1978 Finnish presidential election: Difference between revisions

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Details on electoral college meeting on February 15; the two-stage process was not during January 15 and 16.
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
{{Infobox election
⚫
| country = Finland
⚫
| election_name = 1978 Finnish presidential election
⚫
| type = presidential
⚫
| country = Finland
⚫
| previous_election = 1968 Finnish presidential election
⚫
| type = presidential
⚫
| previous_year = 1968
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1968 Finnish presidential election
| next_election = 1982 Finnish presidential election
⚫
| next_year = 1982
⚫
| previous_year = 1968
⚫
| election_date = 15–16 January 1978
| next_election = 1982 Finnish presidential election
⚫
| next_year = 1982
⚫
| election_date = 15–16 January 1978


| image1 = Urho-Kekkonen-1977 (cropped).jpg
<!-- Urho Kekkonen -->
| image1 = [[File:Urho-Kekkonen-1977 (cropped).jpg|x160px|Urho Kekkonen]]
| candidate1 = [[Urho Kekkonen]]
⚫
| party1 = Centre Party (Finland)
⚫
| candidate1 = [[Urho Kekkonen]]
⚫
| popular_vote1 = '''2,017,631'''<!---votes given to parties supporting him in the College election--->
⚫
| party1 = Centre Party (Finland)
⚫
| electoral_vote1 = '''259'''
| colour1 =
⚫
| popular_vote1 = '''2,017,631'''<!---votes given to parties supporting him in the College election--->
⚫
| electoral_vote1 = '''259'''


| image2 = Raino-Westerholm-1977 (cropped).jpg
<!-- Raino Westerholm] -->
| image2 = [[File:Raino-Westerholm-1977 (cropped).jpg|x160px|Raino Westerholm]]
| candidate2 = [[Raino Westerholm]]
⚫
| party2 = [[Christian Democrats (Finland)|Christian League]]
| candidate2 = [[Raino Westerholm]]
⚫
| popular_vote2 = 215,244
⚫
| party2 = [[Christian Democrats (Finland)|Christian League]]
⚫
| electoral_vote2 = 25
| colour2 = 173653
⚫
| popular_vote2 = 215,244
⚫
| electoral_vote2 = 25


| image4 = Veikkovennamo1988 (cropped).jpg
<!-- Veikko Vennamo -->
| image4 = [[File:Veikkovennamo1988 (cropped).jpg|x150px|Veikko Vennamo]]
| candidate4 = [[Veikko Vennamo]]
⚫
| party4 = Finnish Rural Party
| candidate4 = [[Veikko Vennamo]]
⚫
| popular_vote4 = 114,488
⚫
| party4 = Finnish Rural Party
⚫
| electoral_vote4 = 10
| colour4 =
⚫
| popular_vote4 = 114,488
⚫
| electoral_vote4 = 10


⚫
| image5 = <div style="width:115px;"><span style="line-height:130px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:darkblue; font-size:38px;"> '''CPP'''</span></div>
<!-- Ahti M. Salonen -->
⚫
| candidate5 = [[Ahti M. Salonen]]
⚫
| image5 = <div style="width:115px;"><span style="line-height:130px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:darkblue; font-size:38px;"> '''CPP'''</span></div>
⚫
| party5 = [[Constitutional Right Party|Constitutional People's Party]]
⚫
| candidate5 = [[Ahti M. Salonen]]
⚫
| popular_vote5 = 82,478
⚫
| party5 = [[Constitutional Right Party|Constitutional People's Party]]
⚫
| electoral_vote5 = 6
| colour5 = 00008b
⚫
| popular_vote5 = 82,478
⚫
| electoral_vote5 = 6


⚫
| title = President
<!-- map -->
⚫
| before_election = [[Urho Kekkonen]]
| map_image =
⚫
| before_party = Centre Party (Finland)
| map_size =
⚫
| after_election = [[Urho Kekkonen]]
| map_caption =
⚫
| after_party = Centre Party (Finland)
⚫
}}{{Politics of Finland}}


⚫
Two-stage presidential elections were held in [[Finland]] in 1978. They were the first elections since [[1968 Finnish presidential election|1968]], as Parliament had extended [[Urho Kekkonen]]'s term by four years by Parliament.<ref name=DN>[[Dieter Nohlen]] & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p630 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}}</ref> The public elected presidential electors to an electoral college on 15 and 16 January.<ref>Nohlen & Stöver, p606</ref> The electors, in turn assembled in Helsinki on 15 February to formally elect the President. [[Urho Kekkonen]], president since 1956, was re-elected on the first ballot by the electors.<ref name=DN/> The turnout for the popular vote was 64%.<ref>Nohlen & Stöver, p624</ref>
⚫
| title = President

| before_election = [[Urho Kekkonen]]
Kekkonen had in the spring of 1975 agreed to become the Social Democratic presidential candidate, and after that all the major Finnish political parties chose him as their candidate. Kekkonen's opponents, such as the Christian League's presidential candidate Raino Westerholm, claimed that Kekkonen's long presidency weakened the Finnish democracy. Over one-third of the Finnish voters abstained from voting, partly as a protest against Kekkonen's expected landslide victory.
⚫
| before_party = Centre Party (Finland)
⚫
| after_election = [[Urho Kekkonen]]
⚫
| after_party = Centre Party (Finland)
}}
⚫
{{Politics of Finland}}
⚫
Two-stage presidential elections were held in [[Finland]] in 1978, the first since [[1968 Finnish presidential election|1968]] after [[Urho Kekkonen]]'s term was extended by four years by Parliament.<ref name=DN>[[Dieter Nohlen]] & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p630 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}}</ref> The public elected presidential electors to an electoral college on 15 and 16 January.<ref>Nohlen & Stöver, p606</ref> The electors, in turn, assembled in Helsinki on 15 February to formally elect the President. [[Urho Kekkonen]], President since 1956, won re-election on the first ballot by the electors.<ref name=DN/> The turnout for the popular vote was 64.3.<ref>Nohlen & Stöver, p624</ref> Kekkonen had in the spring of 1975 agreed to become the Social Democratic presidential candidate, and after that all the major Finnish political parties chose him as their candidate. Kekkonen's opponents, such as the Christian League's presidential candidate Raino Westerholm, claimed that Kekkonen's long presidency weakened the Finnish democracy. Over one-third of the Finnish voters abstained from voting, partly as a protest against Kekkonen's expected landslide victory.


