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Rivalries in Major League Baseball, like in other sports, have occurred between many teams and cities. Rivalries have arisen for many different reasons, the primary ones include geographic proximity, familiarity with opponents, violence, and cultural, linguistic, or national pride.

Interleague rivalries can be inconsistently scheduled during the regular season and generally tend to be based on geographic proximity and previous World Series matchups. An exception to this inconsistent scheduling is the eleven pairs of teams which meet six times a year during interleague play.

Background

Further information: Major League Baseball schedule

In the "Original 16" era (1901–60), there were eight teams in each league and teams in each league played each other 22 times a season.[1] With the Washington Senators (now the Texas Rangers) and Los Angeles Angels (now the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim) entering play as expansion teams in 1961, MLB increased the total number of games American League teams played to 162, which meant teams would play each other 18 times a season.[1] The National League did not implement this until the following year when the New York Mets and Houston Colt 45's (now the Houston Astros) entered play.[1]

In 1969, with the San Diego Padres, Seattle Pilots, Kansas City Royals, and Montreal Expos entering play as expansion teams, MLB split both leagues into two divisions with six teams each.[2] Teams played a total of 90 intra-divisional games, playing teams within the division 18 times each and 72 inter-divisional games, playing each team in the other division 12 times.[3][4] However, in 1977, the addition of the Seattle Mariners and Toronto Blue Jays reduced the number of intra-divisional games American League teams played to 78, as each team would play each team within the division 13 times.[4] However, they still played each team in the other division 12 times, but the total number of inter-divisional games increased to 84.[4] The National League did not institute this until 1993, when the Florida Marlins and Colorado Rockies entered play.[4]

In 1994, MLB split each league into three divisions,[5] but kept the 1993 format in scheduling.[6] In 1997, with the MLB adopting interleague play,[7] the schedules were changed.[8] The schedule for interleague play comprises 84 three-game series, namely six series (18 games) for each of fourteen AL teams and as many as six for each of 16 NL teams.

MLB changed its scheduling format in 2001, further intensifying division matchups throughout the league.[9] The new "unbalanced schedule" allowed for additional games in each season between divisional rivals, replacing additional series with teams outside the division.[10] Due to the change, division rivals now played each other 17 or more times each season.[11] The scheduling drew criticism both when it was enacted and after the fact, with some analysts even positing that the unbalanced schedule hurt intra-divisional play.[12]

American League

American League East

New York Yankees vs. Boston Red Sox

Main article: Yankees–Red Sox rivalry

The Yankees–Red Sox rivalry is one of the oldest, most famous and fiercest rivalries in American sports.[13][14][15] For more than 100 years, the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees have been intense rivals.[11]

The rivalry is often a heated subject of conversation in the Northeastern United States.[16] Since the inception of the wild card team and an added Division Series, the AL East rivals have squared off in the American League Championship Series three times, with the Yankees winning in 1999 and 2003 and the Sox winning in 2004.[17][18] In addition, the teams have twice met in the last regular-season series of a season to decide the league title, in 1904 (when the Red Sox won) and 1949 (when the Yankees won).[17]

The teams also finished tied for first in 1978, when the Yankees won a high-profile one-game playoff for the division title.[19] The 1978 division race is memorable for the Red Sox having held a 14-game lead over the Yankees more than halfway through the season.[20] Similarly, the 2004 ALCS is famous for the Yankees leading 3–0 and ultimately losing a best-of-7 series.[21] The Red Sox comeback is the only time in baseball history to date that a team has come back from a 3–0 deficit to win a series.[22]

The rivalry is often termed the "greatest rivalry in all of sports."[23] Games between the two teams often generate a great deal of interest and get extensive media coverage, including being broadcast on national television.[24][25] In the stands it is very common for Yankees fans and Red Sox fans to taunt each other and more than occasionally get into fistfights, so security at both Yankee Stadium and Fenway Park is heavy when either team comes to town.

