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2017 Turku attack

Coordinates: 60°27′07″N 022°15′59″E / 60.45194°N 22.26639°E / 60.45194; 22.26639
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2017 Turku stabbing
Part of terrorism in Europe
Market Square, where the attack started, pictured in 2008
Turku is located in Finland
Turku
Turku
Turku (Finland)
LocationBetween Market Square and Puutori, central Turku, Finland
Coordinates60°27′07″N 022°15′59″E / 60.45194°N 22.26639°E / 60.45194; 22.26639
Date18 August 2017 (2017-08-18)
16:00–16:05 EET (UTC+3)
Attack type
Stabbing
WeaponsKnife
Deaths2
Injured8 (+1 attacker)

On 18 August 2017, at around 16:00 local time (UTC+3), 10 people were stabbed in central Turku, Southwest Finland. Police were informed at 16:02 and by 16:05 the suspect, a 22 year-old Moroccan asylum seeker Abderrahman Bouanane was detained. At the time of his arrest Bouanane was using the name Abderrahman Mechkah; it was subsequently discovered this was not his real name.[1] Two people were killed in the attack and eight others sustained injuries. The police are investigating the case as a terrorist act[2] which makes it the first terrorist attack in Finland since the end of World War II.[3][4][5][6]

Bouanane is currently detained "for probable cause of two murders and eight attempted murders committed with terrorist intent".[7] According to the Finnish Security Intelligence Service (Supo), the attack was "a likely terror act".[8]

Context

Finland had not experienced terrorist attacks and had faced very little political violence since the end of World War II.[3] On 14 June 2017, the Finnish Security Intelligence Service (Supo) assessed the overall terrorist threat as level two ("elevated") on its four-tier system. According to Supo, the most significant terrorist threat in Finland was at the time posed by individual actors or small groups motivated by radical Islamist propaganda or terrorist organisations encouraging them.[9] Europol's assessment of terrorism threats in the European Union (EU) was similar to that of Supo:

The terrorist threat in the EU in 2016 emanated from remotely directed individuals operating alone or in small groups, and those that may have been inspired by terrorist propaganda, but not directed. The former are receiving direction and personal instruction from, and are possibly being facilitated by, a terrorist organisation. The latter are individual attackers, possibly but not necessarily being helped by family and/ or friends as accomplices. They are inspired by jihadist propaganda and messaging, but not necessarily receiving personal direction or instruction from any group.[10]

Between 1 January 2015 and 31 March 2017, Finland received just under 40,000 asylum applications.[11]

Attack

Map of the attack route[12][13]

On 18 August 2017, at 16:02 local time, police were informed that a single attacker had stabbed several people at the Market Square in central Turku, Finland.[14][15] The attacker then stabbed several more people while running towards Puutori. Bystanders intervened in the attacks and chased the attacker while simultaneously warning other people by yelling.[16][17]

When police confronted the attacker on Brahenkatu street near Puutori, he ignored verbal orders and was immobilised with a single shot to the leg at 16:05. The assailant was given first aid and taken into custody.[14][18]

Casualties

Two persons died as a result of the attack: one at the scene of the incident, and another in hospital. Eight victims were non-fatally wounded, of whom at least three were critically injured. One of the victims was under 18, the others were adults. Eight of the victims were female and two male.[19] The police suspected early on that the attacker had purposely chosen females as his victims, as the male victims were injured while trying to help other victims or stop the attacker.[20] However, it was later discovered that the attacker had previously planned attacks at two different sites, which would have included male casualties as well. Thus, police no longer suspected that the casualties were picked based on their sex.[21]

One of the wounded was British, one Italian and one Swedish; both of the fatalities were Finnish women.[22][23] The Italian citizen did not receive critical injuries and had been at the Square with her infant in a pram.[24] The British citizen, a paramedic, was injured four times as he tried to help others.[25][26][16]

Two of the injured victims were still being treated in intensive care on 22 August. The other six had been discharged from hospital.[27]

Deaths and injuries by citizenship (excluding attacker)
Citizenship Deaths Injuries
Finnish 2 5
British 0 1
Italian 0 1
Swedish 0 1
Total 2 8

Aftermath

Candles at the Turku Market Square a few hours after the incident

Immediate actions

The Turku City Library and Hansa shopping centre were evacuated, and the police initially advised people to avoid the city centre area. Finnish Prime Minister Juha Sipilä tweeted on 18 August, at 17:09 local time: "The government is closely following the events in Turku and the ongoing police operation. The government will meet later today."[28]

The Finnish police increased security across the whole nation, such as at Helsinki Airport and Helsinki Central railway station along with other transport hubs across Finland.[29] A crisis service hotline as well as a physical crisis service point were established in the Turku area and the number of social workers was doubled.[30] Flags were flown half-mast on 19 August and a national moment of silence was held at the Market Square on 20 August, at 10:00 local time.[31][32]

