Executive Order 13780
Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States | |
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![]() President Trump signing the revised order in the Oval Office | |
![]() Executive Order 13780 in the Federal Register | |
Type | Executive order |
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Executive Order number | 13780 |
Signed by | Donald Trump on March 6, 2017 |
Federal Register details | |
Federal Register document number | 2017-04837 |
Publication date | March 9, 2017 |
Document citation | 13209 |
Summary | |
* Not fully in force since March 16, 2017 |
Executive Order 13780, titled Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States, is an executive order signed by United States President Donald Trump on March 6, 2017, that places limits on travel to the U.S. from certain countries, and by all refugees who do not possess either a visa or valid travel documents. According to its terms on March 16, 2017, this executive order revoked and replaced Executive Order 13769 issued January 27, 2017.
On March 15, 2017, Judge Derrick Watson of the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii issued a temporary restraining order enjoining the government from enforcing several key provisions of the order (Sections 2 and 6). By taking into account evidence beyond the words of the executive order itself, the judge reasoned the executive order was likely motivated by anti-Muslim sentiment and thus breached the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution. On the same date, Judge Theodore Chuang of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland reached a similar conclusion (enjoining Section 2(c) only). The Department of Justice stated that it "will continue to defend [the] Executive Order in the courts".[1] Shortly following arguments from the state of Hawaii and the Department of Justice, the restraining order was converted by Watson into an indefinite preliminary injunction on March 29.[2][3]
Provisions and effect
At 12:01am EDT on March 16, 2017, Executive Order 13780 revoked and replaced Executive Order 13769.[4] Sections 2 and 6 were enjoined by Judge Watson’s temporary restraining order in Hawaii v. Trump before they could take effect.[5][6] Among other things, Section 6 would set the number of admissible refugees and Section 2 would prohibit immigration from six countries. Section 15(a) contemplates that even if part(s) of the executive order are held invalid, other parts of the order still go into effect.[7] The order would reduce the number of refugees to be admitted into the United States (in 2017) to 50,000 and suspend the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) for 120 days, after which the program would be conditionally resumed for individual countries. The order would direct some cabinet secretaries to suspend entry of nationals from countries who do not meet adjudication standards under the Immigration and Nationality Act. Homeland Security lists these countries as Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen, with Iraq being removed compared with Executive Order 13769.[7][8][9]
Section 3: Scope and implementation of the suspension
Section 3 outlines many exceptions to suspensions of immigration that the order requires.
Exceptions
The order does not apply to international travelers from the six named countries who are:
Citation | Individual Exceptions listed in Executive Order 13780 |
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3(b)(i) | Any lawful permanent resident of the United States.[7] |
3(b)(ii) | Any foreign national who is admitted to or paroled into the United States on or after the effective date of this order.[7] |
3(b)(iii) | Any foreign national who has a document other than a visa, valid on the effective date of this order or issued on any date thereafter, that permits him or her to travel to the United States and seek entry or admission, such as an advance parole document.[7] |
3(b)(iv) | Any dual national of a country designated under section 2 of this order when the individual is traveling on a passport issued by a non-designated country.[7] |
3(b)(v) | Any foreign national traveling on a diplomatic or diplomatic type visa, North Atlantic Treaty Organization visa, C-2 visa for travel to the United Nations, or G-1, G-2, G-3, or G-4 visa.[7] |
3(b)(vi) | Any foreign national who has been granted asylum.[7] |
3(b)(vi) | Any refugee who has already been admitted to the United States.[7] |
3(b)(vi) | Any individual who has been granted withholding of removal, advance parole, or protection under the Convention Against Torture.[7] |
Case-by-case determinations
The order allows exceptions to the entry ban to be reviewed on a case-by-case basis for the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of State to issue waivers or approval of a visa for travelers from the countries of concern stated in the order. The order allows case-by-case waivers if:
Citation | Case-by-Case Exceptions listed in Executive Order 13780 |
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3(c)(i) | The foreign national has previously been admitted to the United States for a continuous period of work, study, or other long-term activity, is outside the United States on the effective date of this order, seeks to reenter the United States to resume that activity, and the denial of reentry during the suspension period would impair that activity.[7] |
3(c)(ii) | The foreign national has previously established significant contacts with the United States but is outside the United States on the effective date of this order for work, study, or other lawful activity.[7] |