Tampa Bay Rays vs. Boston Red Sox

While not as nationally famous as some rivalries, the Red Sox and the Tampa Bay Rays also have a rivalry that has been the focus of some memorable incidents:

  • August 29, 2000, when the Devil Rays' (as they were then known) Gerald Williams was hit by a pitch thrown by the Red Sox' Pedro Martinez. Williams charged the mound and landed a right hook on Martinez, prompting both benches to clear (before the end of the game, multiple Rays hitters had been ejected).
  • September 29, 2000: Rays closer Roberto Hernandez struck out the Red Sox' Trot Nixon and sarcastically waved goodbye to the Red Sox team as the Rays celebrated on the mound.
  • June 5, 2008: James Shields of the Rays throws at the Sox' Coco Crisp (in retaliation for an earlier play in which Crisp had slid hard into Akinori Iwamura at second base). Crisp charges the mound and brawls with Shields, prompting both benches to clear.
  • June 10, 2013: Matt Joyce of the Rays hits a home run off of the Red Sox' John Lackey. In Joyce's next at-bat, he almost hits another home run, but is eventually thrown out at first base, whereupon Lackey has some choice words for Joyce as the two teams walk off the field. Lackey subsequently hits Joyce with a pitch, prompting a bench-clearing brawl. The acrimony even spilled over onto Twitter, where the two teams regularly traded barbs. [27]

American League Central

Detroit Tigers vs. Chicago White Sox

The rivalry is between the Detroit Tigers and the Chicago White Sox. These two teams had many meetings, usually regular season. They are primary rivals to each other. This is being shared with other Chicago–Detroit battles like the Blackhawks–Red Wings rivalry of the NHL, Bears–Lions rivalry of the NFL, and the Bulls–Pistons rivalry of NBA. Although this rivalry shares the same cities with certain teams, it is not as competitive as other American League rivalries.

American League West

Houston Astros vs. Texas Rangers

Main article: Lone Star Series

The Lone Star Series (also, Silver Boot Series) is a Major League Baseball rivalry featuring Texas' two major league franchises, the Houston Astros and Texas Rangers. It is an outgrowth of the "natural rivalry" established by MLB as part of interleague play as the Rangers are a member of the American League and the Astros were a member of the National League until 2012.

During interleague play, the winner of the 6-game series was awarded the Silver Boot. A 30-inch (760 mm) tall display of a size-15 cowboy boot cast in silver, complete with a custom, handmade spur. If the series was split (3-to-3), the winner was the club which scored the most runs over the course of the series.

In 2013, the Astros joined the American League West with the Rangers and changed their rivalry from an interleague to an intra-division rivalry.

InterDivision

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim vs. Boston Red Sox

The rivalry between the Red Sox and Angels has developed in heated matchups in regular season and many playoff situations that regularly included fights, late inning rallies, and bad relations. The Red Sox and Angels rivalry dates back to Angels MLB franchise founder Gene Autry making a bet with former Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey that Autry's new expansion team would win more games than Yawkey's Red Sox. In 1964 Angels pitcher Bob Lee suffered a season-ending injury of a broken hand after trying to punch a Red Sox fan, which ultimately cost him an ERA title. In 1965 the first of many fights between the two clubs occurred when pitchers Dean Chance and Dave Morehead exchanged hit batters which caused a small 50 man free for all on the field that resulted in the bullpen fence at Dodger stadium being broken down and the riot squad being called. On August 17, 1967 Red Sox all-star outfielder Tony Conigliaro was beaned in the eye by a Jack Hamilton fastball, resulting in vision problems that caused him to miss the final month and a half of that Red Sox pennant winning season as well as the entire next season, and ultimately led to his early retirement.

National League

National League Central

Chicago Cubs vs. St. Louis Cardinals

Main article: Cardinals–Cubs rivalry

The Cardinals–Cubs rivalry refers to games between the St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Cubs. The Cubs lead the series 1,091–1,044 through 2010,[28] while the Cardinals lead in National League pennants with 18 against the Cubs' 16. However, the Cardinals have a clear edge when it comes to World Series successes, having won 11 championships to the Cubs' 2. Cardinals-Cubs games see numerous visiting fans in either St. Louis' Busch Stadium or Chicago's Wrigley Field.[29] When the National League split into two, and then three divisions, the Cardinals and Cubs remained together. They had 3 pennant races in 1930, 1935, and 1945.