Reform discussions

The attack prompted the Government of Finland, Parliament of Finland representatives and the President of Finland Sauli Niinistö to discuss fast-tracking the intelligence bill.[33][34] Prime Minister of Finland Juha Sipilä said on the need for intelligence gathering reform that it should be “obvious from a constitutional standpoint that the right to life is a more precious fundamental right than the right to privacy in light of the Turku events."[35] The bill is intended to enhance national security against serious threats, such as terrorism, with both civilian and military intelligence. New powers granted with the bill would include network traffic intelligence and intelligence gathering abroad.[36][37]

Similarly, the event sparked discussion on adjusting asylum and immigration policies, such as returning rejected asylum seekers more rigorously and increasing judicial deterrent on illegal stays. Director of the Finnish Security Intelligence Service (Supo) Antti Pelttari believes deportation centres for rejected asylum seekers and intensified returns would be beneficial in respect to the security situation.[38][39] On the other hand, Interior Minister Paula Risikko did not find the suggestion feasible—as the residents of such centres are not placed under constant surveillance, but are only required to check in regularly.[40]

Investigation chronologically

First 48 hours (18–20 August)

At 19:00 local time on 18 August 2017, the police held a press conference where they reported that the nature of the attack had not yet been established.[41][42][43][44][45]

On 19 August at 14:00 local time, the Finnish National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) announced that the arrested suspect attacker was an 18-year-old Moroccan man, and that the case was now being treated as a suspected terrorist attack.[46][47][2] Police reported that the suspect had arrived in Finland at the beginning of 2016 and had been involved in the "asylum process", but would not say whether he had received a negative asylum decision. The suspect had refused to answer questions and the attack appeared to have been premeditated. Furthermore, NBI reported that police had raided a flat in the Varissuo suburb of Turku, home to a large immigrant population, and an asylum-seekers' reception centre in the Pansio suburb of Turku overnight between 18 and 19 August. Four more men with Moroccan backgrounds had subsequently been arrested while one Moroccan person was placed under an international arrest warrant. A white Fiat Ducato belonging to one of the suspects was seized during the raids.[22][48][49][50][51]

According to information released by the Finnish Security Intelligence Service (Supo) on 19 August, the suspect attacker was not one of the 350 inviduals monitored by Supo for terrorism prevention purposes.[52] Likewise, the suspect attacker's profile is similar to that of several other recent radical Islamist terror attacks that have taken place in Europe and Supo considers the incident to be the first suspected terrorist strike in Finland.[4] The terrorist threat assessment level would remain unchanged from level two ("elevated") for the time being.[53]

On the morning of 20 August, NBI conducted an approximately 45 minute re-enactment of the event at Market Square and Puutori as a normal method of investigating serious crimes. Additional locations were searched, for example, in the Runosmäki suburb of Turku and persons connected to the case were interviewed. NBI has been gathering photographic and video evidence from the public through a WhatsApp account.[54][55][56]

Candles and flowers near the attack start point on 26 August 2017

Four suspects remanded into pre-trial detention (21–24 August)

On 21 August, the suspect attacker was named by authorities as Abderrahman Mechkah — although the authenticity of the name was still under verification (and was subsequently shown to be false[1]). NBI requested for him to be remanded during pre-trial investigations.[57][58][59][60] German authorities noted that he had stayed illegally in Germany with multiple false identities from the end of 2015 till early 2016 without seeking asylum.[61][62][63] He had no prior convictions in Finland according to the Finnish Legal Register Centre, but Supo confirmed receiving, in early 2017, a non-specific tip-off that he appeared to be becoming radicalised and was interested in extremist ideology. The tip-off did not contain information suggesting an actual attack.[64][61] He remained in the hospital on 21 August, but no longer in intensive care.[65] NBI also confirmed that the suspect was a "rejected asylum seeker".[66]

The main suspect and three of the suspected associates were remanded into pre-trial detention on 22 August by the Southwest Finland District Court on suspicion of two counts of murder with terrorist intent and eight counts of attempted murder with terrorist intent. The main suspect admitted to causing the deaths and injuries, but denied that they constituted murder with terrorist intent.[67][68][69][70] The motive of the attack was still unclear according to NBI. Investigators cancelled the remand hearing of one of the five originally arrested and cleared him from any charges.[71] NBI was at the time investigating the case in cooperation with Europol and Interpol and focusing on background issues, such as whether the attack was conducted in isolation or whether an organization guided the suspects, as well as trying to locate the sixth suspect outside of Finland. The suspects' ages range from 18 to 28.[72][73][74] According to the German media, the main suspect and two of the other suspects had previously stayed in Germany and committed crimes under several different identities.[75][76]