The 77-year-old President Kekkonen's health was already declining, although this fact was not easily noticeable in his public appearances.<ref>Timo Vihavainen (2003) "The Welfare Finland" (Hyvinvointi-Suomi), pp883–884 in Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., ''A Small Giant of the Finnish History'', WSOY</ref><ref>Pentti Virrankoski (2009) ''A History of Finland'', Finnish Literature Society, p963</ref><ref>Aarno Laitinen et al., eds. (1981) ''Tamminiemi's Inheritance Dividers'', Journalists Ltd</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Finland's Kekkonen Seems Indispensable |last=Seeger |first=Murray |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=February 1, 1978 |page=I-A-1|}}</ref>
The 77-year-old Kekkonen's health was already declining, although this was not easily noticeable in his public appearances.<ref>Timo Vihavainen (2003) "The Welfare Finland" (Hyvinvointi-Suomi), pp883–884 in Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., ''A Small Giant of the Finnish History'', WSOY</ref><ref>Pentti Virrankoski (2009) ''A History of Finland'', Finnish Literature Society, p963</ref><ref>Aarno Laitinen et al., eds. (1981) ''Tamminiemi's Inheritance Dividers'', Journalists Ltd</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Finland's Kekkonen Seems Indispensable |last=Seeger |first=Murray |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=1 February 1978 |page=I-A-1}}</ref>


==Results==
==Results==
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{{Finnish elections}}
{{Finnish elections}}


[[Category:Presidential elections in Finland|1978]]
[[Category:Presidential elections in Finland]
[[Category:1978 elections in Finland|Finland]]
[[Category:1978 elections in Europe|Finland]]
[[Category:January 1978 events in Europe]]
[[Category:1978 elections in Finland|President]]
[[Category:January 1978 events in Europe|Finland]]

Revision as of 11:53, 26 April 2024

1978 Finnish presidential election
← 1968 15–16 January 1978 1982 →
 
Candidate Urho Kekkonen Raino Westerholm
Party Centre Christian League
Electoral vote 259 25
Popular vote 2,017,631 215,244
 
CPP
Candidate Veikko Vennamo Ahti M. Salonen
Party Rural Party Constitutional People's Party
Electoral vote 10 6
Popular vote 114,488 82,478
President before election

Urho Kekkonen
Centre

Elected President

Urho Kekkonen
Centre

Politics of Finland
State
Executive
Legislative
Judiciary
Recent elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations

Two-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in 1978. They were the first elections since 1968, as Parliament had extended Urho Kekkonen's term by four years by Parliament.[1] The public elected presidential electors to an electoral college on 15 and 16 January.[2] The electors, in turn assembled in Helsinki on 15 February to formally elect the President. Urho Kekkonen, president since 1956, was re-elected on the first ballot by the electors.[1] The turnout for the popular vote was 64%.[3]

Kekkonen had in the spring of 1975 agreed to become the Social Democratic presidential candidate, and after that all the major Finnish political parties chose him as their candidate. Kekkonen's opponents, such as the Christian League's presidential candidate Raino Westerholm, claimed that Kekkonen's long presidency weakened the Finnish democracy. Over one-third of the Finnish voters abstained from voting, partly as a protest against Kekkonen's expected landslide victory.

The 77-year-old Kekkonen's health was already declining, although this was not easily noticeable in his public appearances.[4][5][6][7]

Results

Popular vote

Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Supporters of Urho KekkonenSocial Democratic Party569,15423.2574
Centre Party475,37219.4264
Finnish People's Democratic League445,09818.1856
National Coalition Party360,31014.7245
Swedish People's Party88,0543.6012
Liberals71,2322.918
Åland Coalition5,3310.221
Socialist Workers Party2,1870.090
Private Entrepreneurs' Party8930.040
Total2,017,63182.41260
Finnish Christian League215,2448.7924
Finnish Rural Party114,4884.6810
Constitutional People's Party82,4783.376
Finnish People's Unity Party18,5430.760
Total2,448,384100.00300
Valid votes2,448,38499.11
Invalid/blank votes21,9550.89
Total votes2,470,339100.00
Registered voters/turnout3,844,27964.26
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

Electoral college

CandidatePartyVotes%
Urho KekkonenCentre Party25986.33
Raino WesterholmFinnish Christian League258.33
Veikko VennamoFinnish Rural Party103.33
Ahti M. SalonenConstitutional People's Party62.00
Total300100.00
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

References

  1. ^ a b Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p630 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p606
  3. ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p624
  4. ^ Timo Vihavainen (2003) "The Welfare Finland" (Hyvinvointi-Suomi), pp883–884 in Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., A Small Giant of the Finnish History, WSOY
  5. ^ Pentti Virrankoski (2009) A History of Finland, Finnish Literature Society, p963
  6. ^ Aarno Laitinen et al., eds. (1981) Tamminiemi's Inheritance Dividers, Journalists Ltd
  7. ^ Seeger, Murray (1 February 1978). "Finland's Kekkonen Seems Indispensable". Los Angeles Times. p. I-A-1.

[[Category:Presidential elections in Finland]

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