Chicago Cubs vs. Milwaukee Brewers

Main article: Brewers–Cubs rivalry

The Brewers–Cubs rivalry (also known as the I-94 rivalry due to two ballparks being 83.3 miles from each other off Interstate 94) refers to games between the Milwaukee Brewers and Chicago Cubs. Before the Brewers moved to the National League in 1998, the Brewers had a rivalry against the American League Central's team, the Chicago White Sox.

National League West

Los Angeles Dodgers vs. San Francisco Giants

Main article: Dodgers–Giants rivalry

The Dodgers–Giants rivalry is one of the biggest in American baseball.[30][31]

It began in the late 19th century when both clubs were based in New York City, with the Dodgers playing in Brooklyn and the Giants playing at the Polo Grounds in Manhattan. After the 1957 season, Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley decided to move the team to Los Angeles for financial reasons, among others.[32] Along the way, he managed to convince Giants owner Horace Stoneham (who was considering moving his team to Minnesota) to preserve the rivalry by bringing his team to California as well.[32] New York baseball fans were stunned and heartbroken by the move.[32][33] Given that the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco have long been competitors in economic, cultural, and political arenas, the new venue in California became fertile ground for its transplantation.

Each team's ability to have endured for over a century while leaping across an entire continent, as well as the rivalry's growth from a cross-city to a cross-state engagement, have led to the rivalry being considered one of the greatest in sports history.[34][35][36]

Unlike many other historic baseball match-ups in which one team remains dominant for most of their history, the Dodgers–Giants rivalry has exhibited a persistent balance in the respective successes of the two teams. While the Giants have more wins, National League pennants and World Series titles in franchise history, the Dodgers have won the National League West eleven times compared to the Giants' eight. The 2012 World Series was the Giants' second championship since moving to California, while the Dodgers' last title came in the 1988 World Series.

Los Angeles Dodgers vs. Arizona Diamondbacks

While the nascent Diamondbacks had, since the team's inception in 1998, not found themselves with any serious rivalries for most of their existence, 2011 saw the birth of a fast brewing rivalry with the Dodgers. This can be traced to a fall game where Dodgers reliever Hong-Chih Kuo threw at the Diamondbacks' Gerardo Parra, who took exception to it - and later hit a home run off Kuo, sparking harsh words from the Dodgers (particularly Clayton Kershaw, who screamed at Parra all the way to home plate). Kershaw, in turn, hit Parra with a pitch the following night; in their next game together in May of 2012, the Dbacks' Ian Kennedy retaliated. However the rivalry hit a fever pitch in June of 2013, when Kennedy hit the Dodgers' Yasiel Puig, prompting Zack Greinke to retaliate by hitting Miguel Montero. However, Kennedy then proceeded to hit Greinke himself, and a furious bench-clearing brawl began.[37] Later that fall, the Dodgers clinched the NL West title - at Chase Field, the home of the Diamondbacks. Dodger players jumped into the pool at the Diamondbacks' home ballpark, but no brawls occurred (the opposing players and fans had all left).

The Dodgers and Diamondbacks are set to open the 2014 Major League Baseball season with a game at Sydney Cricket Ground in Australia.

National League East

New York Mets vs. Philadelphia Phillies

Main article: Mets–Phillies rivalry

The Mets–Phillies rivalry of Major League Baseball is said to be among the "hottest" in the National League.[38][39] The two National League East divisional rivals have met each other recently in playoff, division, and Wild Card races.

Aside from several brawls in the 1980s, the rivalry remained relatively low-key before the 2006 season,[40] as the teams had seldom been equally good at the same time.

