Abdus Sattar (president)

Justice Abdus Sattar আব্দুস সাত্তার
File:Abdus Sattar (Bangladesh).jpg
President of Bangladesh
In office 30 May 1981 – 24 March 1982
Preceded by	Ziaur Rahman
Succeeded by	A.F.M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury
Vice President of Bangladesh
In office 1977–1981
Preceded by	Syed Nazrul Islam
Succeeded by	Mirza Nurul Huda
Personal details
Born	1906 Birbhum, Bengal Presidency, British Raj (now in West Bengal, India)
Died	October 5, 1985 Dhaka, Bangladesh
Alma mater	University of Calcutta

Justice Abdus Sattar (1906–1985) was a Bangladeshi statesman. A leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), he served as the 9th President of Bangladesh from 1981 to 1982, and earlier as the 2nd Vice President of Bangladesh from 1977 to 1981. A jurist by profession, Sattar held numerous constitutional and political offices in British Bengal, East Pakistan and Bangladesh. Sattar was one of Bangladesh's few executive presidents. Beset by health problems and old age, his short lived presidency was marked by political turmoil and growing interference from the military. Sattar was overthrown in the 1982 Bangladesh coup d'état.

Early life and career

Sattar was born in 1906 in Birbhum, undivided Bengal, British India. He obtained his LLB and Master of Law from the University of Calcutta and joined the Calcutta High Court Bar. He became a protege of A. K. Fazlul Huq, the first Prime Minister of Bengal. He served in various municipal bodies in Calcutta as an activist for the Krishak Praja Party. In 1950, following the Partition of British India, Sattar moved to Dacca in the Dominion of Pakistan. He joined the Dhaka High Court Bar. He was elected to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan in 1955 as a candidate of the Krishak Praja Party. He served as the Home Minister of Pakistan and Education Minister of Pakistan in the cabinet of Prime Minister Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar. He was appointed as a Justice in the Dhaka High Court, which he served between 1957 and 1968. He also presided over cases in the Supreme Court of Pakistan.

In 1969, Sattar was appointed as the Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan. He organized the first general election of Pakistan in 1970, in which the Awami League gained a historic parliamentary majority to form government. The League was denied the handover of power by the then military junta led by General Yahya Khan. As the Bangladesh Liberation War erupted with a genocide against Bengali civilians, Sattar was trapped in Islamabad in West Pakistan. He was removed from official positions and interned by the Pakistani government. In 1973, Sattar was allowed to return to independent Bangladesh. He enjoyed rising prominence in Dhaka, but lived a quiet life with his wife and had no children.

Justice Sattar served as Chairman of the Board of Directors in the Bangladesh Life Insurance Corporation (1973-1974), Chairman of the Journalist Wage Board (1974-1975) and Chairman of the Bangladesh Institute of Law and International Affairs. He was appointed as an adviser to President Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem and vested in charge of the Ministry of Law and Parliamentary Affairs. In 1977, Lt General Ziaur Rahman appointed Sattar as Vice President of Bangladesh. He joined the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). Speaking of Zia, Sattar said "he was like my son. I loved him too much. I loved him because he was trying to build this small country in a better way."

Presidency

When Zia was assassinated in May 1981, a frail Vice President Sattar was in hospital and automatically became the Acting President of Bangladesh. Speaking to foreign reporters in Bangabhaban on 4 June, he announced that elections within 180 days of the death of the former president were on schedule as per the constitution, to "foil any conspiracy to disturb the democratic process in the country." A state of emergency was imposed. The election date of 21 September was pushed back to 15 November, as opposition parties demanded more time to campaign. Violence occurred when 12 army officers were executed after being convicted of complicity in Zia's killing.

As the nominee of BNP, Sattar won a landslide victory in the presidential election in 1981, beating his principal challenger Kamal Hossain from the Awami League. Hossain and other opposition groups alleged the polls were rigged. The emergency was lifted after the election. Sattar appointed a 42-member Council of Ministers. He let Zia's controversial prime minister Shah Azizur Rahman continue in the top job. Sattar personally held the Defence and Planning portfolios. He appointed economist Mirza Nurul Huda as Vice President.

A major communal disturbance took place in neighboring Indian state of Assam, where violence flared against Bengali-speaking migrants, many of whom were from Bangladesh.

Sattar formed a National Security Council to explore how the Bangladesh Armed Forces could contribute to the nation's development. He was elected unopposed as President of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party in January 1982. Sattar formed a new cabinet after his party election. Vice President Huda resigned on 21 March 1982, claiming that he was the victim of a conspiracy within the BNP. Sattar appointed Mohammad Mohammadullah as Huda's replacement.

1982 military coup

A bloodless coup-d'etat led by the Bangladesh Army chief Hussain Muhammad Ershad toppled Sattar's government in 1982. On the morning of 24 March 1982, the heads of the Bangladesh Navy, the Bangladesh Air Force, the Bangladesh Rifles and the military secretary to the president entered Bangabhaban and forced Sattar to sign a statement relinquishing power. Martial law was declared. Sattar was replaced by the chief justice A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury.

Death

Justice Sattar died at the Suhrawardy Hospital in Dhaka on 5 October 1985. He was buried with full state honours.