3(c)(iii) | The foreign national seeks to enter the United States for significant business or professional obligations and the denial of entry during the suspension period would impair those obligations.[7] |
3(c)(iv) | The foreign national seeks to enter the United States to visit or reside with a close family member (e.g., a spouse, child, or parent) who is a United States citizen, lawful permanent resident, or alien lawfully admitted on a valid nonimmigrant visa, and the denial of entry during the suspension period would cause undue hardship.[7] |
3(c)(v) | The foreign national is an infant, a young child or adoptee, an individual needing urgent medical care, or someone whose entry is otherwise justified by the special circumstances of the case.[7] |
3(c)(vi) | The foreign national has been employed by, or on behalf of, the United States Government (or is an eligible dependent of such an employee) and the employee can document that he or she has provided faithful and valuable service to the United States Government.[7] |
3(c)(vii) | The foreign national is traveling for purposes related to an international organization designated under the International Organizations Immunities Act (IOIA), 22 U.S.C. § 288, traveling for purposes of conducting meetings or business with the United States Government, or traveling to conduct business on behalf of an international organization not designated under the IOIA.[7] |
3(c)(viii) | The foreign national is a landed immigrant of Canada who applies for a visa at a location within Canada.[7] |
3(c)(ix) | The foreign national is traveling as a United States Government-sponsored exchange visitor.[7] |
Section 4: Additional inquiries related to nationals of Iraq
Although Iraq was removed from the list of seven countries included in Executive Order 13769, this section still calls for a "thorough review".
Section 8: Expedited completion of the biometric entry–exit tracking system
Under Section 8 of Executive Order 13780, the head of DHS must "expedite the completion and implementation of a biometric entry–exit tracking system for in-scope travelers to the United States, as recommended by the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States." Gary Leff, an airline-industry expert, referring to a 2016 DHS publication, believes it is likely the term "in-scope" refers to all non-U.S. citizens within the ages of 14 and 79, which Leff believes will increase the costs (money and time) of air travel perhaps due to fingerprinting requirements for all such people who travel into the U.S.[10][11]
Statutory authorization and related statutory prohibitions
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Visas_to_7_countries_in_immigration_ban_by_type_and_number_2016.png/220px-Visas_to_7_countries_in_immigration_ban_by_type_and_number_2016.png)
The order cites paragraph (f) of Title 8 of the United States Code § 1182 which discusses inadmissible aliens. Paragraph (f) states:
"Whenever the President finds that the entry of any aliens or of any class of aliens into the United States would be detrimental to the interests of the United States, he may by proclamation, and for such period as he shall deem necessary, suspend the entry of all aliens or any class of aliens as immigrants or nonimmigrants, or impose on the entry of aliens any restrictions he may deem to be appropriate."[13]
When Judge Chuang enjoined part of the executive order he based his decision in part on paragraph (a) of Title 8 of the United States Code § 1152, which discusses impermissible discrimination when granting immigrant visas:
"No person shall receive any preference or priority or be discriminated against in the issuance of an immigrant visa because of the person's race, sex, nationality, place of birth, or place of residence."
Legal challenges
Hawaii v. Trump
State of Hawaii v. Donald J. Trump | |
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Court | United States District Court for the District of Hawaii |
Full case name | State of Hawaii and Ismail Elshikh, Plaintiffs, v. Donald J. Trump, in his official capacity as President of the United States of America, et al., Defendants |
Citation | No. 1:17-cv-00050 |
On March 7, 2017, the state of Hawaii brought a civil action challenging the executive order, asking for declaratory judgment and an injunction halting the order.[14][15] The State of Hawaii moved for leave to file an Amended Complaint pertaining to Executive Order 13780.[16][17][18] Doug Chin, Hawaii’s attorney general, publicly stated, "This new executive order is nothing more than Muslim Ban 2.0. Under the pretense of national security, it still targets immigrants and refugees. It leaves the door open for even further restrictions.”[19] Hawaii’s legal challenge to the revised ban cites top White House advisor Stephen Miller as saying the revised travel ban is meant to achieve the same basic policy outcome as the original.[20]
The Amended Complaint lists eight specific causes of action pertaining to Executive Order 13780:
- Violation of the First Amendment Establishment Clause claiming the travel ban targets Muslims
- Violation of the Fifth Amendment Equal Protection clause
- Violation of the Fifth Amendment Substantive Due Process clause
- Violation of the Fifth Amendment Procedural Due Process
- Violation of the Immigration and Nationality Act 8 U.S.C. § 1152(a)(1)(A). and 8 U.S.C. § 1182(f) and 8 U.S.C. § 1185(a)
- Violations of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act 42 U.S.C. § 2000bb-1(a)
- Substantive Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act through Violations of the Constitution, Immigration and Nationality Act, and Arbitrary and Capricious Action 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A)-(C).
