Pietri, poet, playwright
Co-founder of the Nuyorican Movement; author of "Puerto Rican Obituary" and "The Masses Are Asses.[87] - Miguel Piñero, playwright, writer
Co-founder of the Nuyorican Poets Cafe.[88] - Juan Ponce de León II, first Puerto Rican acting governor
His written work Memorias de Melgarejo (Melgarejo's Memoirs) is one of Puerto Rico's most important historical documents.[89] - Juan Carlos Quiñones (born 1972)[1]
R–S
- Manuel Ramos Otero, short story writer, poet and essayist; author of "Página en blanco y staccato".[90]
- Evaristo Ribera Chevremont, poet[91]
- Roberto Ramos Perea (born 1958), poet, playwright, journalist [92]
- Guillermo Rebollo-Gil, poet[93]
- Marie Teresa Ríos, author
Author of the novel "The Fifteenth Pelican," which was the basis for the popular 1960s television sitcom, "The Flying Nun".[94] - Rubén Ríos Ávila, essayist[95]
- Edward Rivera, novelist, author of Family Installments: Memories of Growing Up Hispanic (1983)[13][96]
- José Rivera, playwright
Rivera is the first Puerto Rican screenwriter to be nominated for an Oscar.[97] - Oswaldo Rivera, novelist, author of Fire and Rain (1990)[13]
- Abraham Rodríguez, Jr., short story author; works include Ashes to Ashes (1989),[13] Boy Without a Flag, Spidertown, The Buddha Book, South by South Bronx
- Leonardo Rodríguez, short story author; works include They Have to Be Puerto Ricans (1988)[13]
- Lola Rodríguez de Tió, poet
Rodríguez de Tió wrote lyrics to the revolutionary "La Borinqueña". - Edgardo Rodríguez Juliá, novelist, author of "The Renuciation" and "Cortijo's Wake"[98]
- Bonafide Rojas, poet, musician, Author Of "When The City Sleeps" (2012) [99]
- Francisco Rojas Tollinchi, poet, civic leader and journalist.[100]
- Richard Ruíz, novelist, author of The Hungry American (1978)[13]
- Luis Rafael Sánchez, playwright, novelist[101]
- Joe Sánchez, Former New York City police officer
Sánchez was a highly decorated former New York City police officer and author whose books give an insight as to the corruption within the department."[102] - Esmeralda Santiago, author of the coming of age novel "When I Was Puerto Rican"[103]
- Ruben Santiago-Hudson is a playwright and actor
Santiago-Hudson has won national awards for his work in both areas.[104] - Mayra Santos-Febres, poet, novelist[105]
- Pedro Juan Soto, writer/novelist
Soto is the father of slain independence activist Carlos Soto Arriví.[106] - Clemente Soto Vélez, poet and activist[107]
- Clementina Souchet, novelist, author of Clementina: Historia sin fin (1986)[13]
T-Z
- Alejandro Tapia y Rivera, writer and poet
"The Father of Puerto Rican Literature".[108] - Piri Thomas, author of the best-seller Down These Mean Streets.[109]
- Edwin Torres, "Nuyorican Movement" poet[110]
- Judge Edwin Torres, writer
New York Supreme Court Justice who wrote "Carlito's Way".[111] - Diego de Torres Vargas a priest
was the first person to write a book about the history of Puerto Rico.[112] - Dr. Luz María Umpierre, poet, scholar[113]
- Charlie Vázquez, novelist[114]
- Lourdes Vázquez, poet, short story writer, novelist[115]
- Robert Vazquez-Pacheco, author[58]
- Ana Lydia Vega, short story author, essayist[116]
- Bernardo Vega, novelist, author of The Memoirs of Bernardo Vega (1977, English ed. 1984)[13]
- Ed Vega, novelist[117]
- Irene Vilar, author and literary agent
Vilar is the granddaughter of independence activist Lolita Lebrón.[118] - William Carlos Williams (Puerto Rican mother), Modernist poet[119]
- Emanuel Xavier (Puerto Rican father), poet and novelist[58]
- Iris Zavala (born 1936), author, scholar, poet[120]
- Dr. Manuel Zeno Gandia, writer
Zeno Gandia wrote "La Charca", the first Puerto Rican novel.[121]
See also
- List of Latin American writers
- List of Puerto Ricans
- History of women in Puerto Rico
- Puerto Rican literature
- Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States
- Before Columbus Foundation
- Generation of the 80's[122]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l listed in Víctor Federico Torres, Diccionario de autores puertorriqueños contemporáneos, Plaza Mayor, 2009.
- ^ Personajes Ilustres. Municipality of Ponce.
