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Mahishasura

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A statue of Mahishasura in Chamundi Hills, Mysore.

According to Hindu mythology, Mahishasura in some versions was a combination of both an Asura and a Mahisha (aurochs) with trident reside in west. He intended to annihilate all the Devas since they were the arch-enemies of Asuras. However, he was a devotee of Brahma (from whom he gained his strength, through penance) and a disciple of the Brahmin Shukracharya. The legend of Mahishasura is important in Hindu mythology since the goddess Durga was born in order to slay him. Therefore, his story is an important part of shaktiism which venerates the goddess Durga. Mahishasura also appears in Buddhist art within a Lakshana Devi temple shown being slain by the goddess in Chamba (Himachal Pradesh)[1] and at Hatkoti being slain by Vajeshvari Devi, as well as at sanctuary at Tapa Sardar near Ghazni, Afghanistan, and in Central Tibet, as a demon being slayed by goddess Durga.[2] There are also Jain depictions of Mahishasura-Mardini in the Jodhpur Museum and as Sachikadevi at temples in Junagad,[3] and as Mahishasura-mardini at Siddh-ki-gufa at Deogarh.[4]

The mythology of Mahishasura

This painting shows a battle between Durga and Mahishasura.

Rambha, the king of Asuras was enticed with the beauty of a she-buffalo. Eventually he married her. Out of this bestiality union, was born a child which was half buffalo and half human. This child was named Mahishasura (Mahisha literally means buffalo). Mahishasura, being an Asura wanted to wage war against their arch-enemies, the Devas; to make himself invincible, he performed a tapas to Brahma and requested that he be granted immortality. Brahma refused him the boon of immortality and instead gave him a boon such that his death will happen only at the hands of a woman. Mahishasura considered himself immortal since he felt that it was impossible for a woman to slay a person of his strength.[5] Thus with this belief, Mahishasura started a war with the Devas and a battle took place. The Devas led by the Indra were defeated. The Devas requested the trinity of Shiva, Brahma and Vishnu requesting help, subsequently they combined their thejas and created a woman. The Goddess thus created was Durga and she eventually led a battle against Mahishasura and killed him, thus fulfilling the prophecy that he would meet his death at the hands of a woman.

Mahishasura in Art

Durga slaying Mahishasura is a prominent theme which was sculpted in various caves and temples across India. Some of the prominent representations are seen at the Mahishasuramardini caves in Mahabalipram, the Ellora caves, in the entrance of Rani ki vav[6] Hoysaleswara Temple in Halebidu and many more temples across India.

Durga is worshiped in her Mahishasuramardini form, during Durga Puja

The worship of Durga during Durga puja in West Bengal is done to the idols of Durga which depict Durga killing Mahishasura.

Mahishasura and Mysore

The popular legend is that Mysuru gets its name from Goddess Durga, Mahishasura Mardini. It is believed that the people of this region were saved from the Buffalo Demon Mahishasura who had come from bottom South and occupied the land. This is when people prayed to Goddess Durga for help and she descended during a sacred period which is now called Navratri and Dushera. Thus, the Nine days battle took place on the Chamundi Hills where he was slayed at last.[7] Hence, the Dusshera festival is the biggest festival and this is also called Nada Habba which means, the State Festival in Kannada and is famously known as Mysore Dasara. The temple of the city’s guardian deity, Chamunda has a giant statue of Mahishasura. In Sanskrit Mahisha means a buffalo. There is a popular story to substantiate the association of a buffalo demon slayer with the city’s name. The earliest mention of Mysore in recorded history may be traced to 245 B.C., i.e., to the period of Ashoka when on the conclusion of the third Buddhist convocation, a team was dispatched to Mahisha mandala, the region that was once occupied by the demon, for propagating Buddhism, which also emphasises its association with buffaloes.[8]

Conflict of Durga with Mahishasur - Mahishasuramardini Cave Temple, Mamallapuram (c. 1880) Mahishasura Mardini caves in Mahabalipuram depicting the battle between Mahishasura and Durga.
Ellora Cave
Mahishasuramardini in Pattadakal Virupaksha temple, Karnataka

Mahishi (Mahishasura's Sister)

In Kerala, there exists a parallel mythology according to which, Mahishasura had a sister by the name of Mahishi (Mahishasur's Sister). After the death of Mahishasura, Mahishi continued the war against Devas.

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mahishasura.
  1. ^ P. 112 Buddhist Art & Antiquities of Himachal Pradesh, Upto 8th Century A.D. By Omacanda Hāṇḍā
  2. ^ P. 209 Himalayan Bronzes: Technology, Style, and Choices By Chandra L. Reedy
  3. ^ Jinmanjari: Contemporary Jaina Reflections, Volumes 17-22 By Bramhi Society
  4. ^ P. 118 Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-violence By Kurt Titze, Klaus Bruhn
  5. ^ Mahishasuramardini. "mahishasur". www.maavaishnodevi.org. /www.maavaishnodevi.org/. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  6. ^ mahishasuramardini. "Rani ki vav". http://www.frontline.in/arts-and-culture/heritage/a-queens-tribute/article6675794.ece. frontline magazine. Retrieved 26 January 2016. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  7. ^ "Mysuru name". http://www.mysore.org.uk/mysore-history.html. Retrieved 27 January 2016. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  8. ^ "DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK MYSORE" (PDF). Census of India 2011 KARNATAKA. SERIES-30 PART XII-B. 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
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