- Procedural Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(D)., 5 U.S.C. § 551(1)., and 5 U.S.C. § 553.
On March 15, 2017 United States District Judge Derrick Watson issued a temporary restraining order preventing sections 2 and 6 of executive order 13780 from going into effect.[21][5][6] In his order, Judge Watson ruled that the State of Hawaii showed a strong likelihood of success on their Establishment Clause claim in asserting that Executive Order 13780 was in fact a "Muslim ban". Judge Watson stated in his ruling, "When considered alongside the constitutional injuries and harms discussed above, and the questionable evidence supporting the Government’s national security motivations, the balance of equities and public interests justify granting the Plaintiffs. Nationwide relief is appropriate in light of the likelihood of success on the Establishment Clause claim."[22][6] He also stated, concerning the Order's neutrality to religion, that the government's position that Courts may not look behind the exercise of executive discretion and must only review the text of the Order was rejected as being legally incorrect,[6]: 31–32 and that:
"The notion that one can demonstrate animus [ill-will] toward any group of people only by targeting all of them at once is fundamentally flawed. [...] It is a discriminatory purpose that matters, no matter how inefficient the execution. Equally flawed is the notion that the Executive Order cannot be found to have targeted Islam because it applies to all individuals in the six referenced countries. It is undisputed, using the primary source upon which the Government itself relies, that these six countries have overwhelmingly Muslim populations that range from 90.7% to 99.8%."[6]: 31
In drawing its conclusion, the Court further quoted the Ninth Circuit appeal ruling on the original Executive Order (13769): "It is well established that evidence of purpose beyond the face of the challenged law may be considered in evaluating Establishment and Equal Protection Clause claims", and quoted in support of its findings, previous rulings that "Official action that targets religious conduct for distinctive treatment cannot be shielded by mere compliance with the requirement of facial neutrality" (Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah); "a facially neutral statute violated the Establishment Clause in light of legislative history demonstrating an intent to apply regulations only to minority religions" (Larson v. Valente); and that "circumstantial evidence of intent, including the historical background of the decision and statements by decisionmakers, may be considered in evaluating whether a governmental action was motivated by a discriminatory purpose" (Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing); ending with a comment that "the Supreme Court has been even more emphatic: courts may not 'turn a blind eye to the context in which [a] policy arose' " (McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky, ruled that a law becomes unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause if its "ostensible or predominant purpose" is to favor or disfavor any religion over any other[23]).[6]: 32 The Court also took into account numerous statements by the President and his team prior to and since election, which had directly stated that he sought a legal means to achieve a total ban on Muslims entering the United States,[6]: 33–37 and a "dearth" of substantive evidence in support of the stated security benefits.