According to persons interviewed at the Pansio reception centre by national broadcaster Yle, the main suspect arrived to the centre in December 2016 and displayed radicalist behaviour during his stay, such as asking how he could join the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), listening to radicalist sermons on his phone and considering Finns to be infidels. The interviewees warned the reception centre management of this behaviour in January 2017. Helsinki Times published similar interviews afterwards.[77][78] Yle also reported that the police are currently monitoring approximately 100 young asylum seeker men in the Southwest Finland area and that the police believe the main suspect had radicalized fairly quickly during August; for example, his behaviour and clothing style had changed.[79]

On 23 August, two more suspects were detained on suspicion of preparing to commit crimes with terrorist intent. The nationalities of the suspects were unclear as they had claimed being Algerian to Finnish authorities and Moroccan to Swedish authorities.[80][81] The two were subsequently interviewed; and one of them released and cleared of charges later on. As of 24 August, four suspects are in pre-trial detention, one arrested, one under an international arrest warrant and two cleared.[82][83][84][6]

Motive clarified, two suspects remain after others are cleared (25 August onwards)

On 26 August, NBI reported that they had released the second suspect arrested on 23 August and cleared him of all charges.[85] On 27 August, it was reported that Abderrahman Mechkah was not the main suspect's real name, nor was he 18-years old as previously thought. He was later confirmed to be 22-year-old Abderrahman Bouanane.[57][86] On 29 August, however, Abdelhak Khiame, Head of the Moroccan Anti-Terrorism Intelligence Agency, informed the tabloid Ilta-Sanomat that his office did not have any information about a person of that name.[87]

Two of the remanded suspects were released and cleared of all charges on 31 August.[88] Reports also described the suspect placed under an international arrest warrant as Zuhriddin Rashidov, aged 23. He is suspected of aiding Bouanane with planning the attack in Turku. Rashidov is a citizen of Finland, but was born in Uzbekistan.[89] The fourth remanded accessory suspect was released from detention and cleared of charges on 1 September, leaving Bouanane as the only one remaining in custody.[90][91][92]

On 7 September, NBI reported that Bouanane had planned two alternative targets besides Turku Market Square. Robin Lardot, Director of NBI, told that the suspect was seeking a martyr's death during the attack. He possessed ISIS propaganda and had drafted a manifesto regarding the attack. Police had obtained a video in which Bouanane read the manifesto along with citations from the Quran outside Turku Cathedral before disseminating the video to a group chat on an instant messaging service. Lardot also emphasised that the investigation will continue for months in part due to the need to translate Arabic material.[93][21]

Reactions

National

Prime Minister Juha Sipilä remarked during a press conference on 19 August: "If the criminal charge is confirmed to be terror-related murder, that would be a first in Finland. We have feared this. The day before in Barcelona and now in Turku. We are no longer an island". He added: "This act was cowardly and reprehensible. The killing of innocent people is a violation of humanity and of religions' principles. We are however all in the same boat and we must defend humanity so that hate is not answered with hate."[5]

Interior Minister Paula Risikko said on Twitter on 19 August: "Terrorists want to pit people against each other. We will not let this happen. Finnish society will not be defeated by fear or hatred."[94]

On 19 August, protesters from anti-immigration and anti-racism groups staged demonstrations near the site of the stabbing.[95]

The Islamic Council of Finland and the Moroccan Forum in Finland strongly condemned the attack and denounced the use of violence and hatred on 20 August.[96]

International

Several international leaders offered their condolences to the victims of the attacks.[97][98]