Interleague

Background

Further information: Interleague play

Early discussions about interleague play

Interleague or interconference matchups have long been the norm in other professional sports leagues such as the National Football League.[7] Regular season interleague play was discussed for baseball's major leagues as early as the 1930s. In December 1956, Major League owners considered a proposal by Cleveland general manager and minority-owner Hank Greenberg to implement limited interleague play beginning in 1958.[41]

Under Greenberg's proposal, each team would continue to play 154-games in the season, 126 of which would be within the league, and 28 against the eight clubs. The interleague games would all be played during a period immediately following the All-Star Game. Notably, under Greenberg's proposal, all results would count in regular season game standings and league statistics.[41] While this proposal was not adopted, the current system shares many elements. Bill Veeck predicted in 1963 that Major League Baseball would someday have Interleague play.[42] The concept did not take hold until the 1990s (at least in part as an effort to renew the public's interest in MLB following the 1994 players' strike).[7]

First Interleague games

MLB's first regular season interleague game took place on June 12, 1997, when the Texas Rangers hosted the San Francisco Giants at Rangers Ballpark in Arlington.[43] There were four interleague games on the schedule that night, but the other three were played on the West Coast, so the Giants–Rangers matchup started a few hours earlier than the others.[43] Texas' Darren Oliver threw the game's first pitch and San Francisco outfielder Glenallen Hill was the first designated hitter used in a regular-season game by a National League team.[43] San Francisco's Stan Javier hit the first home run in interleague play, and the Giants won the game 4–3.[43]

For the first five seasons of Interleague Play, each division played against the same division from the other league (NL East vs. AL East, NL Central vs. AL Central and NL West vs. AL West), typically scheduled to alternate between home and away in consecutive years.[44] However, in 2002, a new format to Interleague Play was instituted where teams play Interleague games against various divisions.[44] Matchups which had been of particular interest prior to this format—mainly geographic rivals—were preserved. This is expected to be the continuing format of the interleague schedule. Corresponding divisions however, were skipped once when this rotation began, but were put back in the rotation in 2006.

From 2002-12, all interleague games were played prior to the All-Star Game. Most games were played in June, though May games have been scheduled since 2005. Among the 224 interleague pairs of teams, 11 played six games every year, which were scheduled in two three-game series "home and home," or one at each home ballpark. Five of these matches feature two teams in the same city or in neighboring cities, where they wholly or partly share territorial rights. Six are regional matches at greater distance, four of which are in the same state.

Oakland Athletics vs. San Francisco Giants

Main article: Bay Bridge Series

The Bay Bridge Series is the name of the games played between—and rivalry of—the Oakland Athletics of the AL and San Francisco Giants of the NL. The series takes its name from the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge which links the cities of Oakland and San Francisco. Although competitive, the regional rivalry between the A's and Giants is considered a friendly one with mostly mutual companionship between the fans, as opposed to Cubs–White Sox, or Mets–Yankees games where animosity runs high. While many fans have a very strong dislike for the other team, some others actually like both. Bay Area baseball fans tend to disagree with each other on this topic.

The series is also occasionally referred to as the "BART Series" for the Bay Area Rapid Transit system that links Oakland to San Francisco. However, the name "BART Series" has never been popular beyond a small selection of history books and national broadcasters and has fallen out of favor. Bay Area locals almost exclusively refer to the rivalry as the "Bay Bridge Series".

Originally, the term described a series of exhibition games played between the two clubs after the conclusion of spring training, immediately prior to the start of the regular season. It was first used to refer to the 1989 World Series in which the Athletics won their most recent championship and the first time both teams had met since they moved to the San Francisco Bay Area. Today, it also refers to games played between the teams during the regular season since the commencement of interleague play in 1997. Through May 22, 2011, the A's have won 42 games, and the Giants have won 41.[45]

Chicago Cubs vs. Chicago White Sox

Main article: Cubs–White Sox rivalry

The Cubs–White Sox rivalry (also known as the BP Crosstown Cup, Crosstown Classic, The Windy City Showdown,[46] Red Line Series, City Series, Crosstown Series,[47] Crosstown Cup or Crosstown Showdown[47]) refers to the rivalry between two Major League Baseball teams that play their home games in Chicago, Illinois. The Chicago Cubs of the NL play their home games at Wrigley Field located on the city's North side, while the Chicago White Sox of the AL play their home games at U.S. Cellular Field on the city's South side. The terms "North Siders" and "South Siders" are synonymous with the respective teams and their fans, setting up an enduring rivalry. The Chicago Transit Authority's Red Line runs north-south through Chicago's neighborhoods, stopping at Wrigley Field and U.S. Cellular Field.