After Judge Watson's ruling a Department of Justice spokeswoman said the administration will continue to defend the executive order in the courts.[24] President Donald Trump denounced the ruling as "an unprecedented judicial overreach", and indicated that the decision would be appealed, if necessary to the Supreme Court, stating that, "We're talking about the safety of our nation, the safety and security of our people. This ruling makes us look weak."[25][26]
Judge Alex Kozinski of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals filed a late dissent on March 17, 2017 to the Ninth Circuit's opinion in Washington v. Trump arguing against the State of Washington’s Establishment Clause claims on grounds that Trump’s speech during the campaign was political speech protected by the First Amendment. Even though the Ninth Circuit had declined to address that issue in reaching its ruling on Washington v. Trump and U.S. courts do not typically rule on issues that are not before them, Kozinski argued it was appropriate for him to address the issue because District Judge Watson in Hawaii had cited the Ninth Circuit opinion in reaching its Establishment Clause ruling.[27][28]
On March 29 Judge Watson extended his order blocking the ban for a longer duration.[29] The DOJ appealed this ruling.[30] On May 15, a panel of the Ninth Circuit heard arguments on whether to uphold the nationwide injunction.[31][32] Acting Solicitor General of the United States Jeffrey Wall and Hawaii's attorney, Neal Katyal, appeared before Circuit Judges Ronald M. Gould, Michael Daly Hawkins, and Richard Paez for an hour of oral arguments in Seattle's William Kenzo Nakamura United States Courthouse.[33]
International Refugee Assistance Project v. Trump
On the same date that Judge Watson in Hawaii blocked parts of the order Judge Theodore D. Chuang of the U.S. District of Maryland, who was formerly Deputy General Counsel for the Department of Homeland Security, issued a temporary restraining order that blocked the revised executive order’s section 2(c), which would have banned travel to the U.S. by citizens from six designated countries.[34][35] The basis of Judge Chuang's order is violation of the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution. Judge Chuang also noted that the order was in violation of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which modifies the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 to say "No person shall receive any preference or priority or be discriminated against in the issuance of an immigrant visa because of his race, sex, nationality, place of birth, or place of residence," but only in that it placed a ban on immigrant visa issuance based on nationality. Judge Chuang noted that the statute does not prohibit the President from barring entry into the United States or the issuance of non-immigrant visas on the basis of nationality.[35][36] The Trump Administration appealed the ruling to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, which scheduled oral argument for May 8; the Justice Department has said it will file a motion to encourage the court to rule sooner.[37] On Friday, March 31, approximately 30 top U.S. universities filed an amicus brief with the Fourth Circuit opposing the travel ban.[38][39]
On May 8, acting Solicitor General of the United States Jeffrey Wall and American Civil Liberties Union attorney Omar Jadwat appeared before the 13-judge en banc Fourth Circuit for two hours of oral arguments in Richmond, Virginia's Lewis F. Powell Jr. United States Courthouse. Judges J. Harvie Wilkinson III, whose daughter is married to Wall, and Allyson Kay Duncan recused themselves.[40][41]
Washington v. Trump
State of Washington and State of Minnesota v. Trump | |
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Court | United States District Court for the Western District of Washington |
Full case name | State of Washington and State of Minnesota, Plaintiffs, v. Donald J. Trump, in his official capacity as President of the United States; U.S. Department of Homeland Security; John F. Kelly, in his official capacity as Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security; Tom Shannon, in his official capacity as Acting Secretary of State; and the United States of America, Defendants. |
Citation | No. 2:17-cv-00141; No. 17-35105 |
On the day the order was signed, March 6, 2017, Washington Attorney General Bob Ferguson stated that he had not yet had sufficient time to review it.[14]
On March 9, Ferguson indicated that the State of Washington will pursue obtaining a temporary restraining order and a preliminary injunction to block the executive order. Ferguson publicly stated, "It's my duty, my responsibility to act. We're not going to be bullied by threats and actions by the federal government". The State of Washington indicated they would ask for a temporary restraining order and a preliminary injunction in the current proceedings related to executive order 13769 by asking the Court for leave to file an amended complaint to address executive order 13780.[42][43] Ferguson also indicated that the states of Oregon, Massachusetts, and New York would ask for leave from the Court to join the current lawsuit against the executive order.[42][44][45]