See also

References

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  66. ^ "Turku attack suspect had appealed negative asylum decision". Yle Uutiset. 21 August 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  67. ^ "Varsinais-Suomi District Court detained four suspected of knife attacks in Turku". National Bureau of Investigation, Finland. 22 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  68. ^ "Finland knife attack suspect 'admits killing two and wounding eight in Turku'". Express.co.uk. 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  69. ^ "Finland public stabbing suspect had been denied asylum". CBC News. 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  70. ^ "Finland attack: Moroccan admits Turku killings". BBC News. 22 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  71. ^ "Four suspects remanded in custody over Turku knife attack, one man freed". Yle Uutiset. 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  72. ^ "Turun puukotusten pääepäilty ja kolme muuta vangittiin, vapautettu mies sanoo tunteneensa Meckahin "urheiluharrastuksen kautta"" [Main suspect and three other suspects of the Turku stabbing remanded, freed man says he knew Meckah "from sport hobbies"]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  73. ^ "Turun iskun pääepäilty myöntää puukotukset" [Main suspect of Turku attack admits stabbings]. Turun Sanomat (in Finnish). 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  74. ^ Kuosa, Mari-Leena; Chan, Sewell (22 August 2017). "Moroccan Man Admits Deadly Stabbing Attack in Finland". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  75. ^ "Saksalaislehti: Kolmella Turun puukotusten marokkolaisepäillyistä rikostausta Saksassa – pääepäilty käytti useita identiteettejä" [German paper: Three of the Moroccan Turku stabbing suspects had a criminal background in Germany – main suspect used different identities]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  76. ^ "Attentäter von Turku war in Deutschland auffällig geworden" [Turku attacker attracted attention in Germany]. sueddeutsche.de (in German). 21 August 2017. ISSN 0174-4917. Retrieved 22 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  77. ^ "Turku suspect wanted to join Isis, called Finns infidels". Yle Uutiset. 23 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  78. ^ "Turun puukottaja kuunteli Isisiä ihannoivia lauluja ja puhui vääräuskoisten tappamisesta, kertoo tuttava HS:lle – "Poliisin pitäisi seurata tarkemmin, mitä vastaanottokeskuksissa tapahtuu"" [Turku stabber listened to songs praising ISIS and spoke of killing infidels, an acquaintance tells Helsinki Times – ”The police should monitor more closely what happens in reception centeres”]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 23 August 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  79. ^ "Poliisitutkinta: Turun epäilty puukottaja radikalisoitui tässä kuussa" [Police investigation: Suspect of Turku stabbing radicalized this month]. Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 24 August 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  80. ^ "Turku attack: NBI detain 2 more suspects". Yle Uutiset. 23 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  81. ^ "New apprehensions relating to the stabbings in Turku". National Bureau of Investigation, Finland. 23 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  82. ^ "NBI releases one, detains one of Turku suspects arrested on Wednesday". Yle Uutiset. 24 August 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  83. ^ "Turku knife attacks: One of the two men apprehended yesterday arrested". National Bureau of Investigation, Finland. 24 August 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  84. ^ "Poliisi pidätti toisen kiinniotetun Turun puukotuksista" [Police arrested one of the persons held for Turku stabbing]. Turun Sanomat (in Finnish). 24 August 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  85. ^ "Poliisi vapautti Turun puukotuksiin liittyen pidätetyn" [Police released suspect connected to Turku stabbing]. Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 26 August 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  86. ^ "Turun sarjapuukottajan oikea nimi on Abderrahman Bouanane – ikä 22 vuotta" [The real name of Turku serial stabber is Abderrahman Bouanane – 22 years old] (in Finnish). Ilta-Sanomat. 28 August 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  87. ^ "Jokin ei täsmää – Marokon tiedusteluviranomaiset epäilevät Turun puukottajan tietoja" [Something is amiss – Moroccan intelligence authorities suspect Turku stabber details]. Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). 29 August 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  88. ^ Teivainen, Aleksi (31 August 2017). "Police release two men initially linked to Turku stabbings". Helsinki Times. Retrieved 9 September 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  89. ^ "23-vuotias Suomen kansalainen: Tätä miestä Ruotsin poliisi etsii Turun puukotuksiin liittyen - mahdollisesti vaarallinen" [23-year-old Finnish citien: This is the man Swedish police is searching for related to the Turku stabbing - possibly dangerous]. Iltalehti. Retrieved 31 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  90. ^ "KRP: Viimeinen Turun puukotusten osallisuudesta epäilty on vapautettu" [NBI: Last accessory suspect in Turku stabbings released]. YLE. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  91. ^ Teivainen, Aleksi (4 September 2017). "Police release from remand third suspected accomplice of Turku knife-man". Helsinki Times. Retrieved 9 September 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  92. ^ "The last one suspected of involvement in the knife attack in Turku released". National Bureau of Investigation, Finland. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  93. ^ "NBI: Turku attack suspect had two alternative targets". Yle Uutiset. 8 September 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  94. ^ "Finland says fatal stabbings were a terrorist attack". POLITICO. 19 August 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  95. ^ "Feature: Conflicting demonstrations at stabbing scene in Finnish city Turku". Xinhua. 19 August 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  96. ^ "Suomen islamilainen neuvosto tuomitsee Turun puukotukset: Väkivalta vastoin yleisiä inhimillisiä arvoja" [Islamic Council of Finland condemns Turku stabbing: Violence is against common human values]. Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 20 August 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  97. ^ "Eri maiden johtajat ja poliitikot reagoivat Turun väkivallantekoon" [Leaders and politicians from different countries react to the violence in Turku]. Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 19 August 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  98. ^ "At least two killed in Turku stabbing attack". Al Jazeera. 18 August 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
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