Notably this rivalry actually predates the Interleague Play Era, with the only postseason meeting occurring in the 1906 World Series. It was the first World Series between teams from the same city. The White Sox won the series 4 games to 2, over the highly favored Cubs who had won a record 116 games during the regular season. The rivalry continued through of exhibition games, culminating in the Crosstown Classic from 1985-1995, in which the White Sox were undefeated at 10-0-2. The White Sox currently lead the regular season series 49-44. There have been eight series sweeps since interleague play began: five by the Cubs in 1998, 2004, 2007, 2008 and 2013, and three by the White Sox in 1999, 2008 and 2012.

New York Mets vs. New York Yankees

Main article: Mets–Yankees rivalry

The Mets–Yankees rivalry is the latest incarnation of the Subway Series, the competition between New York City's Major League Baseball teams, the AL Yankees and NL Mets. Until Interleague play started, the two teams had only met in exhibition games. Since the inception of interleague play the teams have met in every season since 1997 and faced off in the 2000 World Series.

Baltimore Orioles vs. Washington Nationals

Main article: Battle of the Beltways

Known as the Battle of the Beltways (after Washington's I-495 and Baltimore's I-695, the two teams first met in 2006 one year after the Nationals' relocation from Montreal to Washington. Much of this rivalry is dominated by off-the field issues. Baltimore owner Peter Angelos publicly opposed relocating the Expos to Washington, which he believed was a part of his territorial rights after the departure of the second incarnation of the Washington Senators in 1971. There are also controversies surrounding the value of the Nationals' television rights and their coverage on the Mid-Atlantic Sports Network.

Historical

Atlanta Braves vs. New York Mets

Main article: Braves–Mets rivalry

The rivalry between the New York Mets and Atlanta Braves of the National League existed during the late 1990s and early 2000s. It has since cooled as of 2001.

New York Yankees vs. Los Angeles Dodgers

Main article: Dodgers–Yankees rivalry

The Dodgers–Yankees rivalry is one of the most well-known rivalries in Major League Baseball.[48] The two teams have met 11 times in the World Series, more times than any other pair of teams from the American and National Leagues.[48] The initial significance was embodied in the two teams' proximity in New York City, when the Dodgers initially played in Brooklyn. After the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles in 1958, the rivalry retained its significance as the two teams represented the dominant cities on each coast of the United States, and since the 1980s, the two largest cities in the United States.

New York Yankees vs. San Francisco Giants

Main article: Giants–Yankees rivalry

The rivalry between the New York Giants and New York Yankees was intense as both teams not only inhabited New York City but also, for a time, the same ballpark.[49] During that era the opportunities for them to meet could only have been in a World Series. Both teams kicked off the first Subway Series between the NL and AL in 1921.

Los Angeles Dodgers vs. Cincinnati Reds

The Dodgers–Reds rivalry was one of the most intense during the 1970s and '80s. They often competed for the NL West division title. From 1970–90, they had eleven 1-2 finishes in the standings, with seven of them being within 5½ games or fewer. Both teams also played in numerous championships during this span, combining to win 10 NL Pennants and 5 World Series titles from 1970–1990. Reds manager Sparky Anderson once said, "I don't think there's a rivalry like ours in either league. The Giants are supposed to be the Dodgers' natural rivals, but I don't think the feeling is there anymore. It's not there the way it is with us and the Dodgers."[50] The rivalry ended when division realignment moved the Reds to the NL Central. However, they did face one another in the 1995 NLDS.