- ^ www.martinespada.net
- ^ Miguel Algarin Web Site
- ^ Famous Puerto Ricans
- ^ Silvia Álvarez Curbelo. Ediciones Callejon. San Juan, Puerto Rico. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^ a b "Hispanic Firsts", By; Nicolas Kanellos, publisher Visible Ink Press; ISBN 0-7876-0519-0; p.40
- ^ American Gunfight: The Plot to Kill Harry Truman--and the Shoot-out that Stopped it. Stephen Hunter and John Bainbridge. New York: Simon & Schuster. 2005. Source Notes #27. Page 431. Retrieved 22 October 2013. (Evidence that Aponte Vazquez is a notable writer.)
- ^ \Starr, Douglas. "Revisiting a 1930s Scandal, AACR to Rename a Prize," Science 300 (25 April 2003), pp. 573-574.\. A.C. Higgins. Science Fraud Database. SUNY at Albany. 2013. (Evidence that Aponte Vazquez is Puerto Rican.)
- ^ Puerto Rico Daily Sun
- ^ El Nuevo Dia
- ^ Rane Arroyo - Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p listed in Marc Zimmerman, U.S. Latino Literature: An Essay and Annotated Bibliography, MARCH/Abrazo, 1992.
- ^ Emilio S. Belaval Maldonado
- ^ "Pura Belpré: The Children's Ambassador". In Vicki Ruiz and Virginia Sánchez Korrol, Latina Legacies: Identity, Biography, and Community New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. 148-157
- ^ First page of the newspaper "Primera Hora" of Puerto Rico and subsequent pages 2 through 4. Edition of January 20, 2012. "[1]"
- ^ María Bibiana Benítez
- ^ Bios
- ^ a b Tomas Blanco/ Newspaper El Nuevo Dia Cite error: The named reference "ENDI" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Juan Boria Biography
- ^ Library of Congress National Book Festival, see http://www.loc.gov/bookfest/author/giannina_braschi
- ^ The Review of Contemporary Fiction, Review of Giannina Braschi's Yo-Yo Boing, by David William Foster, 1999.
- ^ JS Theatre
- ^ Authors Den
- ^ Zenobia Camprubí Ayer.
- ^ Luisa Capetillo Was Early Puerto Rican Labor Leader She Lived Life on Her Own Terms
- ^ Biography of Jesus Colon
- ^ Pioneros puertorriqueños en Nueva York
- ^ Manuel Corchado
- ^ PRCC
- ^ El surrealismo en la novela hispanoamericana. Luis Rafael Sánchez y "La guaracha del Macho Camacho". 2007.
- ^ "Laíberinto en dos tiempos". 2010.
- ^ "Run, Baby, Run"; Nicky Cruz (Author); Publisher: Bridge-Logos (December 1, 1988); ISBN 978-0-88270-630-6
- ^ ["Tras las Huellas de Nuestro Paso"; by: Ildelfonso López; Publisher: AEELA, 1998
- ^ a b c El Nuevo Dia Cite error: The named reference "ND" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Manhattan Times News. Manhattan Times News (2011-05-17). Retrieved on 2012-02-04.
- ^ New York Times
- ^ Jos Jose de Diego Biography.
- ^ El Diario/La Prensa - Caridad de la Luz [dead link]
- ^ Escobar
- ^ Estill, Adriana. "Sandra María Esteves." In Latino and Latina Writers (vol. 2), ed. Alan West Duran, 873–883. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. ISBN 0-684-31295-6
- ^ "A Bulldog on the Heels of Lost Nazi Loot"; New York Times; 4 November 1997; By JUDITH H. DOBRZYNSKI
- ^ Isabel Freire de Matos por Esther Rivera Torres
- ^ Template:Es icon Ensayistas.org, Rosario Ferré. Retrieved January 6, 2007.
- ^ CENTRO Academic Journal: Puerto Rican Poetry of The Last Four Decades
- ^ Encyclopedia Puerto Rico.
- ^ http://www.letralia.com/firmas/fusterlavinanamaria.htm
- ^ "Magali García Ramis." WikiLearning, originally from Biografías y vidas, November 30, 1999, accessed January 15, 2010. Template:Es icon
- ^ "González, José Luis." Ronald Fernández, Serafín Méndez Méndez, and Gail Cueto. Puerto Rico Past and Present: An Encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1998. 154–155.
- ^ Biography on Llwellyn's On-line Bookstore
- ^ a b Ponceños Ilustres. Municipality of Ponce.
- ^ Manuel González Pató Biography. Rafael J. Rivera. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
- ^ Aparicio, Frances R. "Victor Hernández Cruz." Heath Anthology of American Literature, Fifth Edition. Paul Lauter, General Editor. Cengage Online Study Center. Accessed January 10, 2010.
- ^ http://www.playbill.com/news/article/143122-26-Miles-Quiara-Hudes-Mother-Daughter-Road-Trip-Tale-Gets-Chicago-Premiere-Starting-Oct-16
- ^ Cesáreo Rosa-Nieves, Esther Melón de Díaz (1970). Biografías puertorriqueñas: perfil histórico de un pueblo. Troutman Press. p. 145.
