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Karlal

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The Karlal (Urdu کرڑال also known as Karral, or Kiraal) is a Hindko speaking tribe in Hazara Division, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The Karlals mostly inhabit the highlands of the Nara tract and the Galiyat area of the Abbottabad District, parts of the Haripur District, and parts of the Bagh District of Azad Kashmir.[1]

Etymology and origins

The Karlal oral tradition states that the tribe descents from a man named Karral Shah who had migrated to present day Abbottabad district from present day Southern Pakistan-Afghanistan border regions. [2] [3]

History

Early times

During the reign of the third Mughal Emperor Akbar, the Karlal country along with much of Hazara, came under the Mughal rule. [citation needed]

Later the Hazara region remained under Durrani rule for much of the 18th century. [4] The rising power of the Sikh Empire was able to dethrone the Durranis in Hazara in the year 1819.[5] This was perhaps the most turbulent period in Hazara's history. In order to subdue the Karlals, in the year 1822, the ruler of the Sikh Empire, Maharajah Ranjit Singh, sent a large force under the command of the then general and governor of Hazara, Amar Singh Majithia. The attempt was rendered unsuccessful by the Karlals as they were able to kill Amar Singh and his force.[6] Amar Singh had now become the second governor and general of Hazara who was killed in action by the local tribesmen. Alarmed by the situation in hand, Maharajah Ranjit Singh decided to send Hari Singh Nalwa, the Commander-in-chief of the Sikh Khalsa Army, the army of the Sikh Empire, to Hazara in order to subdue the local tribes.

By 1849, all of the Hazara came under British rule and Major James Abbott (Indian Army officer) was appointed as first Deputy Commissioner of this region. [7] James Abbott stayed in Hazara and administered Hazara including the Karlal country till 1853. During his tenure, he established the city and district of Abbottabad.[citation needed]

From 1849 to 1947, the Hazara region and its people remained at peace under the British Raj.

Pakistan Movement

During the time of Pakistan independence movement, most of the Karlal tribe joined the flanks of the All-India Muslim League and strived hard for the creation of Pakistan.[citation needed] In the elections of 1946, which was fought on the single point of the division of British India, Karlals were forerunners in defeating the Indian National Congress candidates who had the backing of tribes like the Jaduns.[citation needed] The representative and leader of the Karlals at that time was Captain Sardar Zain Muhammad Khan.[citation needed]. Sardar Zain Muhammad Khan Karlal also had the honor of representing Hazara District in the historic Delhi All India Muslim Parliamentarians convention held in April 1946 under the chairmanship of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah which finally voted for the partition of India and creation of Pakistan.[8]

Another Karlal who had a prominent role in the Pakistan movement was the Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi. He was one of the provincial delegates to the Lahore Resolution of the All India Muslim League session which he was a part of on 22–24 March 1940.[9][10] During the Pakistan Movement, Hazarvi was among the scholars who sided with Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the All-India Muslim League, on the platform of the "All India Sunni Conference″ held at Banaras in 1946.[9][10] When Pakistan movement began for the independence of India, the Indian National Congress was supported by many Muslim scholars, leaders and the learned who stood side by side with the Hindu leaders of the Congress. Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi announced his assistance and loyalty to Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the struggle to acquire Pakistan.[9][10] After the passage of Lahore Resolution he gave an all out support to Mohammad Ali Jinnah for the achievement of Pakistan. He made intensive tours of the country to generate support for the All-India Muslim League. He advised his tribe and followers to work for the All-India Muslim League and emphatically declared that he would not lead the funeral prayers of any devotee if he had not participated in the Pakistan Movement in any capacity.[9][10] His sincere campaign in the election of 1945-46 resulted in grand success of the All-India Muslims League candidates. During the referendum of 1947 in NWFP, Hazarvi toured the province and mustered his support for the All-India Muslim League.[11][12][13]

Post Pakistan and present

Following the formation of Pakistan, the Karlals have been living peaceful lives with little to no wars, battles, or violence, something that they were accustomed to since their recorded history. In the year 1957, Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi, a Karlal, became the first ever recipient of the highest civilian award of Pakistan, the Nishan-e-Imtiaz.[14] Most Karlals today are still living in their ancestral villages in the Galiyat and the Nara tract of the Abbottabad District whereas some have moved out to different cities of Pakistan and the world for a better livelihood. More recently, the Karlals along with some other tribesmen of Hazara, have engaged in a political struggle to separate the Hazara Division from Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa in order to form a Hazara Province.[15][16]

Notable people

References

  1. ^ "Main Tribes of Hazara". www.Myhazara.tk. 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2017-08-02.
  2. ^ Office of the Census Commissioner (1961). Part 2, Volume 12 of Population Census of Pakistan, 1961: District Census Report. c.HAZARA DISTRICT AT A GLANCE.
  3. ^ Gankovskiĭ, I. (1971). The Peoples of Pakistan: An Ethnic History
  4. ^ Dr SB Panni Tareekh e Hazara (Urdu: History of the Hazara) 1969. np
  5. ^ Panni, as above, op cit
  6. ^ Autar Singh Sandhu (1987). General Hari Singh Nalwa: Builder of the Sikh Empire. Uppal Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-85024-30-1.
  7. ^ Panni, as above
  8. ^ http://docslide.us/documents/captain-sardar-zain-muhammad-khan.html
  9. ^ a b c d Pakistan perspectives, Volume 7. Pakistan Study Centre, University of Karachi, 2002
  10. ^ a b c d Akbar S. Ahmed (1999) Islam today: a short introduction to the Muslim world. I.B. Tauris Publishers, ISBN 978-1-86064-257-9
  11. ^ "Pakistan". google.co.in.
  12. ^ "Muslim Organisations in the Twentieth Century". google.co.in.
  13. ^ http://www.pjlss.edu.pk/pdf_files/2005_1%20&%202/PJLSS_2005_33-36.pdf
  14. ^ "Nishan-e-Imtiaz for PCCR members". Nation.com.pk. 2011-03-24. Retrieved 2017-08-02.
  15. ^ "Movement for Hazara province to be launched in August: leader | Pakistan". thenews.com.pk. 2017-05-07. Retrieved 2017-08-02.
  16. ^ "Haider Zaman reiterates pledge to work for Hazara province | Peshawar". thenews.com.pk. 2017-04-13. Retrieved 2017-08-02.
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