Philadelphia Phillies vs. Pittsburgh Pirates

Main article: Phillies–Pirates rivalry

The rivalry between the Philadelphia Phillies and Pittsburgh Pirates was considered by some to be one of the best rivalries in the NL.[51][52][53] The rivalry started when the Pittsburgh Pirates entered play in 1887, four years after the Phillies.[5]

The Phillies and Pirates remained together after the National League split into two divisions in 1969. During the period of two-division play (1969–1993), the two National League East division rivals won the two highest numbers of division championships, the Pirates 9, the Phillies 6; together, the two teams' 15 championships accounted for more than half of the 25 NL East championships during that span.[54]

However, after the Pirates moved to the National League Central in 1994, the rivalry ended. The teams have since faced each other only in two series per year and the rivalry has effectively died in the years since the Pirates moved out of the NL East.[52][53]

See also

References

Inline citations

  1. ^ a b c Drebinger, John (December 8, 1960). "Vote Unanimous on Ten-Club Plan". The New York Times. p. 48.
  2. ^ Koppet, Leonard (July 11, 1968). "Major Leagues Adopt 2-Division, 162-Game Format for 1969 Only". The New York Times. p. 45.
  3. ^ "New National League Format Has Cincinnati in West and St. Louis in East". New York Times. February 9, 1969. p. S2.
  4. ^ a b c d "NL Changes Format". Associated Press. September 3, 1992.
  5. ^ a b Stark, Jayson (September 10, 1993). "Baseball Owners Vote to Break Each League Into Three Divisions". Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A1.
  6. ^ Bodley, Hal (January 25, 1994). "Central and West teams are realignment winners". USA Today. p. 5C.
  7. ^ a b c Blum, Ronald (January 18, 1996). "Owners Approve Interleague Play; Don't See DH as Problem". Associated Press.
  8. ^ Chass, Murray (January 19, 1996). "In '97, Let the Games (Between the Leagues) Begin". The New York Times. p. B9. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
  9. ^ Chass, Murray (December 6, 2000). "Division Race Just Got Harder For Mets". The New York Times. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  10. ^ Donovan, John (March 21, 2001). "New schedule will make for some hot division races". CNNSI.com.
  11. ^ a b Dodd, Mike (October 12, 2004). "Here they go again...; Red Sox vs. Yankees: Bitter enemies clash with Series on line". USA Today. p. 1C. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
  12. ^ Click, James (September 19, 2003). "Checks and Balances: Looking at the Unbalanced Schedule". Baseball Prospectus.
  13. ^ Shaughnessy 2005, p. 21
  14. ^ Frommer & Frommer 2004, p. 78
  15. ^ Bodley, Hal (October 21, 2004). "Sport's ultimate rivalry; Yanks-Red Sox epic battles go way back". USA Today. p. 3C. Retrieved January 26, 2011.
  16. ^ Shaughnessy 2005, p. 19
  17. ^ a b DiGiovanna, Mike (October 12, 2004). "They Love to Hate Each Other; Red Sox and Yankees carry bitter rivalry into championship series that starts tonight". Los Angeles Times. p. D1.
  18. ^ Shaughnessy, Dan (October 21, 2004). "A World Series ticket; Sox complete comeback, oust Yankees for AL title". The Boston Globe. p. A1.
  19. ^ Frommer & Frommer 2004, pp. 177–179
  20. ^ Frommer & Frommer 2004, p. 175
  21. ^ Kepner, Tyler (October 21, 2004). "Back From Dead, Red Sox Bury Yanks and Go to Series". New York Times. p. A1.
  22. ^ Rieber, Anthony (May 16, 2010). "Bruins' fall brings back memories of 2004". Newsday. p. 68. The 2004 Yankees...are the only baseball team in history to lead a postseason series 3–0 and not win it.
  23. ^ The New York Times; The Boston Globe (2004). The rivals: the Boston Red Sox vs. the New York Yankees: an inside history (1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 1. ISBN 0-312-33616-0.
  24. ^ Wallace, Tim (July 10, 2011). "Two nations, over the air: Portrait of a rivalry in radio waves". Boston Globe. p. K12. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