- ^ Adolfo Jiménez Benítez. Historia de la Literatura Puertorriqueña a través de sus revistas. 2010.
- ^ López Baralt, Mercedes. Literatura Puertorriqueña del Siglo XX: Antología. San Juan: EDUPR, 2004.
- ^ a b c Morales-Díaz, Enrique. "Identity of the 'Diasporican' Homosexual in the Literary Periphery." In José L. Torres-Padilla and Carmen Haydée Rivera, eds. Writing Off the Hyphen: New Perspectives on the Literature of the Puerto Rican Diaspora. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2008. 295–312. ISBN 978-0-295-98824-5
- ^ Laguerre
- ^ Luis 1992, p. 1022
- ^ Georgina Lázaro-Leon, Retrieved November 7, 2007
- ^ Biography on Stony Brook University website
- ^ "Aurora Levins Morales."
- ^ es:José María Lima
- ^ Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades. "Llorens Llorens, Washington." Puerto Rico Encyclopedia. Accessed 9 September 2010.
- ^ The True Death of Juan Ponce de León
- ^ Villanueva Collado, Alfredo. “René Marqués, Angel Lozada, and the Constitution of the (Queer) Puerto Rican National Subject”. CENTRO Journal 19:1 (Spring 2007), 179–191.
- ^ America's Colony: The Political and Cultural Conflict between the United States and Puerto Rico. "A Ponceño Goes to the United States: Othering (Part I). Page 9. In its introduction the author states he was born in Ponce, PR. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
- ^ Encyclopedia Puerto Rico
- ^ La Muerte no entra en un Palacio
- ^ Martinez Founders Medal Presentation
- ^ Introito a Mercedes. Jaime L. Marzán Ramos. 13 March 2011. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
- ^ Rodríguez-Matos, Carlos Antonio. "Matos-Cintrón, Nemir." In Latin American Writers on Gay and Lesbian Themes, ed. David William Foster, 216–17. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1994.
- ^ Francisco Matos Paoli
- ^ Casa Biblioteca Concha Meléndez
- ^ Sala Museo Manuel Méndez Ballester- Interamerican University
- ^ [2]
- ^ , Bibliografía Generación Ochenta
- ^ Dictionary of Literary Biography intro online
- ^ Heath Anthology bio
- ^ Puerto Rico Past and Present: An Encyclopedia By Ronald Fernandez, Serafín Méndez Méndez, Gail Cueto
- ^ Honoree - Georgia Writers Hall of Fame
- ^ Princeton's Children's Book Festival
- ^ "XVIII Hombre del Pasado"; By; Eugenio Astol; El Libro de Puerto Rico
- ^ "Luis Palés Matos: Poeta". Estudiantes Al Dia (in Spanish). Zonai.com. 2001.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ El Nuevo Dia
- ^ Monthly Review
- ^ Leslie Bennets (June 18, 1988). "Miguel Pinero, Whose Plays Dealt With Life in Prison, Is Dead at 41". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
- ^ Historia de la investigación científica en Puerto Rico
- ^ Quiroga, José. "Ramos Otero, Manuel." Encyclopedia of Latin American and Caribbean Literature, 1900–2003, ed. Daniel Balderston and Mike Gonzalez, 471–72. New York: Routledge, 2004. ISBN 0-415-30687-6.
- ^ The Hispanic Caribbean Literature Collection
- ^ Template:Es icon Fundación Nacional para la Cultura Popular. "Roberto Ramos-Perea." Retrieved 31 May 2012.
- ^ Rebollo-Gil, Guillermo. La carencia. San Juan de Puerto Rico: Terranova Editores, 2008. ISBN 9780979996184
- ^ Marie Teresa Rios
- ^ Template:Es icon Ríos Ávila, Rubén. La raza cómica: del sujeto en Puerto Rico. San Juan de Puerto Rico: Ediciones Callejón, 2002.
- ^ Edward Rivera
- ^ Jose Rivera awards and nominations at IMDB.com, accessed 1 August 2009.
- ^ Template:Es icon Universidad del Turabo. "Edgardo Rodríguez Juliá." Retrieved 31 May 2012.
- ^ http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/pageviews/2012/04/a-poet-laureate-for-all-five-boroughs-0
- ^ "JUSTIPRECIACIÓN DE LA OBRADE FRANCISCO ROJAS TOLLINCHI"; by Ada Hilda Martínez de Alicea; Dept. Estudios Hispánicos Pontificia Universidad Católica de PR.