On March 9, 2017, White House press secretary Sean Spicer responded to the criticism of the order from several state attorney generals, and stated that the White House was confident the new order addressed the issues raised by the states in litigation involving the previous Executive Order 13769. Spicer stated, "I think we feel very comfortable that the executive order that was crafted is consistent with — we’re going to go forward on this — but I think by all means, I don’t— we feel very confident with how that was crafted and the input that was given”.[46][47]
The federal defendants argued the new order “does not limit the [federal] government’s ability to immediately begin enforcing the new executive order”, while the State of Washington has replied that “While the provisions differ slightly from their original incarnation, the differences do not remove them from the ambit of this court's injunction”. As of the evening of March 10, neither side had filed a motion to uphold or stop the new order, and Judge Robart said he would not rule on the matter without one.[48]
On March 13, 2017 the Washington State Attorney General filed a second amended complaint addressing executive order 13780 and moved the court to enjoin enforcement of the order under the current preliminary injunction previously issued which barred enforcement of executive order 13769 by filing a motion for emergency enforcement of the preliminary injunction.[49][50] The State of Washington in their second amended complaint asked the Court to Declare that Sections 3(c), 5(a)–(c), and 5(e) of the First Executive Order 13769 are unauthorized by and contrary to the Constitution and laws of the United States, and that the United States should be enjoined from implementing or enforcing Sections 3(c), 5(a)–(c), and 5(e) of the First Executive Order, including at all United States borders, ports of entry, and in the issuance of visas, pending further orders from this Court. The State of Washington also asked the Court to declare that Sections 2(c) and 6(a) of the Second Executive Order 13780 are unauthorized by and contrary to the Constitution and laws of the United States, and that the United States should also be enjoined from implementing or enforcing Sections 2(c) and 6(a) of the Second Executive Order 13780, including at all United States borders, ports of entry, and in the issuance of visas, and enjoin the United States from implementing or enforcing Section 5(d) of the First Executive Order 13769 and enjoin the United States from implementing or enforcing Section 6(b) of the Second Executive Order 13780.[51] The Court subsequently issued an order directing the United States to file a response to the emergency motion to enforce the preliminary injunction by March 14, 2017.[52]
On March 17, 2017, U.S. District Judge James Robart declined to grant an additional restraining order because he regarded such an action as unnecessary given that the President's new executive order was already blocked by U.S. District Judge Derrick Watson in Hawaii.[53]
Maryland will also challenge the order in court, citing the order's future harm to its competitiveness academically and economically in the form of hindering visits by academics, scientists and engineers from other countries.[54]
Other cases
The first temporary restraining order issued against the revised travel ban came on March 10 from U.S. district judge William Conley in Madison, Wisconsin; the TRO suspended the executive order with respect to a Syrian refugee's wife and child who are living in Aleppo, Syria.[55]
On March 24, 2017, U.S. District Judge Anthony John Trenga in Alexandria, Virginia, refused to grant plaintiff Linda Sarsour a temporary restraining order against the President's executive order, finding that she was not likely to succeed in her challenge.[56]
Reception
FiveThirtyEight noted that about 1% of physicians in the United States — 8,000 people — completed medical school in the seven countries whose citizens were banned from traveling into the United States, and that the ban could therefore make it harder to find a physician in the United States.[57] The report, however, doesn't take into account the number of physicians who completed their training abroad but are (potentially naturalized) U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents nonetheless, two categories that would be excluded under the Executive Order.
See also
References
- ^ Gonzales, Richard (March 15, 2017). "Trump Travel Ban Blocked Nationwide By Federal Judges In Hawaii, Maryland". NPR. Washington, D.C.: Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ "Donald Trump's travel ban suffers fresh court setback". Financial Times. London: The Nikkei. March 30, 2017. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
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ignored (|url-access=
suggested) (help) - ^ Werner, Erica; Jalonick, Mary Clare (March 29, 2017). "Federal judge in Hawaii extends order halting Trump's travel ban". Chicago Tribune. Chicago: Tronc, Inc. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
- ^ Shabad, Rebecca (March 6, 2017). "Trump's new travel ban executive order removes Iraq from list of banned countries". CBS News.
- ^ a b Nuckols, Ben; Johnson, Gene (March 15, 2017). "Trump travel ban put on hold again". The Boston Globe.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f g CV. NO. 17-00050 Order Granting Motion for Temporary Restraining Order
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Executive Order 13780 of March 6, 2017: Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United States. Executive Office of the President. 82 FR 13209–13219. Published: March 9, 2017.