  25. ^ Ortiz, Jorge L. (May 7, 2010). "Yankees vs. Red Sox: Long-running drama". USA Today. p. 1C.
  26. ^ "Is Red Sox-Rays the Most Underrated Heated Rivalry in Baseball?". Bleacher Report. 2013-06-11. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
  27. ^ "Red Sox, Rays Engage In Twitter FIght After Shift In AL East Standings". CBS Boston. 2013-07-30. Retrieved 2014-02-24.
  28. ^ "Head-to-Head results for Chicago Orphans and Chicago Cubs vs. St. Louis Cardinals from 1901 to 2010". baseball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  29. ^ Lee, Tony (January 12, 2011). "Cubs, Cardinals Must Emulate Yankees, Red Sox to Rekindle Rivalry". NESN. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
  30. ^ "Baseball's top 10 rivalries".
  31. ^ "In Depth: Baseball's Most Intense Rivalries".
  32. ^ a b c Murphy, Robert (2009). After many a summer: the passing of the Giants and Dodgers and a golden age in New York baseball. New York: Sterling. ISBN 978-1-4027-6068-6.
  33. ^ Sullivan, Neil J. (1987). The Dodgers move west: the transfer of the Brooklyn baseball franchise to Los Angeles. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504366-9.
  34. ^ "The 10 greatest rivalries". ESPN.com. January 3, 2000.
  35. ^ Caple, Jim (September 16, 2002). "Giants-Dodgers best rivalry in baseball". ESPN.com.
  36. ^ Beard, Donald (March 30, 2005). "Giants-Dodgers Covers a Lot of Ground". The Washington Post. p. H5.
  37. ^ "A look at the makings of Dodgers-Diamondbacks rivalry". L.A. Times. June 12, 2013.
  38. ^ Bondy, Filip (April 11, 2008). "Mets-Phillies rivalry looking like what Mets-Braves used to be". New York Daily News. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
  39. ^ Westcott, Rich (2010). Philadelphia Phillies Past & Present. MVP Books. p. 10. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  40. ^ Bondy, Filip (May 24, 2006). "Despite long game, rivalry long way off". New York Daily News. p. 65. (Billy) Wagner...was a Phillie...never heard anybody in the clubhouse speak harshly about the Mets, or vice versa. These ships have been passing quietly in the night for decades, with plenty of open sea between them.
  41. ^ a b Drebinger, John (December 9, 1956). "Player Limit, Interleague Games Toy Issues on Majors' Agenda". New York Times. p. 235.
  42. ^ Hurwitz, Hy (May 4, 1963). "Veeck Predicts Big Time Will Adopt Interloop Play". The Sporting News. p. 4.
  43. ^ a b c d Chass, Murray (June 13, 1997). "Baseball Crosses Great Divide: AL 3, NL 1". New York Times. p. B9.
  44. ^ a b "Interleague History". MLB.com. Retrieved May 20, 2011.
  45. ^ "Head-to-Head record for Oakland Athletics against the listed opponents from 1997 to 2009". baseball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC.
  46. ^ Merkin, Scott (June 21, 2007). "Buehrle Opens Windy City Showdown". MLB.com. WhiteSox.com.
  47. ^ a b Dodd, Mike; Keen, Judy (October 3, 2008). "There Are Two Sides To the Story for Cubs and White Sox Fans". USA Today.
  48. ^ a b Nightengale, Bob (June 25, 2010). "Oscars of interleague: Stars coming out for Yankees-Dodgers". USA Today. p. C4.
  49. ^ Spatz, Lyle; Steinberg, Steve (2010). 1921: The Yankees, the Giants, and the Battle for Baseball Supremacy in New York. Lincoln, Ne.: University of Nebraska Press.
  50. ^ Fimrite, Ron (April 28, 1975). "Where There's Smoke There's Ire". Sports Illustrated.
  51. ^ Woolsey, Matt (April 28, 2009). "In Depth: Baseball's Most Intense Rivalries". Forbes.
  52. ^ a b Collier, Gene (July 4, 2005). "Pirates—Phillies: A Rivalry Lost and Missed". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. D1.
  53. ^ a b Von Benko, George (July 7, 2005). "Notes: Phils–Pirates rivalry fading". Phillies.MLB.com. Major League Baseball. Retrieved January 3, 2011.
  54. ^ Collier, Gene (September 27, 1993). "Pirates, Phillies Have Owned the Outgoing NL East Division". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. D1.

Bibliography

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