- ^ Fundación Nacional para la Cultura
- ^ Fired NYPD cop writes gritty book to set record straight, BY John Marzulli
- ^ Santiago's Page on pbs.org
- ^ http://www.buffalostate.edu/insider/index.asp?article=2760
- ^ "Mayra Santos-Febres." John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 2012. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. <http://www.gf.org/fellows/16676-mayra-santos-febres>.
- ^ Death at Cerro Maravilla, TIME, May 14, 1979, retrieved June 12, 2007
- ^ Guide to the Clemente Soto Vélez and Amanda Vélez Papers 1924-1996
- ^ Zonai
- ^ Life and Flow
- ^ Aloud: Voices from the Nuyorican Poets Cafe Holt. ISBN 0-8050-3257-6.
- ^ "Puerto Rico Profile: Judge Edwin Torres". Puerto Rico Herald. 2000-12-01. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
- ^ Puertorriqueños Ilustres
- ^ Rivera, Carmen Haydée. "'Language is our only homeland': An Interview with Luz María Umpierre". CENTRO: Journal of the Center for Puerto Rican Studies 20.1 (Spring 2008): 13–21.
- ^ "Author Profile: Charlie Vázquez". BigFib.com'.' Retrieved 13 February 2009.
- ^ Chew, Selfa: entrevista a Lourdes Vázquez.[3] "Bilingual Review 28(3) (September-December 2004-2007 :265-268."
- ^ Puleo, Augustus. "Ana Lydia Vega, the Caribbean Storyteller." Afro-Hispanic Review 15.2 (Fall 1996): 21-25.
- ^ Official bio on his website
- ^ Memoir of a former abortion addict from the Los Angeles Times 13 October 2009
- ^ Colgan, Richard (2009) Advice to the Young Physician: On the Art of Medicine. Springer Press. p120
- ^ Template:Es icon Hernández, Domingo Luis. "En el Mundo de Iris: Entrevista a Iris Zavala." Barcelona Review 41 (March-April). Retrieved 31 May 2012.
- ^ La Charca
- ^ , Bibliografía de escritores puertorriqueños de la Generación Ochenta
External references
- Acosta-Belén, Edna. "Puerto Rican Literature in the United States," in Redefining American Literary History, Ed. A. LaVonne Brown Ruoff and Jerry W. Ward, MLA, 1990.
- Aldama, Frederick. Routledge Concise History of Latino/a Literature, featuring Puerto Rican authors Miguel Algarín, Giannina Braschi, Pedro Pietri, Miguel Piñero, Esmeralda Santiago, Piri Thomas, et al., Routledge, 2013.
- Bibliografía de escritores puertorriqueños de la Generación Ochenta (Generation of the 80's).
- Cancel, Mario R. Literatura y narrativa puertorriqueña: la escritura entre siglos. San Juan: Pasadizo, 2007.
- Callahan, Laura. Spanish/English Codeswitching in a Written Corpus. John Benjamins Publishing, 2004.
- Castillo, Debra. Redreaming America: Toward a Bilingual American Culture. On Ana Lydia Vega and Giannina Braschi. SUNY Series in Latin American and Iberian Thought and Culture, 2005.
- López Baralt, Mercedes. Literatura Puertorriqueña del Siglo XX: Antología. San Juan: EDUPR, 2004.
- Martínez Márquez, Alberto, and Mario Cancel. El límite volcado. Antología de la Generación de Poetas de los Ochenta. San Juan: Isla Negra, 2000.
- Milligan, Bryce, Floricanto Sí!: A Collection of Latina Poetry. Penguin, 1998.
- Moreira, Rubén Alejandro. Antología de la poesía puertorriqueña. Vol. I Romanticismo; Vol.II Modernismo y Postmodernismo; Vol. III Contemporánea; Vol. IV Contemporánea. San Juan: Tríptico, 1992-1993.
- Ortega, Julio. Antología de la poesía latinoamericana del siglo XXI: el turno y la transición. México: Editorial Siglo XXI, 1997.
- Torres, Lourdes. "In the Contact Zone: Code-Switching Strategies by Latino/a Writers", JUSTOR, 2007.
- Stanchich, Maritza. "Insular Interventions: Diasporic Puerto Rican Literature Bilanguaging toward a Greater Puerto Rico." Ph.D. diss, University of California, Santa Cruz, 2003.
- Torres-Padilla, José L. and Carmen Haydée Rivera. Writing Off the Hyphen: New Critical Perspectives on the Literature of the Puerto Rican Diaspora. University of Washington Press, 2008.
- Williams, Raymond L. The Columbia Guide to the Latin American Novel Since 1945. Featuring Puerto Rican novelists Giannina Braschi, Edgardo Rodríguez Juliá, Luis Rafael Sanchez, and Esmeralda Santiago. New york: Columbia University Press, 2007.
- Zimmerman, Marc. U.S. Latino Literature: An Essay and Annotated Bibliography. MARCH/Abrazo, 1992.