- ^ Zapotosky, Matt; Nakamura, David; Hauslohne, Abigail (March 6, 2017). "Revised executive order bans travelers from six Muslim-majority countries from getting new visas". The Washington Post.
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(help) - ^ Pitzke, Marc (March 7, 2017). "Trumps Einreiseverbot Neue Version, alte Probleme (Trump's Entry Ban: New Version, Old Problems)". Der Spiegel (in German). New York, NY. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
- ^ Woodruff, Betsy (March 6, 2017). "How Donald Trump's New Ban Will Make Airports Even Worse". Retrieved March 7, 2017.
- ^ "Comprehensive Biometric Entry/Exit Plan (Fiscal Year 2016 Report to Congress)" (PDF). Department of Homeland Security. p. numbered page 4 at n. 3 (page 11 of PDF).
"In-scope" traveler is defined as any person who is required by law to provide biometrics upon entry to the United States, pursuant to 8 CFR 235.1(f)(ii). This includes all non-U.S. citizens within the ages of 14 to 79 with some exceptions, such as diplomats or Canadian nationals who enter as tourists.
- ^ "Report of the Visa Office 2016". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved February 4, 2017.
- ^ "8 U.S. Code § 1182 - Inadmissible aliens". Paragraph (f): Cornell Law School. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
- ^ a b Zapotosky, Matt (March 7, 2017). "Hawaii plans to sue to block new Trump travel ban". The Washington Post.
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(help) - ^ Beech, Eric (March 8, 2017). "State of Hawaii to challenge new Trump order in court - court document" – via Reuters.
- ^ "Documents in State of Hawaii et al v. Trump—A Challenge to President Trump's March 6, 2017 Travel Ban".
- ^ 1:17-cv-00050 Second Amended Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief
- ^ 1:17-cv-00050 Motion for Leave To File Second Amended Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief
- ^ Wamsley, Laura (March 8, 2017). "Hawaii Mounts Legal Challenge To President's Revised Travel Ban". NPR (published March 9, 2017).
- ^ Burns, Alexander; Yee, Vivian (March 8, 2017). "Hawaii Sues to Block Trump Travel Ban; First Challenge to Order". The New York Times.
- ^ Levine, Dan; Rosenberg, Mica Rosenberg (March 15, 2017). "U.S. judge in Hawaii puts emergency halt on Trump's new travel ban" – via Reuters.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Burns, Alexander (March 15, 2017). "Federal Judge Blocks Trump's Latest Travel Ban Nationwide" – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/545/03-1693/opinion.html, pp. 10-11
- ^ Gonzoles, Richard (March 15, 2017). "Trump Travel Ban Blocked Nationwide By Federal Judges In Hawaii, Maryland". NPR.
- ^ "Judge blocks second travel order; Trump slams 'judicial overreach'".
- ^ Phipps, Claire (March 15, 2017). "Trump says federal judge's travel ban block is 'unprecedented overreach' – live" – via The Guardian.
- ^ Hasen, Richard (March 20, 2017). "Does the First Amendment Protect Trump's Travel Ban?". Slate.
- ^ "No. 2:17-cv-00141 Amended Order" (PDF). March 17, 2017.
- ^ "Hawaii Judge Extends Order Blocking Trump's Travel Ban". Honolulu: The New York Times. March 29, 2017 – via The Associated Press.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ "Trump travel ban: Administration appeals Hawaii judge's new ruling blocking ban". Fox News. March 30, 2017.
- ^ Dolan, Maura (April 4, 2017). "9th Circuit Court sets a date for travel ban hearing". The Los Angeles Times.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ "Ninth Circuit Hears Oral Argument on Travel Ban". C-SPAN.org. May 15, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
- ^ Adam Liptak (May 16, 2017). "3 Judges Weigh Trump's Revised Travel Ban, but Keep Their Poker Faces". The New York Times. p. A16. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
- ^ Burns, Alexander; Hirschfeld Davis, Julie; Gately, Gary; Robbins, Liz; Tanabe, Barbara; Chokshi, Niraj (March 15, 2017). "2 Federal Judges Rule Against Trump's Latest Travel Ban". The New York Times.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ a b Chuang, Theodore D. (March 15, 2017). "Memorandum Opinion". Docket No. 149
- ^ Bier, David (March 17, 2017). "Court Rules the President Violated the 1965 Law with Executive Order". The Cato Institute.
- ^ Kaleem, Jaweed (March 23, 2017). "Trump's travel ban could remain blocked for weeks". The Los Angeles Times.
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(help) - ^ Shackner, Bill (March 31, 2017). "CMU among 31 schools filing amicus brief on Trump travel ban". The Pittsburgh Post Gazette.
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(help) - ^ Allen, Evan (April 1, 2017). "Seven Mass. universities join court brief against Trump travel ban". The Boston Globe.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ Adam Liptak (May 9, 2017). "Judges Weigh Trump's 'Muslim Ban' Remarks at Appeals Court Hearing". The New York Times. p. A15. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
- ^ "Fourth Circuit Hears Oral Argument on Travel Ban". C-SPAN.org. May 8, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
- ^ a b O'Hara, Mary Emily; Melber, Ari; Williams, Pete. "Washington state wants restraining order applied to Trump's new travel ban". NBC News.
- ^ Dwyer, Colin (March 9, 2017). "Washington State Wants Judge's Restraining Order Applied To Trump's New Travel Ban". NPR.
- ^ Lavallee, Peter (March 9, 2017). "AG Ferguson: Revised Trump Travel Ban Still Subject to Injunction" (Press release). Seattle. Washington State Office of the Attorney General. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
- ^ Gerstein, Josh (March 9, 2017). "States ask court to stop Trump's new travel ban from ever taking effect". Politico.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ Wilson, Reid (March 9, 2017). "Four states suing to block Trump's new travel ban". The Hill.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Response to Defendants' notice of filing executive order. Docket No. 113 in 2:17-cv-00141-JLR, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington. Filed March 9, 2017.
- ^ Williams, Pete (March 10, 2017). "Is Trump's New Executive Order on Travel 'New' Enough?". NBC News.
- ^ Lavallee, Peter (March 13, 2017). "AG Ferguson seeks travel-ban hearing Tuesday; new court filings - Washington State" (Press release). Seattle. Washington State Office of the Attorney General. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
- ^ Case No. C17-0141JLR Emergency Motion to Enforce Preliminary Injunction
- ^ Case No. C17-0141JLR Second Amended Complaint
- ^ Case No. C17-0141JLR Order Regarding Motion to Enforce Preliminary Injunction
- ^ Carter, Mike (March 20, 2017). "Seattle judge won't rule on local challenge to revised Trump travel ban". The Seattle Times. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
- ^ Alexander, David; Rosenberg, Mica (March 11, 2017). Leslie Adler (ed.). "Maryland to Join Other States in Court Challenge to Trump's Travel Ban". Washington, D.C.: The New York Times – via Reuters.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ "Trump's Revised Travel Ban Dealt First Court Setback". The New York Times. March 11, 2017 – via Reuters.
{{cite news}}
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ignored (help) - ^ Geidner, Chris (March 24, 2017). "Federal Judge Sides With Trump In A Challenge To The New Travel Ban Executive Order". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
- ^ Jena, Anupam B. (February 3, 2017). "Trump's Immigration Order Could Make It Harder To Find A Psychiatrist Or Pediatrician". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png)
- Fact Sheet by the United States Department of Homeland Security
- Questions and Answers about the Executive Order from the United States Department of Homeland Security
- Announcements about the Executive Order from the United States Department of State
- Litigation Documents & Resources Related to Trump Executive Order on Immigration compiled by Lawfare Blog
- Index and Concordance to the Text of the Trump Travel and Refugees Executive Order of March 3, 2017 [ No. 13780 ]
- 2017 controversies in the United States
- 2017 in American politics
- 2017 works
- Anti-immigration politics in the United States
- Iran–United States relations
- Iraq–United States relations
- Islam-related controversies in North America
- March 2017 events in the United States
- Libya–United States relations
- Policies of Donald Trump
- Somalia–United States relations
- Sudan–United States relations
- Syria–United States relations
- Trump administration controversies
- United States immigration law
- United States–Yemen relations
- Works about immigration to the United States
- Executive orders of Donald Trump